E4142
REPÚBLICA DE MOÇAMBIQUE
MINISTÉRIO DA PLANIFICAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO
DIRECÇÃO NACIONAL DE SERVIÇOS DE PLANEAMENTO
Mozambique Integrated Growth Poles Project
(P127303)
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)
Draft Final
Maputo, February2013
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
ANENational Roads Administration
CBNRMCommunity-Based Natural Resource Management
DADistrict Administration
DCCDistrict Consultative Council
DNANational Directorate for Water
DNENational Directorate for Energy
DNPONational Directorate for Planning
DNAPOTNational Directorate for Land Planning
DNPANational Directorate for Environmental Promotion and Education
DPAProvincial Directorate of Agriculture
DPCAProvincial Directorate for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs
DPOPHProvincial Directorate of Public Works and Housing
EAEnvironmental Assessment
EDMElectricidade de Moçambique
EIAEnvironmental Impact Assessment
EMPEnvironmental Management Plan
ESIAEnvironmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMFEnvironmental and Social Management Framework
ESMPEnvironmental and Social Management Plan
FAOFood and Agriculture Organization
FIPAGWater Supply Investment and Asset Management Fund
GAZEDASpecial Economic Zones Office
GDPGross Domestic Product
GOMGovernment of Mozambique
IDAInternational Development Association
IDCFInnovation and Demonstration Catalytic Fun
MAEMinistry of State Administration
MCAMillennium Challenge Account
MCCMillennium Challenge Corporation
MDPMunicipal Development Project
MICOA Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Affairs
MINAGRI Ministry of Agriculture
MISAU Ministry of Health
MOFMinistry of Finance
MOPHMinistry of Public Works and Housing
MSMEMicro Small and Medium Enterprises
NCSDNational Commission for Sustainable Development
NEMP National Environmental Management Programme
NGONon-GovernmentalOrganization
PARPAAction Plan for the Reduction of Absolute Poverty
PCUProject Coordination Unit
PDDDistrict Development Plans (Plano Distrital de Desenvolvimento)
PDPFProvincial Directorate of Planning and Finance
PDUTDistrict Land Use Plan
PEPAEnvironmental Quality Standards of Mozambique Projects
PLPPProvincial level project personnel (with monitoring responsibilities)
PPUProvincial Project Unit
PRSPoverty Reduction Strategy
RAPResettlement Action Plan
RPFResettlement Policy Framework
SDAEDistrict Services of Economic Activities
SDMASDistrict Services of Women, Social Affairs and Health
SDPIDistrict Services of Planning and Infrastructure
ToRTerms of Reference
UCACoordination and Support Unit
UNDPUnited Nations Development Program
WBWorld Bank
WHOWorld Health Organization
ZVDAZambezi Valley Development Agency
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The preparation of the ESMF comes under theIntegrated Growth Poles Project (Project),which is the World Bank (WB) support to the Government of Mozambique (GOM) strategy for inclusive and broad-based growth. The ESMF is meant to ensure that relevant World Bank Safeguards Policies and GOM environmental and social regulationsare strictly adhered to in the design and implementation of specific subprojects.
The author, Mario Souto, wishes to thank all those who offered their valuable time to provide all kinds of information and data including in-depth perspectives during interviews and discussions and those who shared documents prior to and during the preparation of this document.
Special words of appreciation and acknowledgement go to managers and technical staff of government institutions and public companies who are the main stakeholders of this Project. They were committed and worked tirelessly to ensure that they gave their outmost feedback such that issues and concerns were conveyed adequately during the long and fruitful discussions. Reference is made to institutions such as MICOA, MINAGRI, CFM, FIPAG, GAZEDA, ZVDA, Provincial and District Governments.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SUMÁRIO EXECUTIVO
1- INTRODUCTION
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Project Development Objectives and Principles
2.2 Project Components
2.3 Anticipated sub-Project types under the Project
2.4 Sub-project activities ineligible for funding
3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
3.1 Implementation by Component
4 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT IN MOZAMBIQUE AND THE PROJECT AREA
4.1 General Country Development Context and Project Relevance
5 - PROJECT TARGETED AREAS
5.1 Location
5.2 Physical Environment
5.2.1 The Zambezi Valley (Tete, Manica, Zambezia and Sofala Provinces) and Angonia Growth Pole
5.2.2 Nacala Development Corridor (Niassa and Nampula provinces) and Nacala Growth Pole
5.3 Biological Environment
5.3.1 The Zambezi Valley (Tete, Manica, Zambezia and Sofala Provinces) and Angonia Growth Pole
5.3.2 Nacala Development Corridor (Niassa and Nampula Provinces) and Nacala Growth Pole
5.4 Socio-economic Situation
5.4.1 The Zambezi Valey (Tete, Manica, Zambezia and Sofala Provinces) and Angonia Growth Pole
5.4.2 Nacala Corridor (Tete, Niassa and Nampula Provinces) and Nacala Growth Pole
6- WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES
6.1 Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)
6.2 Pest Management (OP 4.09)
6.3 Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)
6.4 Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04)
6.5 Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)
7 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE
7.1 Legal Framework
7.1.1 Adherence to International and Regional Conventions and Protocols
7.1.2 Approval of Domestic Policy and Legal Instruments
7.2 Institutional Framework
8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONCERNS OF TARGETED AREAS
9 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
9.1 Potential adverse environmental and social impacts
9.2 Other potential adverse socio-economic impacts
9.3 Potential positive impacts
9.4 Measures to mitigate negative impacts
10 GUIDELINES FOR SUB-PROJECT SCREENING, PREPARATION, APPRAISAL, APPROVAL AND MONITORING
10.1 Screening of Project Activities and Sites
10.2 Assigning the Appropriate Environmental and Social Categories
10.3 Carrying out Environmental and Social Work
10.4 Environmental and Social Checklist:
10.5 Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA)
10.6 Subproject Review and Approval
10.7 Participatory Public Consultation and Disclosure
10.8 Annual Monitoring Reports and review
10.9 Environmental and Social Audit
10.10 Other Important Issues
10.10.1 Integration and harmonization with the district land use plans
11 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
11.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
11.2 Pest Management Plan
11.3 Involuntary Resettlement (Resettlement Action Plan)
12 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
12.1 Institutional Capacity Assessment and Analysis
12.2 Proposed Training and Awareness Programs
12.3. Technical Assistance (TA)
13 ESMF MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
14 PROPOSED ESTIMATED IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET.
References
List of Figures
Figure 1: Overview of the Project Area (Zambezi Valley and Nacala Corridor)
Figure 2: The main development corridors in Mozambique
Figure 3: The Districts of the Zambezi Valley
Figure 4: The Project districts in Nacala Corridor
Figure 5: Angonia growth pole
Figure 6: Nacala growth pole
Figure 7: Various water uses in the Zambezi Valley (Shire River)
Figure 8: Men and women selling maize in the informal markets of Tete City
Figure 9: Land use planning session in Morrumbala District (Zambezia Province)
List of Tables
Table 1: Population of the Zambezi Valley by districts
Table 2: Population of Nacala Corridor by districts
Table 3: Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project
Table 4: Measures to mitigate negative impacts
Table 5: Estimated budget for ESMF implementation
List of Annexes
Annex 1: Status Quo of Preparation of District Land Use Plans in the Project Area (provinces)
Annex 2: Environmental and Social Screening Form for subprojects
Annex 3: Preliminary Environmental Information Sheet
Annex 4: Checklist for environmental and social impacts
Annex 5: Environmental and Social Clauses
Annex 6: Summary of Main Issues from the Public Participation/Consultation Process
Annex 7: Good Agricultural Practices - Hygiene and Safety
Annex 8: List and Contacts of People Consulted
Annex 9: Terms of Reference for the Formulation of the ESMF, PMP and RPF
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
The ESMF outlines a number of principles and prerogatives to be adhered to by the Government of Mozambique in the implementation of the Integrated Growth Poles Project (Project), through which the World Bank (WB) will support the Government of Mozambique (GOM) strategy for inclusive and broad-based growth.
The focus of the support will be on the two main pillars of the Government’s Plano de Acção de Redução da Pobreza (PARP, 2011-14) (i) increasing agricultural production/productivity; and (ii) employment through targeted interventions to strengthen the dynamism of the private sector to drive economic growth and accelerate job creation.
The project will be implemented in the (i) Zambeze Valley; (ii) Nacala Corridor, which due to a combination of factors are witnessing unprecedented growth fueled largely by mining (mainly coal) operations in Moatize (Tete province). Initial focus will be on two carefully selected growth poles, namely Angonia (comprising the districts of Angonia, Tsangano and Macanga districts in Tete province) and Nacala (Nacala Porto and Nacala-a-Velha city and town, respectively).
Figure 1: Overview of the Project Area (Zambezi Valley and Nacala Corridor)
In permanent and close consultation with the GOM the World Bank will ensure that the strategic interest of inclusion, diversification, creation of employment and income generating opportunities are created around the mega projects in the project area. Priority infrastructure will be identified, planned and built and training, capacity building and demonstration activities will be carried out. This will be complemented by the strengthening of the enabling environment as well as the adoption of adequate measures for intervention monitoring and evaluation.
Project Components
The project will have four main components with the following preliminary allocation of funds:
Component 1: Support for the Tete agribusiness growth pole in the Zambezi Valley (US$ 39.0 million): The objective of this component is to provide integrated support for the upgrading of targeted local infrastructure and privately-executed public investments primarily oriented towards increasing smallholder production, linking smallholder farms and MSMEs to emerging supply chains, and increasing agro-processing activities in the Zambezi Valley. The local infrastructure investments will focus on the districts of Angonia, Tsangano, and Macanga in Tete Province to upgrade two key rural roads linking agricultural areas to primary roads that will provide producers all weather access to markets. This component is subdivided into two subcomponents, namely: Sub-component 1A: Upgrading of local infrastructure (US$ 21.5 million) that will consist of the (A) Rehabilitation of Market Access Roads, and (B) Minor civil and ancillary works.Sub-component 1B: Innovation and Demonstration Catalytic Fund (IDCF) investments in the Zambezi Valley (IDA allocation: US$17.5 million, Total: US$35.0 million) to improve the ability of smallholder farms/MSMEs in the Zambezi Valley to access markets through market-oriented private and complementary public investments.
Component 2: Support for the Nacala Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the Nacala Corridor (US$ 43.0 million):The objective of this component is to provide support for the development of the Nacala Corridor. Activities are focused on (a) upgrading last-mile infrastructure for the development of the Nacala SEZ (water supply system and an access road), and (b) supporting privately-executed public investments to increase smallholder production, link smallholder farms to emerging supply chains, and increase agro-processing activities. This components is also subdivided into two subcomponents: Sub-component 2A: Upgrading of Nacala SEZ physical infrastructure (US$ 30.5 million) and Sub-component 2B: Innovation and Demonstration Catalytic Fund (IDCF) investments in the Nacala Corridor (IDA allocation US$12.5 million, Total: US$25.0 million), with similar objectives and modality as those expressed for Sub-component 1B.
Component 3: Institutional Development and Capacity Building (US$10.0 million): The objective of this component is to provide multi-year support to key public agencies to strengthen their capacity to plan, coordinate and implement public and multilateral investment programs. At the National level the focus will be on building capacity of the newly established Department of Public Investments within MPD. At the Provincial level the capacity building activities will focus on ZVDA and GAZEDA with some support for the Provincial and Municipal authorities. The component will finance (i) Training, equipment and consultancies for planning, coordination and implementation of public investment programs, (ii) training, equipment and consultancies for the ZVDA and related public sector agencies in the Zambezi Valley, and (iii) training, equipment and consultancies for GAZEDA and related public sector agencies in the Nacala Corridor.
Component 4: Project Implementation (US$8.0 million):Investments under this component will support the operations of the PCU in MPD which includes two regional Project Managers co-located in ZVDA and GAZEDA to coordinate and support Project implementation. The component will support project implementation costs including: (i) PCU staff (ii) PCU operating costs, (iii) consultants for ANE to supplement contract supervision capacity, (iv) IDCF Fund Manager and initial project preparation costs, (v) training and consulting studies (vi) data collection, compilation and analysis and establishing a Project monitoring and evaluation system, (vii) safeguards management including training, preparation of RAPs, ESIAs and ESMPs and monitoring of implementation of safeguards instruments (viii) impact evaluation.
Physical interventions will be in the form of:
- Roads, utilities, district/municipal facilities and logistics facilities including urban water supply (Nacala Porto);
- Feeder roads
- Value-adding facilities for commercial agribusiness.
Project Formulation and Implementation Arrangements
A consultative and participatory process will be adopted in the identification and selection of specific and final sub-projects to be considered for funding. Among others the provinces and districts will review their strategic development plans and ensure that relevant plans and projects become part of the Project.
The ESMF basic principles and requirements will be applied throughout the entire Projectlife cycle.
The project preparation is under the overall responsibility of MPD. A Steering Committee chaired by MPD and bringing together the main sectors involved in the Project (ZVDA, GAZEDA, MPD, MICOA, MMAS, MTC, MOPH and MINAGRI) will assist in project management and ensure that relevant stakeholders participate in its management.
Development Context
The Project happens at a time when the Mozambican economy is recordingacceleratedgrowth rates, whichare supportedby high levels ofassistance fromDevelopment Partners. Thegrowth ratesresult from theeffortsin the field ofmacroeconomic policy managementand strengtheningtheenabling environment forpromotion ofdomestic and foreignprivate investment. Economic growthhas been drivenby (i) foreign direct investment inmegaprojectsand operatinglarge-scalehigh-valueagricultural productssuch as cotton, sugar and tobacco, (ii) the favorableagricultural growth, and (iii) infrastructure rehabilitation projects, including roads.
However, despitethe remarkable growth,the country continues tobe amongthe world's poorest. The country is in the 184th position among 187 countries in terms of human development index. A number ofinstitutional andother constraintscontinue to hamper thedelivery of basic social services.
The country’s economyis characterized by avery small number ofmegaprojectson the one hand, and thefamilyand informalsector, on the other, which encourages imbalancesin developmentand affects diversification of production andaccess to the benefitsof thedevelopment bya significant proportionof the population. Investments in infrastructure such asroads, water supply and sanitation, energy, telecommunications, etc.should continue to playarole in thisprocess of stabilizationand gradualelimination ofimbalances. Strengthening micro, small and medium size enterprises (MSMEs) is seen as key to changing the prevalent situation.
The two regions that define the project area are rich and diverse in terms of the receiving physical, biological and socioeconomic environment. Interventions need to be adequately planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated to ensure that such environment is not adversely affected.
World Bank Safeguards Policiesand GOM Regulations
The objective of the ESMF is to ensure that relevant World Bank Safeguards Policies and GOM environmental and social regulations are strictly adhered to. The Project has triggered five of the World Bank’s 10+2 Safeguards Policies, namely, Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Pest Management (OP 4.09), Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12), Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) and Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11), as well as adhered to the World Bank Group General Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines (EHS), Tourism and Hospitality Development EHS Guidelines and the applicable Agribusiness/Food Production EHS Guidelines from April 2007. The ESMF has made provision to address potential concerns afferent to both OP/BP 4.04 (Natural Habitats) and OP/BP 4.11 (Physical Cultural Resources). A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared to satisfy the Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) Safeguard Policy requirements and a Pest Management Plan (PMP) has been prepared to satisfy OP 4.09 requirements. These two documents have been prepared separately and should be used together with this ESMF.
The Project will also be implemented in light of the GOM reform in the environmental sector in terms of: (a) adherence to and adoption of a series of international and regional environmental protection and conservation conventions and protocols; (b) approval of a significant set of legislations with direct and indirect implications to environmental and social protection; (c) creation of specific public institutions and/or strengthening of existing institutions dedicated to both environmental and social management in the country.
Both WB safeguards policies and GOM regulations will be applied to ensure that potential negative environmental and social impacts on land resources, soils, water resources, biodiversity, vegetation, local communities and the society at large are adequately managed and positive impacts are enhanced.
Subproject Formulation and Selection
As part of the ESMF a social and environmental screening process will help (i) determine which construction or rehabilitation activities are likely to have potential negative environmental and/or social impacts; (ii) determine the level of environmental and social work required, including whether an ESIA/ESMP or a freestanding ESMP will be required or not; (iii) determine appropriate mitigation measures for addressing adverse impacts; (iv) incorporate mitigation measures into the subprojects financed by the Project; (v) indicate the need for the preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), which would be prepared in line with the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), prepared for the Project; (vi) facilitate the review and approval of the construction and rehabilitation proposals; and (vii) provide guidance for monitoring environmental and social parameters during the implementation and operation of subproject activities.