Bashir 4

Table e-1 Clinic-based studies of volumetric changes

Authors/year / Imaging / Study population
MA MO Controls / Proportion of women, mean age
Possible correlations with migraine-related variables and p-values
Matharu et al28
(2003) / 2.0-T MRI, VBM / 11 17 28 / 93% women in the migraine group; mean age 32.5 years.
Migraineurs compared to controls: No difference in WM or GM volumes.
Rocca et al17
(2006) / 3.0-T MRI, VBM / 7 9 15 / 90% women in the migraine group; mean age 40.6 years.
Migraineurs compared to controls: Decreased GM density in the frontal and temporal lobes bilateral (p 0.05)
MA compared to MO: Increased GM density of PAG and the dorsolateral pons (p 0.05)
Correlation between GM reduction and age, disease duration and T2-visible lesions (p 0.001) (uncorrected for multiple comparisons at a voxel level).
Dasilva et al18
(2006) / 3.0-T MRI, DTI / 12 12 12 / 70% women; mean age 33 years.
Migraineurs compared to controls: Low FA in the posterior limb of the internal capsule at the proximity of the ventroposterior medial thalamus, right (p =0.004); left (p =0.001), and the corona radiate at the level of the lateral ventricle horn along the trigeminothalamic tract, right (p =0.001); left (p =0.003).
MA compared to MO: Low FA in the ventral trigeminothalamic tract bilaterally in MA, right (p =0.007); left (p =0.02), and low FA in the ventrolateral PAG in MO, right (p =0.01); left (p =0.03).
No correlation between FA and age at onset, attack frequency and disease duration.
Schmidt-Wilcke et al19 (2007) / 1.5-T MRI, VBM / 35 31 / 96% women; mean age 32.4 years.
Migraineurs compared to controls: Decreased GMV in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex and the right insular cortex (p 0.05). No changes in WMV.
No migraine-related variables are reported.
Valfré et al20
(2008) / 1.0-T MRI, VBM / 6 21 27 / 76% women; mean age 34.9 years.
Migraineurs compared to controls: Decreased GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and left precentral gyrus (p 0.05).
CM compared to EM: Decreased GMV in the bilateral ACC, left amygdale, left parietal operculum, left middle and inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral insula (p 0.05).
Correlation between GM reduction and attack frequency (p 0.05)
Kim et al21 (2008) / 1.5-T MRI, VBM / 5 15 33 / 87% women; mean age 33.8 years.
Migraineurs compared to controls: Decreased GMV in bilateral insula, motor/premotor, prefrontal, cingulate cortex, right posterior parietal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex (p 0.05).
Correlation between GM reduction and attack frequency and disease duration (p 0.05).
Schmitz et al22
(2008) / 3.0-T MRI, VBM, DTI / 8 20 28 / All women; mean age 43 years.
Migraineurs compared to controls: Decreased GM density in the frontal lobe, limbic system, parietal lobes, the basal ganglia (globus pallidus and putamen), brainstem and the cerebellum (p 0.05). Reduced FA in the superior and medial frontal lobe, the brainstem and the cerebellum (p 0.05).
Correlation between GM and WM changes and attack frequency and disease duration (p 0.05).
Schmitz et al23
(2008) / 3.0-T MRI, VBM / 8 16 24 / All women; mean age 43.5 years.
Migraineurs compared to controls: Decreased GM density in the right middle frontal and left inferior parietal lobe (p 0.05).
No migraine-related variables are reported.
Jin et al24
(2013) / 3.0-T MRI, VBM / 21 21 / 76% women; mean age 31 years.
Migraineurs compared to controls: Decreased GMV in the left medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal ACC, right occipital lobe, cerebellum and brainstem (p 0.05).
Correlation between GM changes in left dorsal ACC and disease duration (p <0.003).

MA: migraine with aura; MO: migraine without aura; GMV: grey matter volume; WMV: white matter volume; PAG: periaqueductal grey; CM: chronic migraine; EM: episodic migraine; ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; FA: fractional anisotropy