Chapter II – Thermal Energy Saving and Thermal Protection in Buildings

Unified Construction Code of Republic of Kosovo

Section 3 – Buildings Thermal Energy Saving and Thermal Protection in Buildings

I. COMMON PROVISIONS

1.1.

Goal and the field of implementation

1.1.1. This Technical Regulation (hereinafter: Regulation), regulates technical requirements for thermal energy saving and thermal protection. Requirements relate to:

1.1.1.1. New building projects, and

1.1.1.2. Existing buildings adoption and reconstruction projects with internal heating temperatures of more than 12ºC.

1.1.2. This Regulation regulates technical specifications and other specifications of construction products used for building construction for the purpose of thermal energy saving and thermal protection.

1.2.

1.2.1. Requirements, from this Regulation, related to thermal protection in buildings during summer, are implemented in harmony to building destination and new building projects, respectively existing building adoption and reconstruction project not needing heat during winter or heated up to 12ºC temperature.

1.2.2. Requirements, from this Regulation, related to prevention of construction damages occurring due to evaporated water condensation, are implemented in new building projects and adoption and reconstruction of old buildings , for which the heating is not foreseen or which are heated up 12ºC.

1.3.

1.3.1. This regulation does not apply for:

1.3.1.1. Workshops, production halls and storages staying open for more than half of working time and without protection curtains blocking air from outside;

1.3.1.2. Greenhouses used in agriculture;

1.3.1.3. Tents and other temporary constructions, frequently mounted and non-mounted;

1.3.1.4. Simple constructions defined with specific regulations.

1.4.

Definitions

1.4.1. Specific terminology that is being used in this Regulation denotes the following:

- “Building” – construction with walls and roof using the energy for realising climate conditions designated for housing and/or other purposes and consisting: building complex, instalments, fitting equipment and building space.

- “Housing building” – building entirety or more than 50% of the overall space of the building designated for housing purpose. Housing building also means apartment buildings in tourist areas.

- “Non-housing building” – building not consisting housing space or building consisting less than 50% of net space designated for housing purpose.

- “Non-housing building of economic purpose” – building designated for economic, agriculture, production activity (example: industry production halls, storages, building designated for agricultural economy etc.).

- “Non-housing building of public purpose” – every building of non-housing or non-economic purpose (example: building of administrative activity of physical and legal persons, court, prison and similar building, state administrative building, military barrack, international institution, economic association, savings bank and other financial organisation, business building, restaurant, hotel, tourist agency, railway, road building, air traffic, post, telecommunication and similar, high education and similar school, nurseries, kindergarten, student hostels, elderly houses and similar, sports buildings and similar, cinemas, theatres, museums and similar, hospitals, other health, religious and similar protection institutions, hair salons, tailoring, shoemaker buildings and similar.

- “Floor “- part of the building between two constructions (floor – ceiling). Floor has the meaning of: basement, ground floor, floor, ceiling and similar.

- “Heated space” – space with inner temperature projected higher than 12ºC, directly or indirectly heated with the heating body due to reciprocally linked heated spaces. All heated spaces make the building heated section.

- “Building construction section” – Building entirety main section (wall, floor, ceiling and similar).

- “Heated building section covering space A (m²)” – total space of constructed section separating the building heated section from outside, land or non-heated building sections, defined according to EN ISO 13789:2000, APPENDIX A, for external dimension cases.

- "Heated building section capacity, Ve (m3), - heated building section gross capacity, covered by space A.

- “Heated air capacity, V (m³)” – heated building section net capacity of the air existing. This capacity is defined based on internal proportions or approx. term V = 0,76·Ve for up to three floor buildings, respectively V = 0,8·Ve for other cases.

- “Building shape factor, f0 = A/Ve (m-1)” - covering area quotient A (m²) and building heated area capacity Ve (m3).

- “Thermal bridge” – little area (space) in building covering heated section through which heating flow changes because of material change, thickness or geometrical shape of it.

- “Building using space, AK (m2)” - net floor area of building heated section. For housing buildings it can be defined according to approx. term AK = 0,32Ve.

- “Involvement of window surface to the whole front surface, f (-)” - is the quotient of window surface, balcony door and transparent elements (construction openings) in façade with total front surface (wall + windows,..). Roof window surface is added to heated sub roof window surface, and roof inclined surface to which windows are placed is added to the total front surface.

- “Protection mechanism from sun radiation reducing factor, FC (-)” – quotient of average sun energy entering to the building through the window with protection mechanism from sun radiation and the sun energy, entering into building through window without this mechanism.

- “External temperature Θe (ºC)” - external air temperature according to data from APPENDIX “E” of the nearest meteorological station.

- “Internal temperature projected Θi (°C)” – Internal air temperature for the space foreseen in the project.

- “Yearly temperature needed for heating, Qh (kW·h/a)” – specific calculated temperature quantity needed for heating the building in a year, that heating system shall keep internal temperature projected.

- “Lost heating coefficient with transmission, HT (W/K) – quotient of heating afflux carried to external area from heated building through transmission and internal and external temperature change projected.

- “Coefficient of ventilation heating energy lost HV (W/K)” – quotient of heating afflux carried from heated building to external area through replacing internal air with external air (ventilation) and internal and external projected temperature change.

- “Number of air replacement, n (h-1)” – number of building heated air replaced with external air per hour.

- “Temperature control equipment” – equipment controlling internal temperature in heated space (example: thermostat valve).

- “Regeneration energy sources” – sun energy, wind energy, geometrical energy, biomass etc.

1.5.

1.5.1. This Regulation contains the following Appendixes:

1.5.1.1. APPENDIX “A” European Norms and other technical specifications of calculation and inspection of building elements and building entirety in the aspect of thermal energy saving and thermal protection requirements to be accomplished upon new construction projects, reconstruction and adaptation of existing buildings for which this Regulation is dedicated to.

1.5.1.2. APPENDIX “B” European Norms and other technical specifications regarding thermal protection and thermal isolation characteristics of construction materials.

1.5.1.3. APPENDIX “C” the largest values coefficient of heating carried, U [W/(m2·K)], for building construction sections to be accomplished prior to new building projecting, reconstruction and adaptation of existing buildings and technical characteristic values of indicated calculation foreseen in this Regulation.

1.5.1.4. APPENDIX “D” indicative forms of temperature needed for heating the building up to 18ºC or more and indication of building heating needed in temperature from 12ºC to 18ºC under article 49, paragraph 1, of this Regulation.

1.5.1.5. APPENDIX “E” meteorological quantities for meteorological stations (hereinafter the ‘stations’) needed for building physical calculations in the aspect of energy saving and protection from temperature.

1.6.

1.6.1. If new building project, respectively reconstruction or adaptation of the existing building in the aspect of thermal energy saving and thermal protection is drafted in harmony to this project, then the building is considered to have accomplished important terms in the aspect of “thermal energy saving and protection”, defined in the Law on Construction.

1.6.2. The term of building use in the aspect of thermal energy saving and thermal protection is at least 50 years, unless foreseen differently by other Law on Construction Regulation.

II. NEW BUILDINGS REQUIREMENTS

2.1.

New buildings requirements with heating temperature of 18º C and more

2.1.1.The housing building with temperature heating of 18ºC and more foreseen, shall be projected and constructed so that yearly heating needed for building used area Qh'' [kW·h/(m2·a)], depending on building shape factor f0, is not higher than values:

2.1.1.1. For f0 ≤ 0,2 Qh'' = 51,31 kW·h/(m2·a)

2.1.1.2. For 0,20 < f0 < 1,05 Qh'' = (41,03+51,41·f0) kW·h/(m2·a)

2.1.1.3. For f0 ≥ 1,05 Qh'' = 95,01 kW·h/(m2·a).

2.2.

2.2.1Non housing building with heating up to 18ºC and more foreseen, then it shall be projected and constructed so that yearly heating needed in a building capacity unit Qh' [(kW·h/(m3·a)], depending on building shape factor f0, is not higher than values:

2.2.1.1. For f0 ≤ 0,20 Qh' = 16,42 kW·h/(m3·a)

2.2.1.2. For 00,20 < f0 < 1,05 Qh' = (13,13+16,45·f0) kW·h/(m3·a)

2.2.1.3. f0 ≥ 1,05 Qh' = 30,40 kW·h/(m3·a).

2.3.

2.3.1. Housing building shall be projected and constructed so that the lost heat transmission coefficient per heated area unit in building sections HT'=HT/A [W/(m2·K)], depending on building shape factor f0, is not higher than values defined in equation:

2.3.1.1. HT' = 0,45 + 0,15/f0, where the average monthly air temperature, on coldest month, in building area is > 3ºC, respectively

2.3.1.2. HT' = 0,30 + 0,15/f0, where the average monthly air temperature, on coldest month, in building area is > 3ºC.

2.3.1.3. Value HT' that according to equation under paragraph 1 of this article is gained per f0 = 0, 20 m-1, is also applied for f0 < 0, 20 m-1. Value HT' that according to equation under paragraph 1 of this article is gained per f0 = 1, 05m-1, is also applied for f0 > 1, 05 m-1.

2.3.2. Definitions under paragraph 1 and 2 of this article, also apply for non-housing buildings to which window area participation to total façade area is f ≤ 30%.

2.3.3. The average monthly external air temperature under paragraph 1 of this article is absorbed for the nearest station of APPENDIX E data (according to Kosovo hydro meteorological stations) of this Regulation.

2.4.

2.4.1. Non housing building of which window area participation (f) is higher than 30% of total external wall surface of the building (meaning f d > f, f > 30 %), shall be designed and constructed so that the lost heat transmission coefficient per heated area unit in building sections, HT' = HT/A [W/(m2·K)], depending on building shape factor f0, in not higher than values defined with equation:

2.4.1.1. HT' = 0,45 + 0,24/f0 where the average monthly air temperature, on coldest month, in building area is > 3ºC, respectively

2.4.1.2. HT' = 0,35 + 0,24/f0 where the average monthly air temperature, on coldest month, in building area is 3ºC.

2.4.2. Value HT' that according to equation under paragraph 1 of this article is gained per f0 = 0,20 m-1 applies also for f0 < 0,20 m-1. Value HT' that according to equation under paragraph 1 of this article is gained per f0 = 1,05 m-1, applies also for f0 > 1,05 m-1.

2.4.3. Average monthly eternal air temperature under paragraph 1 of this article under paragraph 1 of this article is absorbed for the nearest station of APPENDIX E data (according to Kosovo hydro meteorological stations) of this Regulation.

2.5.

Yearly heating needed for building heating, Qh (kW·h/a), is calculated in harmony to European Norms EN 832:2000, monthly calculation method according to the following terms:

2.5.1. For calculation of heating lost, Ql, for buildings with air conditioner equipment and non-housing buildings of economic purpose with internal temperature, Θi , values applied in the project apply;

2.5.2. For calculation of heating lost, Ql, for buildings without air conditioner equipment and non-public housing buildings, it is supposed that the lowest internal temperature projected is Θi = 20ºC;

2.5.3. In cases of heating switch off, heating lost Ql, is calculated so that internal temperature projected is replaced with the average internal temperature;

2.5.4. Gaining internal heat, Ql, is calculated with the value 5 W/m2 of building used area, unless defined otherwise with other regulations;

2.5.5. In calculation of gaining solar energy heating Qs, non-translucent areas of constructive external areas exposed to sun heating are not considered, whereas areas brightness rate in translucent surfaces is taken into account;

2.5.6. Calculation of lost heating ventilation coefficient HV, number of air replacement, is defined according to EN832/2000 and EN 832/AC: 2004 APPENDIX A, for average non air infiltration level for building cover. If there are no accurate data, additional air source in comparison to the wind and increase Vx, cannot be calculated to the value Vx = 0,2·Ve (m3/h);

2.5.7. For effective (thermal) heating capacity C (W·h/K), of the building heated section used to defining received heating use rate, approximate values used is allowed, received according to equation C = 15·Ve [W·h/(m3·K)], for buildings with mainly simple internal walls, with loose ceiling, and for high halls, respectively according to equation C = 50·Ve, [W·h/(m3·K)], for buildings will massive external walls without loose ceiling, use of these approximate exponents will be applied in project sections of technical building solution in the aspect of thermal energy saving and thermal protection;

2.5.8. In calculation of heating lost coefficient with transmission HT, additional heating lost for building sections with surface heating mounted HT is defined according to norms EN 832:2000 and EN 832/AC:2004, APPENDIX A;

2.5.9. In calculation of heating los, garage area joined with heated building area, it is considered as an external area.

2.6.

Yearly heating needed restrictions under provisions of article 7 and 8 of this Regulation do not apply for:

2.6.1. Buildings with not less than 70% of heating consuming from individual energy generated sources;

2.6.2. Buildings that more than half of lost thermal quantity compensate with technologic process internal heating sources.

2.7.

2.7.1. Building areas over heating from sun heating during summer shall be prevented with adequate technical solution.

2.7.2. When overheating under paragraph 1 of this article is prevented with technical solution like sun heating protection equipment of building cover translucent elements and if participation of window area to the total façade area is higher than 20% from west-south up to east orientated facades , respectively 30% for northeast through north to north west orientated facades, respectively 15% for roof windows (window inclination to horizontal from 0º - 60º), then for façade inspected, respectively roof, the product of total energy emission through glass, including sun heating protection equipment foreseen gtot, and participation of window area to the total façade area inspected f, shall accomplish the following term: