Alec Droussiotis, Juan Cadavid, Adam Iacovelli Skeletal System
Skeletal System Vocabulary
Structure and Function Vocabulary
1. Spine – the spinal or vertebral column; backbone
2. Cranium – the part of the skull that encloses the brain
3. White Blood Cells - any of various nearly colorless cells of the immune system that circulate mainly in the blood and lymph and participate in reactions to invading microorganisms or foreign particles, comprising the B cells, T cells, macrophages, monocytes, and granulocytes.
4. Bone marrow – The soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells.
5. Pelvis - the basinlike cavity in the lower part of the trunk of many vertebrates, formed in humans by the innominate bones, sacrum, etc.
6. Rib Cage – the enclosure formed by the ribs and their connecting bones.
7. Femur - a bone in the human leg extending from the pelvis to the knee, that is the longest, largest, and strongest in the body; thighbone.
8. Ulna – the bone of the forearm on the side opposite to the thumb.
9. Radius – the bone of the forearm on the thumb side.
10. Humerus - the long bone in the arm of humans extending from the shoulder to the elbow.
Diseases and Disorders
1. Osteoporosis- a disorder in which the bones become increasingly porous, brittle, and subject to fracture, owing to loss of calcium and other mineral components, sometimes resulting in pain, decreased height, and skeletal deformities: common in older persons, primarily postmenopausal women, but also associated with long-term steroid therapy and certain endocrine disorders.
2. Arthritis-acute or chronic inflammation of a joint, often accompanied by pain and structural changes and having diverse causes, as infection, crystal deposition, or injury.
3.Scoliosis-an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
4.Fracture-the breaking of a bone, cartilage, or the like, or the resulting condition
5.Osteomyelitis- an inflammation of the bone and bone marrow, usually caused by bacterial infection.
6. Cartilage-a firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue of a translucent whitish or yellowish color; gristle.
7. Infection-an act or fact of infecting; state of being infected.
8. Pain-physical suffering or distress, as due to injury, illness
9. Antibiotics-any of a large group of chemical substances, as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by various microorganisms and fungi, having the capacity in dilute solutions to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms, used chiefly in the treatment of infectious diseases.
10. Surgery-the art, practice, or work of treating diseases, injuries, or deformities by manual or operative procedures.
Sudden Illness and Fist Aid
1. Radiation Therapy-treatment of disease by means of x-rays or of radioactive substances.
2. Calcium- A mineral found mainly in the hard part of bones, where it is stored
3. Cavity- any fluid filled space in a multicellular organism.
4. Sprain- an injury to a ligament or to the tissue that covers a joint. Most sprains result from a sudden wrench that stretches or tears the tissues of the ligaments. A sprain is usually extremely painful. The injured part often swells and turns black and blue
5. Tendinitis- a disorder involving stiffness or pain in the muscles or joints. It is often called rheumatism.
6. Kyphosis- also called hunchback is a forward bending of the spine. Kyphosis is caused by any condition that deforms the bones of the upper part of the spine so that the person is bent forward. Diseases that cause kyphosis include tuberculosis, syphilis, and rheumatoid arthritis
7. Poliomyelitis- is a serious infection caused by a virus. A polio virus may attack the nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord, causing paralysis. Some patients show only mild symptoms, such as fever, headache, sore throat, and vomiting. Symptoms may disappear after about a day
8. Chemotherapy- a number of drugs have proven to be effective in treating bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The dosages required to provide a good chance for cure often produce significant side effects. Effective single agents may include doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, high-dose methotrexate (with leucovorin rescue), ifosfamide, dacarbazine, vincristine, dactinomycin (Actinomycin D), etoposide and investigational agents. Combinations of these drugs are often used.
9. Biphosphonates- are drugs that can be used to reduce bone pain and slow down bone damage in people who have cancer that has spread to their bones
10. Barium- soft, white and is used to view the alimentary system in X-rays.