Study Guide 8th grade Final:

  1. Jackson’s Presidency was best known for expansion of voting rights.
  2. In the early 1800’s, farming, agriculture and trade were more important to the South than manufacturing.
  3. The North and the South found the most agreement with Indian removal.
  4. The Nullification Crisis began with arguments over the Tariff of Abominations.
  5. In Worcester v. Georgia, Jackson refused to protect the rights of Cherokee Indians.
  6. The first machines of the Industrial Revolution were powered by water.
  7. The Transportation revolution did all of the following: reduced time and cost of shipping products; created a boom in business and agriculture; made travel upstream on rivers faster and easier.
  8. Cotton production increased because of the cotton gin.
  9. Interchangeable parts resulted in the mass production of goods.
  10. Social movements in the mid-1800 resulted in efforts at reforming society.
  11. Nativists supported laws that prohibited immigrants from holding public office.
  12. Manifest Destiny means “obvious fate”.
  13. The election of JQA in 1824 was called the corrupt bargain because he appointed Henry Clay to a cabinet post after he backed out of the election and gave his votes to JQA.
  14. The Monroe Doctrine states that European nations could no longer establish colonies in North and South America.
  15. The poor treatment of workers in factories and mines resulted in the establishment of labor unions.
  16. Territories acquired through manifest destiny include: Louisiana Purchase, Texas, Oregon Territory, Mexican Cession, Gadsden Purchase.
  17. The Compromise of 1850 included: California was admitted as a free state; Slave trade was ended in Washington DC; and a Strict Fugitive Slave law was passed.
  18. Harriett Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was influential because it showed the inhumanity of slavery to a wide audience.
  19. The Kansas-Nebraska Act opened the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to popular Sovereignty.
  20. Lincoln ran against Stephen Douglass for the Illinois Senate seat and they met in a famous series of famous debates.
  21. John Brown, Martyr to the cause of Abolition, was responsible for the Harper’s Ferry Incident in 1859.
  22. The election of Lincoln made Southerners feel that the government was now against their best interests especially in the area of slavery.
  23. As the demand for cotton increased in the 1800’s, so did the demand for slaves driving up the price of slaves in slave markets in the United States.
  24. The geographical, economic, and cultural differences between the North and the South are known as Sectionalism.
  25. The Civil War began when the Confederates opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charlestown, South Carolina.
  26. The most important advantage for the South during the war was their knowledge of their own territories and countryside where most of the battles were fought.
  27. The Emancipation Proclamation, which freed slaves in the Confederacy (the South), was issued after the Battle of Antietam.
  28. General Grant’s success in battle and war was attributed to his ability to supply his army and his willingness to use superior numbers to overwhelm the Confederate army.
  29. General Sherman used the concept of Total War in his “march to the sea” to break the will of the Southern people and reduce their ability to supply their troops (he burned everything).
  30. The two battles considered turning p[points in the Civil war are: Gettysburg and Vicksburg.
  31. “A rich man’s war and a poor man’s fight” refers to the idea that during the Civil war a man could escape the draft by paying someone to take his place.
  32. The Civil War is seen as a fight over a State’s Right to own slaves, Secession and Sectionalism.
  33. Robert E. Lee surrendered his army in Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House in 1865.
  34. The ‘new birth of freedom” stated by Lincoln refers to all Americans, but especially to emancipated (freed) slaves.