Georgia Performance Standard strands
End of Course Test Study Guide
SUSSH1.a
Explain Virginia’s development, including the Virginia Company, tobacco cultivation, relationships with the Native Americans such as Powhatan, development of the House of Burgesses, Bacon's Rebellion, and the development of slavery.
ANSWER:
- Businesses are trying to increase the number of VA companies selling overseas and their volume of international business
- Tobacco was cultivated annually. It was grown in warm climates with rich, well-drained soil. 4.2 million hectares of tobacco were under cultivation worldwide in 2000, yielding over 7 million tones of tobacco
- The Indians had mixed feelings for the English. The first reaction from them was hostility. Soon though, they were offering food as well as treatment
- The House of Burgesses was the establishment of a legislative assembly. This developed paths of colonization to Spain and France
- The Bacon’s Rebellion built more prosperous, livable, and sustainable regions in the commonwealth of VA
- Early on Africans were treated as indentured servants. Over time, their status in Colonial America evolved into that of property.
SSUSH1.b
What was the settlement of New England?
1620, about 102 people, including about fifty Pilgrims seek religious freedom and
Set sail from England to America. Many of these Pilgrims were Separatists that wanted to establish their own church, independent of the Anglican Church, (The Official Church of England). The Virginia Company had allowed the Pilgrims to settle in Virginia in return for half of all there future profits. The colonists settled in Plymouth near Cape Cod Bay and believing because they settled outside the chartered area, they could establish laws for themselves.
What was there relation with the Native Americans?
Much like Virginia, the New England settlers depended on the Native American people for there trade and for learning ways of adapting to the new land. The Europeans caused loss of land and home, and brought with them the smallpox illness to the Native Americans. The conflict between the European settlers and the Native Americans was inevitable. In 1675, the Wampanoag people were hoping to clear all European settlers from there homeland, led by Metacomet or also known to the settlers as King Philip, they waged into a war on expanding settlements in Southern New England. The settlers found allies in the expanding Mohawks to the west, who attacked the Wampanoag people. A New England Indian fought on the settler’s side and killed Metacomet in 1676, which ended the King Philip’s War, causing a paved way for future expansion of colonial settlements in New England.
What were the effects of the Pilgrims religious tension?
A New England Colony, Rhode Island was established as a corporate colony and received a Royal "Charter of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations" in 1663. The Charter established complete religious freedom in Rhode Island, which was unusual at the time, and later formed the basis for similar provisions in the U.S. Constitution. The Puritans came to America to establish religious freedom, yet they had little tolerance for those who did not share their beliefs. By the mid–1600s, the Puritan ideal was under pressure to change. In 1662, church ministers agreed to the “Half-Way Covenant.” With this, children of church members were admitted as “half-way” members, allowing them to be baptized into the church but denying them the right to vote or take communion. A fear of witchcraft pervaded New England during the late 1600s. The hysteria over witchcraft reached a climax in the Puritan village of Salem. In 1692, dozens of men, women, and children were accused of witchcraft and placed in the Salem jail. Before the hysteria ended some ten months later, nineteen people were found guilty of practicing witchcraft during the Salem Witch trials and were hanged.
What caused the loss of the Massachusetts charter?
1629, a group of non-Separatist Puritans formed their own joint-stock company, the
Massachusetts Bay Company, and secured a charter from King Charles I for land north of the Plymouth Colony. The charter allowed for a civil government, called the General
Court, which had the power to levy taxes and elect the governor and his assistants. This system was similar in structure to Parliament, Britain’s legislative body. In
1684, the Massachusetts Bay Colony lost its charter when Massachusetts openly violated the Navigation Acts, passed by England in 1660, 1663, and 1673, all meant to impose trade restrictions on the colonies.
SSUSH1 .c
Explain the development of the mid-Atlantic colonies including the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam and subsequent English takeover, and the settlement of Pennsylvania.
A. Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam
· Capital of New Netherlands
· Built to protect & to trade beaver skins for West Indian Company
B. English takeover of New Amsterdam
· 1644- British took over colony & renamed it New York
· Because of British & Dutch mixture, the colony tolerated several different religions
· Diverse population kept alive this center of trade & commerce
· British invited Dutch to remain there
C. Settlement of Pennsylvania
· Territory between New England & Virginia
· Founded by Quakers; led by William Penn
SSUSH1.d
Explain the reasons for French settlement of Quebec.
Answer:
A. First permanent French settlement in North America
B. Instructed their colonists to spread the Catholic faith in the New World
C. Settled colonies to secure the valuable natural resources of North America and export them back to Europe
SSUSH2.a
Explain the development of mercantilism and the trans-Atlantic trade.
Answer:
A.Development of mercantilism
· Definition of mercantilism:an economic system whereby countries take actions to maintain the largest possible gold reserves by minimizing imports, maximizing exports, and developing colonies and maintaining a favorable balance of trade
· Purpose: bring wealth and self-sufficiency to the mother country utilizing the resources of its colonies
· A favorable balance of trade is when the value of a countries exports is greater than the value of its imports
B. Trans-Atlantic trade
· Also known as triangular trade
· Controlled by England
SSUSH2.b
Describe the Middle Passage, growth of the African population and African-American culture.
Answer: The middle passage was the journey taken by millions of slaves. It refers to the transportation of the African people from Africa to the new world as part of the Atlantic slave trade and was also the middle portion of the triangular trade voyage. About 25-30 million Africans were taken to America, because of this a lot of them had lost there African culture and had to adopt a new one.
SSUSH2.c
Identify Benjamin Franklin as a Symbol of social mobility and individualism.
Answer: As a scientist, he was a major figure in the Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As a diplomat during the American Revolution he secured the French alliance that helped to make independence of the United States possible. His colorful life and legacy of scientific and political achievement, and status as one of America's most influential Founding Fathers, has seen Franklin honored as a symbol of social mobility and individualism and this is just a couple of things he has done.
SSUSH2.d
Explain the significance of the Great Awakening.
Answer: The First Great Awakening, occurring around 1730 to 1760, had a profound impact on the course of the United States, especially during the latter half of the Eighteenth Century. Although not widely spoken of in modern times, the Great Awakening was a movement rooted in spiritual growth which brought a national identity to Colonial America. The Awakening's biggest significance was the way it prepared America for its War of Independence
SSUSH3.a
Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French- Indian War, and the 1763 Treaty of Paris, laid the groundwork for the American Revolution.
Answer: British laws continued to erode the feeling of the colonists. They began their colonization as being loyal to the crown but as more laws and the restrictions were passed colonists began to feel a need for self- governance.
SSUSH3.b
Explain colonial response to such British actions such as the Proclamation of 1763 Stamp Act, and the intolerable acts seen in Sons and Daughters of Liberty, and Committees of Correspondence.
Answer: A lot of tensions increased with the proclamation of 1763, and some of the Americans were forbidden from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to limit their conflicts with Native Americans.
SSUSH3.c
Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence.
Answer: Common Sense blamed the suffering of the colonies directly on George III, the British monarch. Since it was in the form of a simple pamphlet, it was easily spread and motivated people who were nonchalant before they read it. It sparked the colonists to strengthen and unite and advocated the American Declaration of Independence.
SSUSH4.
The student will identify the ideology, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.
Answer: Colonists did not want to pay taxes to Britain because their economy could not grow when Britain controlled them. In stead of being under the rule of a King they wanted to create a democracy. The Sugar, Quartering, and Stamp Acts and Taxation without representation truly began the American Revolution. In 1775 colonial leaders began to stockpile arms and ammunition, and then war erupted at Lexington and Concord.
SSUSH4.a
Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources including the writing of John Locke and Montesquieu of the declaration of Independence and the role of Thomas Jefferson.
Answer: Britain committed many wrongs again the US. Thomas Jefferson wrote the declaration of Independence. John Locke was a British philosopher who had many theories about independence. He strongly believed in the natural rights of people. The Declaration included a list of reason why we should separate from Britain and how it should be done.
SSUSH4.b
Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette.
Answer: The significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance during the American Revolution was that it allowed greater freedom of movement of American forces because the French Navy required the attention of the British Navy; therefore, the British Navy was more focus on fighting French Navy on the sea instead of looking in to the Continental Army’s movement. Marquis de Lafayette also provided military expertise.
SSUSH4.c
Analyze George Washington as a military leader including the creation of a professional military and the life of a common soldier, crossing the Delaware River, and Valley Forge.
Answer: The Continental Army owed much to Washington’s leadership. He realized that to preserve his Continental Army from destruction, he could not risk all on a major battle under unfavorable conditions it mean he is the intelligent military leader. Back in Pennsylvania, Washington’s army spent the harsh and hungry winter of 1777 to 1778 at Valley Forge outside of Philadelphia. Because of George Washington’s ability to motivate his troops, the army held together through the harsh winter in Valley Forge.
SSUSH4.d
Explain Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis and the treaty of Paris, 1783.
Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown in the last major battle of the revolutionary war, which lead to the signing of the Treaty of Paris and the end of the revolutionary war.
SSHUS5.a
Explain how weaknesses in the articles of confederation and Daniel shays’ rebellion lead to a call for a stronger central government.
Southern states were trying to succeed from union which ultimately led the need for a stronger central government
SSUSH5.b
Q: Evaluate the major arguments of the anti-Federalists and Federalists during the debate on ratification of the Constitution put forth in the Federalists Papers concerning form of government, factions, checks and balances and the power of the executive including the roles of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
Answer: Anti-Federalist argued not to ratify the Constitution because they said it gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the state governments, there was no bill of rights, the national government could maintain an army in peacetime, Congress, because of the `necessary and proper clause,' wielded too much power, and the executive branch held too much power.
Federalists answered by saying; the separation of powers into three independent branches protected the rights of the people. Each branch represents a different aspect of the people, and because all three branches are equal, no one group can assume control over another. A listing of rights can be a dangerous thing. If the national government were to protect specific listed rights, what would stop it from violating rights other than the listed ones? Since we can't list all the rights, the Federalists argued that it's better to list none at all.
SUSSH5.c
Q: Explain the key features of the Constitution, specifically Great Compromise, separation of powers, limited government, and the issue of slavery.
Answer:
· The Great Compromise is when Sherman suggested that each state would send an equal number of representatives to the Senate and one representative to the House for each 30,000 residents of the state.
· The separation of powers is the political doctrine which the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government are kept distinct, to prevent abuse of power. This is associated with the Checks and Balances
· The Constitution limited the government to keep it from intervening with anything other than what was necessary.
SSUSH5.d
Analyze how the Bill of Rights serves as a protector of individual and states rights.
Individual: the Bill of Rights prohibits congress from making laws against your freedom of religion, right to bear arms, depriving you of life, liberty, or property, etc.
States: the Bill of Rights protects the states in the 14th amendment. At first the Bill of Rights had banned slavery, but left the choice of racial segregation up to the states.
SSUSH5.e
Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams including the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton).
George Washington: Washington’s presidency was very important for the fact that it began a significant leadership role of the U.S. It also set a standard for future presidents. While president he signed many important acts such as, Bank Act of 1971, Coinage Act of 1792, & Naval Act of 1794 and many more. He also signed the Whiskey Act of 1791, which taxed whiskey. This made many people mad, so they began to rebel. The rebellion then led to formation of political parties. And with Jefferson’s Republican Party they repealed the tax.