Review Packet #1 Cell Biology (Topic 1)

Review Packet #1 –Cell Biology (Topic 1)

1.What is essential for diffusion?

A.A concentration gradient

B.A selectively permeable membrane

C.A source of energy

D.A protein

(Total 1 mark)

2.In the diagram below macromolecules are being transported to the exterior of a cell.

What is the name of this process?

A.Exocytosis

B.Pinocytosis

C.Endocytosis

D.Phagocytosis

(Total 1 mark)

3.Which of the following is a characteristic of organelles?

A.They are only found in eukaryotic cells

B.They are only found in prokaryotic cells

C.They are sub-cellular structures

D.They are all membrane bound

(Total 1 mark)

4.If a red blood cell has a diameter of 8 m and a student shows it with a diameter of 40 mm in a drawing, what is the magnification of the drawing?

A.× 0.0002

B.× 0.2

C.× 5

D.× 5000

(Total 1 mark)

5.Which phases of mitosis are shown in diagrams I and II?

III

I / II
A. / metaphase / prophase
B. / metaphase / telophase
C. / anaphase / prophase
D. / anaphase / metaphase

(Total 1 mark)

6.What is facilitated diffusion?

A.The passive movement of a particle through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.

B.The passive movement of a particle across a cell membrane via a channel protein.

C.The movement of a particle down a concentration gradient helped by active pumping.

D.The movement of a particle up a concentration gradient helped by active pumping.

(1)

7.Which of the following is required for osmosis to occur?

A.An enzyme

B.A fully permeable membrane

C.ATP

D.A solute concentration gradient

(1)

8.Colchicine is a chemical substance that prevents the formation of microtubules. What stage of mitosis would be prevented, if dividing cells were treated with colchicine?

A.Breaking down of the nuclear membrane

B.Replication of DNA

C.Separation of genetically identical chromosomes (chromatids)

D.Supercoiling of chromosomes

(Total 1 mark)

9.Which of the following processes take place during interphase?

I.Respiration

II.Active transport

III.Protein synthesis

IV.Replication of DNA

A.I only

B.I and II only

C.I, II and III only

D.I, II, III and IV

(Total 1 mark)

10.The width of a human hair is 0.1 mm. What is the width in m?

A.10 m

B.100 m

C.1000 m

D.10 000 m

(Total 1 mark)

11.If a cell plate is beginning to form and nuclei are re-forming at opposite ends of a cell, what kind of cell is this?

A.An animal cell in prophase

B.A plant cell in prophase

C.An animal cell in telophase

D.A plant cell in telophase

(Total 1 mark)

12.The diagram below shows a channel protein in a membrane. Which parts of the surface of the protein would be composed of polar amino acids.

A.I and II only

B.II and III only

C.III and IV only

D.I and IV only

(Total 1 mark)

13.Which statements are characteristics of diffusion through membranes?

I.Polysaccharides can be transported.

II.It can be facilitated by special channels.

III.It is affected by concentration gradients.

A.I and II only

B.I and III only

C.II and III only

D.I, II and III

(Total 1 mark)

14.The diagram below shows part of a plasma membrane. What label should be used for structure I?

A.Peripheral protein

B.Phospholipid

C.Cholesterol

D.Integral protein

(Total 1 mark)

15.Which of the following are associated with mitosis?

I.Tissue repair
II.Chiasmata
III.Asexual reproduction

A.I and II only

B.I and III only

C.II and III only

D.I, II, and III

(Total 1 mark)

16.What is the correct order of increasing size for the following biological structures?

I.The width of a virus

II.The width of a bacterium

III.The thickness of a cell surface membrane

IV.The diameter of a eukaryotic cell

A.I  III  II  IV

B.I  III  IV  II

C.III  I  II  IV

D.III  II  I  IV

(Total 1 mark)

17.Which of the following structures are present in both plant and animal cells?

I.Cell wall

II.Chloroplast

III.Mitochondrion

A.I only

B.I and II only

C.I and III only

D.III only

(Total 1 mark)

18.In viewing an electron micrograph of a cell, ribosomes, pili and a single circular chromosome are observed. What other structure is likely to be present?

A.The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

B.Mitochondria

C.A nuclear membrane

D.A plasmid (Total 1 mark)

19.(a)Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis.

......

(1)

(b)Explain how the properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of the cell surface membrane.

......

(2)

(c)State the composition and the function of the plant cell wall.

......

(2)

(Total 5 marks)

20.According to cell theory all cells arise from pre-existing cells. The following diagram shows the cell cycle of a eukaryotic (body) cell of a diploid organism.

(a)Define the term diploid.

......

(1)

(b)Identify the parts of the cell cycle labelled A and B.

A ......

B ......

(1)

(c)State three activities that occur during part A of the cell cycle.

......

(3)

(d)Outline the differences in cytokinesis in animal and plant cells.

......

(2)

(e)Explain the significance of complementary base pairing in relation to the cell cycle.

......

(3)

(Total 10 marks)

21.(a)An organelle is a discrete structure within a cell with a specific function. In the table below, identify the missing organelles and outline the missing functions.

Name of
organelle / Structure of organelle / Function of organelle
Nucleus / Region of the cell containing
chromosomes, surrounded by a
double membrane, in which there
are pores. / Storage and protection of
chromosomes
Ribosome / Small spherical structures,
consisting of two subunits. / ......
......
......
...... / Spherical organelles, surrounded
by a single membrane and
containing hydrolytic enzymes. / Digestion of structures that are not needed within cells.
...... / Organelles surrounded by two
membranes, the inner of which is
folded inwards. / ......
......
......

(4)

(b)The table above shows some of the organelles found in a particular cell. Discuss what type of cell this could be.

......

(2)

(Total 6 marks)

22.(a)Explain how the surface area to volume ratio influences cell sizes.

......

(3)

(b)State one function for each of the following organelles.

(i)Ribosomes

......

(ii)Rough endoplasmic reticulum

......

(iii)Golgi apparatus

......

(3)

(c)Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in regards to three different features.

Prokaryotic / Eukaryotic
1. / ......
...... / ......
......
2. / ......
...... / ......
......
3. / ......
...... / .
......
......

(3)

(Total 9 marks)

23.The diagram below shows the structure of a cell.

(a)State the names of I and II.

I:......

II:......

(2)

(b)Calculate the actual length of the cell, showing your working.

Answer:......

(2)

(c)State the function of the structure labelled III.

......

(1)

(d)Deduce which type of cell is shown in the diagram, giving reasons for your answer.

......

(2)

(Total 7 marks)

24.(a)State two processes which involve mitosis.

......

(2)

(b)Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio as a factor limiting cell size.

......

(3)

(c)State one difference between the proteins produced by free ribosomes and those produced by ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

......

(1)

(Total 6 marks)

25.(a)List two functions of membrane proteins.

1......

2......

(1)

(b)Oxygen (O2 ) moves across the membrane by diffusion. Define the term diffusion.

......

(1)

(c)Potassium can move across the membrane by passive or active transport. Distinguish between active transport and facilitated diffusion of ions.

......

(2)

(d)The hormone insulin leaves the cell by exocytosis. Describe the process of exocytosis.

......

(2)

(Total 6 marks)

26.The electron micrograph below shows part of several pancreatic islet cells.

(a)Identify the structures labelled I, II and III in the micrograph above and give a role for each one.

Structure / Role
A.
B.
C.
D.

(3)

(b)(i)Using the letter A, identify one location on the micrograph where transcription takes place.

(1)

(ii)Using the letter B, identify one location on the micrograph where chemiosmosis occurs.

(1)

The large, black vesicles store products of the cells that are released into the capillaries of the pancreas.

(c)(i)Suggest what product each cell is likely to be making.

......

(1)

(ii)Explain how the products are transported from the site of production and released from the islet cells.

......

(3)

(Total 9 marks)

27.(a)The table below compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Place a tick () wherever the organelle is present.

Organelle / Prokaryotic / Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes

(2)

28.(a)State the typical size of

(i)a bacterium; ......

(1)

(ii)an average eukaryotic cell......

(1)

(b)Explain the importance of the surface area to volume ratio in limiting cell size.

......

(2)

(Total 4 marks)

29.(a)Distinguish between the terms resolution and magnification when applied to electron microscopy.

......

(2)

The electron micrograph below shows part of a cell.

[Source: M Turmaine, UCL]

(b)Identify the structures labelled I and II.

I ......

II ......

(2)

(c)State one function of the structure labelled II.

......

(1)

(d)Deduce, with a reason, whether this cell is eukaryotic or prokaryotic.

......

(1)

(Total 6 marks)

30.(a)Define osmosis.

......

(1)

(b)Outline how transport occurs across membranes by facilitated diffusion.

......

(2)

(c)Explain how the properties of phospholipids help to maintain the structure of cell membranes.

......

(3)

(Total 6 marks)

31.The electron micrographs below show mitochondria in longitudinal section. The mitochondrion in A is from a bat pancreas cell and that in B is from a mouse liver cell.

[Source: Tribe and Whittaker, Chloroplasts and Mitochondria, (1972), 31, pp 28–29]

(a)Annotate the micrographs to show two similarities in the structure of the mitochondria.

(2)

(b)The mitochondria differ in size. State two other differences that are visible in the mitochondria.

1......

2......

(2)

(c)Predict, with two reasons, which of the mitochondria would have been able to produce ATP at a greater rate.

......

(3)

(Total 7 marks)

32.Explain how vesicles are used in cells, including the way in which they form and are reabsorbed.

(Total 8 marks)

33.Explain the various methods cells use to transport materials across membranes.

(Total 8 marks)

34.Compare, with the aid of a diagram, the structure of generalized prokaryotic and eukaryotic animal cells.

(Total 8 marks)

35.Distinguish between the structure of plant and animal cells.

(Total 6 marks)

36.Draw diagrams to show the four stages of mitosis in an animal cell with four chromosomes.

(Total 5 marks)

37.Outline the differences between the behaviour of the chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis.

(Total 5 marks)

38.State one function of each of the following organelles.

Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmic recticulum
Nucleus
Mitochondrion

(Total 5 marks)

39.Discuss possible exceptions to the cell theory.

(Total 4 marks)