Prompt 1: COMP - Compare the characteristics of any two of the following migrations: Polynesian, Bantu, Viking.
Bantu and Viking's migrations / Who: Bantu-speaking peoples and the Vikings.
What: Characteristics of the migrations
When: 600 CE - 1450 CE
Where: Sub-Saharan Africa, Scandinavia, England, Germany / 1. Vikings invaded many parts of Europe.
· raided England, Ireland, Germany, Spain, and France.
· 793: Vikings began to invade. They raided monasteries.
· 873: Vikings raided Wessex
· settle in Danelaw
2. Bantu migration: Cultural diffusion
· their language became the foundation for other languages in Africa
· Arabs on eastern coast of Africa spoke Bantu language. Language of the Swahili people was a blend of Bantu and Arabic. (Shows syncretism)
· Bantu spread knowledge of iron working
3. Both traveled by water
· Vikings used longships to travel Volga River
· Viking travel Norwegian Sea. They also sailed Atlantic Ocean.
· Viking known as seafarer people
· Bantu travel using Congo River / - Vikings invade to find better land for farming. Scandinavia (their home) had mountains and forests.
-Bantus migrate because new crops (ex: banana) led to population growth
For the vikings, traveling by sea was sometimes faster than by land.
Bantus move east and south of Africa for farming / This led to feudalism in Europe.
Spread of iron working led to more crop cultivation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Today Swahili is a very common language.
Prompt 2: COMP - Compare the political, social and economic characteristics of urban centers in any two of the following: the Islamic world, China, Western Europe.
The Islamic world and China / Who: Muslims and Chinese (Song and Tang dynasty)
What: Political, social, and economic characteristics of the Islamic world and China.
When:600 CE - 1450 CE
Where: Mecca, Damascus, Baghdad, and China / 1. Social: Role of women in society
China:
· foot binding
· Wu Zhao: first empress of China during Tang Dynasty
· Women in society never held such a high position in the government.
· Women were seen as inferior to men.
· Harems (Islamic world - Abbasid)
· Patriarchal society (both)
Islamic world:
· Under the Qur'an men and women were equal
· Umayyad Abbasid tolerated non-Muslims
· Men could have four wives
· Women must care for husband and family
2. Political: government
China:
· Civil service exam based on Confucius teachings
Islamic World:
· caliphate
· Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali
3. Economy:
Both standardized money
· Under Umayyad gold and silver coins became the standard monetary unit
· under Tang: paper money was used / · religious beliefs
· patriarchal society
· foot binding allowed women to distinguish themselves based ont heir social status
theocracy:
· Mandate of Heaven
· Caliph
· easy for trades / Later in history and also today, women are still subordinate to men.
· job/occupations
· 1700s: industrial revolution women in factories
Disagreements among Muslims about successors led to the split between Sunnis and Shi'ites.
Prompt 3: CCOT - Analyze the changes and continuity in the influence of Islam as a political force in the Middle East, North Africa and Spain between 600-1450.
The influence of Islam / Who: Muslims
What: Influence of Islam as a political force
When: 600 CE - 1450 CE
Where: Middle East, North Africa, Spain / 1. B: Middle east
· 632 Muhammad died so Abu Bakr became caliph (religious leader and head of state)
· Umayyad Dynasty: Jews and Christians were allowed to practice their own religion but they were taxed
· After Umayyad Dynasty: no line of succession led to split between Sunnis and Shi'ite
2. M:Spain 732
· Battle of Tours: stopped the Muslims from advancing pass Paris
· Territory Muslims governed: Al-Andalus
· Caliphate of Cordoba
3. E: 1200s-1300 North Africa
· Ibn Battuta
· rulers of Ghana convert to Islam
· Mamluks-convert to Islam
· Egypt / The religion Islam continued to spread through military conquest between the years 600-1450. /
The split between the Sunni and Shi'ite resulted because there was successor was not appointed after Muhammad. Muslims controlled more territories in Spain, and there were more converts to Islam in North America. However, Islam continued to spread through Eurasia and Africa.
Prompt 4: CCOT - Analyze the changes and continuity in China's economic influence on Eurasia between 600-1450.
China's economic influence on Eurasia / Who: Chinese
What:
When: 600 CE - 1450 CE
Where: Eurasia / B: 600s - 900s
· silk roads
· China: silk, ivory
India: Spices
· Rome: gold
· Tang dynasty (618-907) invented gunpowder and woodblock printing
M:1000 - 1300s
· 1100s Roman empire used gunpowder for weapons
· 13th century : Roger Bacon records European use of gun powder.
· 1250s: new trading posts in China so Europeans had expeditions
· 1300s: China and Europe invent cannons
· 1350: Bubonic plague spread from Central Asia to Europe through traveling merchants
· 14th century: Europe woodblock printing
E: 1400s
· Ming dynasty
· 1405: Zheng He began voyages in India Ocean. He made 7 voyages.
· 1433: Zheng He stopped traveling
· Emperor believed money spent on his expeditions could be used to protect china from Mongol threats of invasion / There was still Chinese hegemony in the world. / Silks Roads helped China remain powerful and gain hegemony.
Gunpowder and cannons led to deadlier battles.
Zheng He expeditions led to advance technology improved ships.
Prompt 5: COMP - Compare the methods with which Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism were spread into new areas in the post-classical era.
Christianity and Islam / Who: Christians and Muslims
What: The spread of Christianity and Islam
When: 600 CE - 1450 CE
Where: Middle East, Rome / 1.Christianity spread through missionaries
· Missionaries travel through cities and along Roman roads so Christianity was common in the Roman Empire
· Edict of Milan
· appeal to all social classes and men and women were considered equal
2. Islam spread through military conquest
· 7th-8th century: Muslims conquered areas in the Middle East and North Africa. Islam reach Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine)
· Those that the Muslims conquered were given the choice of converting to Islam or paying tax
· Muslims used force to spread Islam. Islam spread to the west (ex: Spain).
· The religion did not reach Paris because of the Battle of Tours.
3. During the early spread of Christianity and Islam, converts to both religions were persecuted
· Christianity and Islam started in the Middle East
· 70 to 1946 CE Jews that converted were persecuted.
· Mainly Jews in Jerusalem converted
· In Mecca, those who converted to Islam were persecuted. /
Christians believed that God loved everyone and for religious reasons they wanted to spread Christianity.
Muslims thought conquering large areas would spread the religion, Islam.
Muhammad preached publicly, in Mecca but the city had many polytheists. Islam is a monotheistic religion. / Both Islam and Christianity began spreading in Mecca and newly converts to these religions were persecuted. However, Christianity spread through missionaries and Islam spread through military conquest.
Political activities help spread religions.
Edict of Milan - signed by Constantine.
______
II. Fanta Traore
Prompt 6: CCOT - Explain the processes through which Islam became a unifying cultural and economic force in Eurasia and Africa in the post-classical era.
Islam / Who: Muslims, Muhammad (The Prophet)
What: The influence of Islam
Where: Southwest Asia, North Africa, Spain
When: 600 CE-1450 CE / B: 600 CE-900 CE
· Cultural
o Under the Umayyad Caliphate, Jews and Christians were allowed free worship although required to pay taxes.
o Islamic culture pronounced in Al-Andalus. Islamic words were added to Spanish vocabulary, Muslim styles were used in Spanish art and architecture.
o Islam also reached Africa by the eighth century, through jihads and cultural diffusion.
· Economic
o Many urban centers/cities (ie., Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba)
o Increased trade (interregional) between Al-Andalus and others.
M: 900 CE-1200 CE
· Cultural
o First Crusades
· Economic
o Increased trade between Christians and Muslims
E: 1200 CE-1450 CE
· Cultural
o Islam reached India. Many "untouchables" converted to Islam because of its accepting and "egalitarian nature."
· Economic
o Increased trade overseas between North Africa, Spain, other Islamic countries. / From the 600 CE-1450 CE Islam continued to expand and reach oversea areas (ie., Africa).
With the expansion of Islam added to the connection of dynasties/empires allowed increased trade allowing the dynasties to grow economic wise. / Overtime Islamic expansion has continued to increase. Along with expansion was the spread of Islamic culture such as spread of Arabic numerals and discoveries/innovations such as the astrolabe, and optic surgery. The spread of Islam affected societies, politically, culturally and economically.
Prompt 7: COMP - Compare the political and economic effects of the Mongols.
East Asia
Central Asia
Southwest Asia
Eastern Europe / Who: The Mongols
What: Mongols effects on politics and trade
Where: In Asia
When: 600 CE- 1450 CE / Political effects:
(Differences)
· Did not allow conquered peoples to rule themselves (ie, China)
o Only the Ilkhanate allowed the Persians to do so.
Economic effects:
(Similarities)
· Increase in trade due to improvement in maritime technology and interactions between different cultures.
· All khanates benefited from the Silk roads.
(Except the Russians)
· Safer trade routes / · The Mongols feared the Chinese would attempt to regain power.
· The creation of the Mongolian empire allowed cross cultural interactions.
· The Mongols wanted to keep the Russians isolated. / Politically mainly the Mongols had all the power not allowing the conquered peoples to have much say. Politically khanates may have not prospered much but economically they did. With Eurasian integration, goods were transported from China to as far as western Russia.
Prompt 8: COMP - Compare the Aztec and Incan empires in terms of their political structures, their economies and their cultural achievements.
Aztec empire
Inca empire / Who: Aztecs, Incas
What: The political, economies and cultural achievements of the Aztec and Inca empires
Where: Central Mexico, South America
When: (600 CE-1450) / Political Structures
Incas:
· Quipus (system of writing devices). Established Quechua language.
· Integregated diverse peoples into Empire.
· Mita system.
· Road system
Aztecs:
· Stratified society
· Decentralized government
· Kept records through picture writing.
· A lot more harsh to conquered peoples.
Economies
Aztecs: Maize and Beans(staple crop) was traded
· Traded with others for textiles, jewelery, knives.
Incas: Potatoes (staple crop) was traded.
Cultural Achievements
· Both empires established polytheistic religions.
o Aztecs sacrificed conquered peoples. / · To keep society organized a common language is necessary as well as accepting diverse peoples to prevent revolt and grow your empire.
· The development of the road systems was to enable a centralized government.
· The staple crops in these two empires are what can be cultivated in their locations
· Aztecs had sacrifices for their Gods because of religious beliefs / These two empires were different from each other in the sense that the Aztecs maintained a decentralized government wheras the Incas maintained a centralized government. The Incans were more organized in the sense that they had road system and integregated conquered peoples. The Aztecs however were a lot harsher to those they conquered and that may have added to their internal conflicts.
On the other hand, the Aztecs had a booming economy, the were a lot more actively economic wise.
Prompt 9: COMP - Compare the reasons for institution and practices of Japanese and European feudalism.
Japan
Europe
Feudalism / Who: Japanese and Europeans
What:
· The reasons for feudalism in Japan and Europe
· The practices of J/E feudalism
Where: Japan and Europe
When: 600 CE-1450 / Reasons for feudalism
· Japan:
o Aristocratic rebellions against adoptions of Chinese culture/ways
o In addition the same reasons why Europeans turned to feudalism.
Europe
o Political instability
o To stabilize and prevent civil war.
Chivalry code vs Bushido code
· Both consist of samurais (Japan), and knights (Europe) pledging to serve and protect their lords.
· Both males and females had to pledge to the Bushido code as opposed to the Chivalry where only men did.
· European feudalism begun in the 9th century whereas feudalism in Japan begun in the 12th century. / · With the government being decentralized the Japanese and European had to find a way to protect their land and prevent civil war. Both turned to feudalism.
/ The creation of feudalistic governments in Europe and Japan were
convienient to the political instability of the governments before hand, giving the landlords most of the power. They were stable for the most part although peasants and serfs had high taxes to pay and did not have much of a place in society (lowest class).
Prompt 10: CCOT - Explain the role that new crops and agricultural technologies had on societies in East Asia, sub-Saharan and west Africa, and western Europe in the post-classical Era.
Agriculture Technologies
East Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
West Africa
Western Europe / Who: Africans, Asians (Chinese), Europeans
What: Agriculture technologies on societies
Where: East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, West Africa, Western Europe
When: 600 CE- 1450 CE / B: 600 CE- 900 CE
Limited Trade
Mainly Interregional
Sub-Saharan Africa
· Bananas
China
· Rice, Millet
Europeans
· Marginalized
M: 900 CE - 1200 CE
· Cross cultural interactions.
o Islamic Empires (Al-Andalus)
E: 1200 CE - 1450 CE
· Europeans attempt to become a part of the trade system
o Improvement in Chinese diet (amino acids from rice).
· Increased trade (Mongol Empire between Eurasia and Africa) / Canals and irrigation systems remained constant throughout 600-1450 CE. / With crops from China being introduced to Europe such as rice were longer life spans, and improved diets. What remained constant were the canals and irrigation systems throughout 600-1450 CE. which allowed agricultural civilizations and advanced societies.
______
III. Roody Barochin
Prompt 11: CCOT - Pick two post classical empires(Sui-Tang -Song, Byzantine, Umayyad-Abbasid, Holy Roman Empire, Delhi Sultanate, etc.) and explain how much of their political, social, and cultural systems was new or innovative and how much of it was based on the foundations of a preceeding classical empire.