Supplemental Material, Section 2

Supplemental material, section 2:

Mean relative size of morphological traits examined, calculated against the cubed root of mass (CRM) and biplot (supplemental material, section 4) occupied. Quadrant 1 = small gape, large eye (upper left); 2 = large gape, large eye (upper right); 3 = small gape, small eye (lower left); 4 = large gape, small eye (lower right). The mean absolute sizes of the morphological traits are also provided along with the mean cubed root of the mass of fishes studied.

Family / species / rel. gape (CRM) / rel. eye (CRM) / Di/Noc / Quadrant / gape (mm) / eye (mm) / CRM
Acanthuridae / Zebrasoma veliferum / 1.81 / 3.04 / diurnal / 1 / 4.2 / 7.05 / 2.32
Caesionidae / Caesio cuning / 2.08 / 2.99 / diurnal / 1 / 5.46 / 7.58 / 2.72
Callionymidae / Diplogrammus goramensis / 1.98 / 3.91 / diurnal / 1 / 0.97 / 1.73 / 0.46
Chaetodontidae / Chaetodon auriga / 1.42 / 3.11 / diurnal / 1 / 4.08 / 8.78 / 2.93
Chaetodontidae / Chaetodon ephippium / 1.25 / 3.13 / diurnal / 1 / 3.2 / 8 / 2.56
Chaetodontidae / Chaetodon plebius / 1.35 / 3.13 / diurnal / 1 / 3.54 / 8.17 / 2.61
Ephippidae / Platax orbicularis / 2.45 / 3.02 / diurnal / 1 / 12.22 / 14.63 / 5.02
Fistulariidae / Fistularia commersonii / 1.73 / 4.8 / diurnal / 1 / 5 / 13.9 / 2.90
Gobiidae / Amblygobius rainfordi / 2.5 / 3.08 / diurnal / 1 / 1.93 / 2.34 / 0.78
Gobiidae / Asterropteryx semipunctata / 2.39 / 3.1 / diurnal / 1 / 1.57 / 1.98 / 0.66
Gobiidae / Eviota sp. G / 2.13 / 3.67 / diurnal / 1 / 0.93 / 1.6 / 0.44
Gobiidae / Eviota zebrina / 2.48 / 3.32 / diurnal / 1 / 0.89 / 1.18 / 0.36
Lethrinidae / Lethrinus lentjan / 2.12 / 3.04 / nocturnal / 1 / 9.52 / 13.65 / 4.50
Lutjanidae / Lutjanus russelli / 2.36 / 4.17 / diurnal / 1 / 3.36 / 5.11 / 1.33
Monacanthidae / Acreichthys radiatus / 1.53 / 4.52 / diurnal / 1 / 1.39 / 4.11 / 0.91
Monodactylidae / Monodactylus argenteus / 2.08 / 3.01 / diurnal / 1 / 10.8 / 15.65 / 5.20
Nemipteridae / Scolopsis bilineata / 1.87 / 3.63 / diurnal / 1 / 8.05 / 15.44 / 4.28
Nemipteridae / Scolopsis margaritifera / 2.47 / 4.07 / diurnal / 1 / 8.27 / 14.11 / 3.94
Pomacentridae / Abudefduf sexfasciatus / 1.98 / 3.03 / diurnal / 1 / 5.59 / 8.35 / 2.81
Pomacentridae / Amblyglyphidodon curacao / 1.83 / 3.69 / diurnal / 1 / 3.57 / 6.96 / 1.96
Pomacentridae / Chromis atripectoralis / 2.03 / 3.44 / diurnal / 1 / 3.36 / 5.63 / 1.66
Pomacentridae / Chromis viridis / 1.82 / 3.49 / diurnal / 1 / 2.49 / 4.74 / 1.39
Pomacentridae / Pomacentrus amboinensis / 1.83 / 3.05 / diurnal / 1 / 3.61 / 5.93 / 1.97
Pomacentridae / Pomacentrus brachialis / 2.51 / 3.39 / diurnal / 1 / 3.36 / 4.54 / 1.37
Pomacentridae / Pomacentrus mollucensis / 1.85 / 3.23 / diurnal / 1 / 3.07 / 5.32 / 1.68
Pseudochromidae / Pseudochromis flammicauda / 1.85 / 4.01 / diurnal / 1 / 1.46 / 3.11 / 0.78
Pseudochromidae / Pseudochromis fuscus / 2.32 / 3.56 / diurnal / 1 / 2.29 / 3.38 / 0.97
Pseudochromidae / Pseudochromis wilsoni / 1.97 / 4.39 / diurnal / 1 / 1.41 / 3.1 / 0.73
Ptereleotridae / Parioglossus sp. / 2.23 / 3.62 / diurnal / 1 / 0.92 / 1.5 / 0.42
Sillaginidae / Sillago analis / 2.14 / 3.02 / diurnal / 1 / 5.23 / 7.18 / 2.43
Syngnathidae / Corythoichthys sp. / 1.08 / 3.25 / diurnal / 1 / 0.33 / 0.99 / 0.31
Tripterygiidae / Enneapterygius tutuilae / 2.43 / 3.77 / diurnal / 1 / 1.11 / 1.72 / 0.46
Zanclidae / Zanclus cornutus / 1.33 / 3.06 / diurnal / 1 / 5.04 / 11.62 / 3.80
Holocentridae / Sargocentron cornutum / 2.08 / 4.48 / nocturnal / 1 / 4.54 / 9.79 / 2.24
Pseudochromidae / Pseudochromis fuscus / 2.24 / 3.24 / nocturnal / 1 / 2.36 / 3.4 / 1.06
Syngnathidae / Doryrhamphus janssi / 1.05 / 3.36 / nocturnal / 1 / 0.65 / 2.09 / 0.62
Blenniidae / Ecsenius bicolor / 3.78 / 3.01 / diurnal / 2 / 3.85 / 2.97 / 0.99
Blenniidae / Entomacrodus decussatus / 3.63 / 3.09 / diurnal / 2 / 3.12 / 2.6 / 0.85
Blenniidae / Salarias patzneri / 3.74 / 3.19 / diurnal / 2 / 2.57 / 2.18 / 0.73
Carangidae / Scomberoides tol / 2.85 / 2.98 / diurnal / 2 / 8.3 / 8.7 / 2.92
Gobiidae / Amblygobius phalaena / 2.98 / 3.4 / diurnal / 2 / 2.1 / 2.28 / 0.68
Gobiidae / Asterropteryx spinosa / 3.04 / 4.1 / diurnal / 2 / 3.2 / 4.31 / 1.05
Gobiidae / Bathygobius fuscus / 3.7 / 3.63 / diurnal / 2 / 1.54 / 1.51 / 0.42
Gobiidae / Callogobius sclateri / 3.55 / 3.31 / diurnal / 2 / 1.53 / 1.39 / 0.44
Gobiidae / Fusigobius signipinnis / 2.72 / 3.33 / diurnal / 2 / 2.22 / 2.71 / 0.82
Gobiidae / Istigobius goldmanni / 2.7 / 3.61 / diurnal / 2 / 1.16 / 1.53 / 0.43
Gobiidae / Signigobius biocellatus / 3.23 / 3.27 / diurnal / 2 / 1.87 / 1.76 / 0.58
Gobiidae / Trimma fangi / 2.72 / 3.88 / diurnal / 2 / 1.33 / 1.9 / 0.49
Gobiidae / Trimma striata / 2.65 / 3.85 / diurnal / 2 / 1.48 / 2.15 / 0.56
Opistognathidae / Opistognathus sp. / 6.34 / 4.26 / diurnal / 2 / 6.7 / 4.5 / 1.06
Pinguipedidae / Parapercis cylindrica / 2.98 / 3.66 / diurnal / 2 / 2.79 / 3.37 / 0.93
Plesiopidae / Assessor macneilli / 3.16 / 3.85 / diurnal / 2 / 2.82 / 3.56 / 0.93
Plesiopidae / Plesiops coeruleolineatus / 3.91 / 4.1 / diurnal / 2 / 5.23 / 5.52 / 1.34
Pomacentridae / Neopomacentrus bankieri / 2.76 / 3.89 / diurnal / 2 / 2.45 / 3.46 / 0.89
Scorpaenidae / Scorpaenoides hirsutus / 4.15 / 3.88 / diurnal / 2 / 9.1 / 8.5 / 2.19
Sphyraenidae / Sphyraena flavicauda / 3.09 / 2.97 / diurnal / 2 / 17.18 / 16.43 / 5.54
Tripterygiidae / Enneapterygius sp. (tailbar) / 2.86 / 3.62 / diurnal / 2 / 1.11 / 1.41 / 0.39
Apogonidae / Apogon angustatus / 4.07 / 4.93 / nocturnal / 2 / 5.16 / 6.12 / 1.29
Apogonidae / Apogon aureus / 3.76 / 4.63 / nocturnal / 2 / 9.13 / 11.25 / 2.43
Apogonidae / Apogon compressus / 3.55 / 5.2 / nocturnal / 2 / 5.89 / 8.66 / 1.68
Apogonidae / Apogon cyanosoma / 4.54 / 5.5 / nocturnal / 2 / 5.58 / 6.74 / 1.23
Apogonidae / Apogon exostigma / 3.39 / 4.17 / nocturnal / 2 / 6.58 / 8.09 / 1.95
Apogonidae / Apogon kallopterus / 3.55 / 4.04 / nocturnal / 2 / 8.71 / 9.9 / 2.51
Apogonidae / Apogon leptacanthus / 3.47 / 4.9 / nocturnal / 2 / 4.28 / 6.05 / 1.23
Apogonidae / Apogon sp. (three-saddle) / 3.66 / 5.03 / nocturnal / 2 / 6.34 / 8.46 / 1.73
Apogonidae / Apogon trimaculatus / 4.11 / 4.01 / nocturnal / 2 / 10.21 / 9.26 / 2.49
Apogonidae / Archamia fucata / 3.72 / 4.81 / nocturnal / 2 / 4.81 / 6.21 / 1.29
Apogonidae / Archamia zosterophera / 3.34 / 4.97 / nocturnal / 2 / 3.85 / 5.7 / 1.15
Apogonidae / Cheilodipterus artus / 4.19 / 4.22 / nocturnal / 2 / 8.21 / 8.28 / 1.96
Apogonidae / Cheilodipterus macrodon / 3.91 / 3.64 / nocturnal / 2 / 12.98 / 11.87 / 3.26
Apogonidae / Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus / 4.13 / 4.75 / nocturnal / 2 / 6.62 / 7.38 / 1.55
Apogonidae / Fowleria aurita / 4.86 / 3.62 / nocturnal / 2 / 5.97 / 4.38 / 1.27
Apogonidae / Fowleria variegata / 3.62 / 4.1 / nocturnal / 2 / 3.87 / 4.22 / 1.06
Apogonidae / Pseudamia gelatinosa / 4.05 / 3.69 / nocturnal / 2 / 5.7 / 5.2 / 1.41
Apogonidae / Rhabdamia cypselura / 3.53 / 5.05 / nocturnal / 2 / 3.32 / 4.75 / 0.94
Batrachoididae / Halophyrne diemensis / 5.36 / 2.99 / nocturnal / 2 / 22.46 / 8.16 / 3.58
Holocentridae / Myripristis murdjan / 3.95 / 4.82 / nocturnal / 2 / 12.12 / 15.35 / 3.22
Lutjanidae / Lutjanus russelli / 3.01 / 3.52 / nocturnal / 2 / 7.7 / 7.32 / 2.32
Pempheridae / Pempheris otaitensis / 3.82 / 4.65 / nocturnal / 2 / 9.65 / 11.75 / 2.53
Priacanthidae / Priacanthus hamrur / 3.25 / 3.77 / nocturnal / 2 / 25.25 / 29.27 / 7.76
Acanthuridae / Acanthurus nigricauda / 1.76 / 1.62 / diurnal / 3 / 11.99 / 11.06 / 6.83
Acanthuridae / Acanthurus nigrofuscus / 1.72 / 2.1 / diurnal / 3 / 5.9 / 7.2 / 3.43
Acanthuridae / Ctenochaetus striatus / 1.89 / 1.47 / diurnal / 3 / 12.9 / 10 / 6.81
Acanthuridae / Naso annulatus / 1.54 / 2.1 / diurnal / 3 / 8.8 / 12 / 5.72
Acanthuridae / Naso brevirostris / 1.68 / 2.8 / diurnal / 3 / 6.7 / 11.2 / 4.00
Acanthuridae / Naso lituratus / 1.54 / 1.97 / diurnal / 3 / 8.48 / 10.55 / 5.70
Acanthuridae / Naso unicornis / 1.94 / 2.21 / diurnal / 3 / 10.9 / 12.25 / 5.64
Acanthuridae / Naso vlamingii / 1.71 / 2.35 / diurnal / 3 / 8.45 / 11.5 / 4.97
Acanthuridae / Zebrasoma scopas / 1.42 / 2.36 / diurnal / 3 / 5.4 / 9 / 3.81
Balistidae / Balistapus undulatus / 1.42 / 2.02 / diurnal / 3 / 6.62 / 9.45 / 4.67
Balistidae / Sufflamen fraenatus / 2.13 / 1.83 / diurnal / 3 / 10 / 8.6 / 4.70
Bothidae / Pseudorhombus elevatus / 1.05 / 2.79 / diurnal / 3 / 1.64 / 4.17 / 1.56
Caesionidae / Pterocaesio marri / 1.83 / 2.75 / diurnal / 3 / 7.4 / 10.27 / 4.01
Chaetodontidae / Chaetodon aureofasciatus / 1.21 / 2.81 / diurnal / 3 / 3.1 / 6.91 / 2.50
Chaetodontidae / Chaetodon baronessa / 1.09 / 2.36 / diurnal / 3 / 3.95 / 8.55 / 3.62
Chaetodontidae / Chaetodon kleinii / 1.47 / 2.93 / diurnal / 3 / 2.7 / 5.4 / 1.84
Chaetodontidae / Chaetodon lunulatus / 2.23 / 2.9 / diurnal / 3 / 6.33 / 8.21 / 2.84
Chaetodontidae / Chaetodon trifascialis / 1.35 / 2.94 / diurnal / 3 / 4.24 / 9.23 / 3.15
Chaetodontidae / Chaetodon vagabundus / 1.27 / 2.75 / diurnal / 3 / 4.56 / 9.87 / 3.61
Chaetodontidae / Chelmon rostratus / 0.76 / 2.66 / diurnal / 3 / 3.02 / 10.57 / 3.97
Chaetodontidae / Hemiaurichthys polylepis / 1.37 / 2.8 / diurnal / 3 / 5.14 / 10.47 / 3.74
Cynoglossidae / Paraplagusia bilineata / 1.8 / 1.17 / diurnal / 3 / 3.1 / 2.02 / 1.73
Hemiramphidae / Arrhamphus sclerolepis / 2.27 / 2.58 / diurnal / 3 / 7.31 / 8.28 / 3.22
Kyphosidae / Kyphosus vaigiensis / 2.05 / 1.17 / diurnal / 3 / 24.5 / 14 / 11.96
Labridae / Anampses neoguinaicus / 1.7 / 2.03 / diurnal / 3 / 4.2 / 5 / 2.46
Labridae / Cheilinus fasciatus / 2.41 / 2.12 / diurnal / 3 / 10.28 / 9.05 / 4.28
Labridae / Cheilio inermis / 2.04 / 2.21 / diurnal / 3 / 4.83 / 5.33 / 2.44
Labridae / Chlororus microrhinos / 1.96 / 1.55 / diurnal / 3 / 12.3 / 9.7 / 6.26
Labridae / Choerodon fasciatus / 2.25 / 2.2 / diurnal / 3 / 10.38 / 10.12 / 4.62
Labridae / Coris batuensis / 1.64 / 2.3 / diurnal / 3 / 3.81 / 5.35 / 2.32
Labridae / Epibulus insidiator / 1.37 / 1.62 / diurnal / 3 / 9.2 / 10.85 / 6.70
Labridae / Gomphosus varius / 1.12 / 2.16 / diurnal / 3 / 3.67 / 6.8 / 3.21
Labridae / Halichoeres melanurus / 1.57 / 2.71 / diurnal / 3 / 2.14 / 3.51 / 1.34
Labridae / Hemigymnus melapterus / 2.06 / 1.94 / diurnal / 3 / 9.8 / 9.25 / 4.76
Labridae / Hologymnosus doliatus / 1.84 / 1.78 / diurnal / 3 / 10 / 9.7 / 5.44
Labridae / Labroides dimidiatus / 1.39 / 2.73 / diurnal / 3 / 1.91 / 3.27 / 1.28
Labridae / Leptojulis cyanopleura / 2.39 / 1.94 / diurnal / 3 / 7 / 5.7 / 2.93
Labridae / Scarus flavipectoralis / 1.88 / 1.54 / diurnal / 3 / 12.52 / 9.9 / 6.53
Labridae / Scarus rivulatus / 1.73 / 2.04 / diurnal / 3 / 6.05 / 7.1 / 3.49
Labridae / Thalassoma lunare / 1.92 / 2.07 / diurnal / 3 / 5.26 / 5.57 / 2.71
Labridae / Xyrichthys aneitensis / 1.41 / 2.19 / diurnal / 3 / 4.4 / 6.85 / 3.12
Monacanthidae / Pervagor janthisoma / 1.06 / 2.7 / diurnal / 3 / 2.48 / 6.33 / 2.34
Mullidae / Parupeneus barberinus / 2.45 / 1.78 / diurnal / 3 / 14.07 / 10.07 / 5.79
Mullidae / Parupeneus multifasciatus / 2.32 / 2.13 / diurnal / 3 / 9.69 / 8.45 / 4.27
Ostraciidae / Ostracion cubicus / 1.26 / 2.75 / diurnal / 3 / 4.21 / 9.21 / 3.35
Pomacanthidae / Centropyge bicolor / 1.3 / 2.09 / diurnal / 3 / 4.3 / 6.8 / 3.29
Pomacanthidae / Chaetodontoplus meredithi / 2 / 2.03 / diurnal / 3 / 10.13 / 10.25 / 5.06
Pomacanthidae / Pomacanthus sexstriatus / 1.61 / 1.88 / diurnal / 3 / 10.73 / 12.02 / 6.40
Pomacanthidae / Pygoplites diacanthus / 1.63 / 1.99 / diurnal / 3 / 7.6 / 9.2 / 4.65
Pomacentridae / Hemiglyphidodon plagiometapon / 1.74 / 2 / diurnal / 3 / 7.96 / 9.15 / 4.57
Pomacentridae / Plectroglyphidodon dickii / 1.66 / 2.34 / diurnal / 3 / 4.42 / 6.22 / 2.66
Scatophagidae / Scatophagus multifasciata / 2.1 / 2.21 / diurnal / 3 / 14.37 / 15.2 / 6.86
Serranidae / Diploprion bifasciatum / 2.27 / 2.15 / diurnal / 3 / 11.5 / 10.9 / 5.07
Siganidae / Siganus argenteus / 1.87 / 2.31 / diurnal / 3 / 9.18 / 11.33 / 4.91
Siganidae / Siganus corallinus / 1.6 / 2.96 / diurnal / 3 / 7.1 / 13.1 / 4.43
Siganidae / Siganus doliatus / 1.68 / 2.71 / diurnal / 3 / 8.51 / 13.74 / 5.08
Siganidae / Siganus lineatus / 1.89 / 2.42 / diurnal / 3 / 13.72 / 17.57 / 7.28
Siganidae / Siganus puellus / 1.45 / 2.56 / diurnal / 3 / 7.61 / 13.46 / 5.26
Siganidae / Siganus vulpinus / 1.42 / 1.95 / diurnal / 3 / 8 / 11 / 5.65
Sillaginidae / Sillago ciliata / 2.07 / 2.49 / diurnal / 3 / 9.36 / 11.33 / 4.65
Syngnathidae / Micrognathus andersonii / 1.02 / 1.94 / diurnal / 3 / 0.58 / 1.1 / 0.56
Tetraodontidae / Arothron hispidus / 2.19 / 2.2 / diurnal / 3 / 17.4 / 17.5 / 7.96
Tetraodontidae / Arothron nigropunctatus / 1.85 / 1.57 / diurnal / 3 / 13.2 / 11.2 / 7.15
Tetraodontidae / Canthigaster papua / 1.32 / 1.93 / diurnal / 3 / 4.5 / 6.55 / 3.40
Tetraodontidae / Canthigaster valentini / 1.35 / 2.28 / diurnal / 3 / 3.4 / 5.7 / 2.56
Holocentridae / Sargocentron spiniferum / 2.03 / 2.87 / nocturnal / 3 / 11.8 / 16.83 / 5.95
Muraenidae / Gymnothorax sp. / 1.68 / 1.34 / nocturnal / 3 / 2.58 / 1.94 / 1.47
Aploactinidae / Paraploactis sp. / 3.65 / 2.22 / diurnal / 4 / 6.4 / 3.9 / 1.76
Blenniidae / Ecsenius stictus / 3.4 / 2.9 / diurnal / 4 / 2.62 / 2.13 / 0.75
Gobiidae / Amblygobius decussatus / 2.85 / 2.96 / diurnal / 4 / 2.8 / 2.74 / 0.96
Gobiidae / Amblygobius nocturnus / 2.66 / 2.8 / diurnal / 4 / 2.05 / 2.11 / 0.76
Gobiidae / Callogobius maculipinnis / 3.55 / 2.62 / diurnal / 4 / 3.15 / 2.1 / 0.82
Gobiidae / Ctenogobiops feroculus / 2.66 / 2.7 / diurnal / 4 / 1.51 / 1.41 / 0.57
Gobiidae / Exyrias belissimus / 2.64 / 2.86 / diurnal / 4 / 4.24 / 4.26 / 1.56
Gobiidae / Gobiodon quinquestrigatus / 2.87 / 2.47 / diurnal / 4 / 1.97 / 1.61 / 0.67
Gobiidae / Paragobiodon echinocephalus / 2.61 / 2.89 / diurnal / 4 / 1.57 / 1.75 / 0.64
Gobiidae / Valenciennea muralis / 4.36 / 2.46 / diurnal / 4 / 6.9 / 3.9 / 1.58
Latidae / Lates calcarifer / 3.55 / 2.42 / diurnal / 4 / 12.92 / 8.8 / 3.64
Nemipteridae / Scolopsis monogramma / 2.7 / 2.77 / diurnal / 4 / 16.6 / 17 / 6.14
Polynemidae / Eleutheronema tetradactylum / 3.37 / 2.39 / diurnal / 4 / 10.55 / 7.31 / 3.09
Pomacentridae / Amphiprion akindynos / 2.54 / 2.69 / diurnal / 4 / 5.47 / 5.6 / 2.16
Pseudochromidae / Ogilbyina queenslandiae / 2.84 / 2.82 / diurnal / 4 / 6.45 / 6.4 / 2.27
Serranidae / Cephalopholis boenak / 5.33 / 2.95 / diurnal / 4 / 13.74 / 7.11 / 2.59
Serranidae / Cephalopholis cyanostigma / 4.77 / 2.09 / diurnal / 4 / 25.4 / 11.73 / 5.66
Serranidae / Cephalopholis microprion / 4.16 / 2.62 / diurnal / 4 / 14.64 / 8.46 / 3.35
Serranidae / Epinephalus ongus / 5.13 / 2.83 / diurnal / 4 / 33.96 / 19.31 / 6.82
Synanceiidae / Synanceia horrida / 3.47 / 1 / diurnal / 4 / 23.2 / 6.67 / 6.69
Synanceiidae / Synanceia verrucosa / 4.36 / 1.36 / diurnal / 4 / 61 / 19 / 13.98
Synodontidae / Saurida gracilis / 4.71 / 1.88 / diurnal / 4 / 16.79 / 6.25 / 3.48
Synodontidae / Synodus dermatogenys / 4.58 / 2.05 / diurnal / 4 / 9.36 / 4.15 / 2.04
Terapontidae / Terapon jarbua / 3.02 / 2.76 / diurnal / 4 / 7.13 / 6.47 / 2.35
Tetraodontidae / Chelonodon patoca / 2.59 / 2.18 / diurnal / 4 / 11.37 / 9.57 / 4.47
Tetraodontidae / Marilyna pleurosticta / 3.22 / 2.55 / diurnal / 4 / 12.17 / 9.54 / 3.75
Bythitidae / Dinematichthys sp. / 3.63 / 1.57 / nocturnal / 4 / 2.55 / 1.09 / 0.70
Haemulidae / Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides / 3.29 / 2.56 / nocturnal / 4 / 28.4 / 22.1 / 8.64
Haemulidae / Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus / 2.62 / 2.34 / nocturnal / 4 / 25.03 / 22.34 / 9.54
Lutjanidae / Lutjanus carponotatus / 4.73 / 2.95 / nocturnal / 4 / 24.97 / 15.37 / 5.22