There Is a Vast and Steadily Expanding Literature on the Subject of European Integration

Bibliography

There is a vast and steadily expanding literature on the subject of European integration, and even a list of those books and articles currently available in English would be well beyond the scope of this Companion. However, the radical changes brought about by the Single European Act, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Treaties of Maastricht, Amsterdam, and Nice, the launch of the euro and the prospect of further enlargement have meant that many works are neither sufficiently up-to-date to be useful nor old enough to be historically interesting.

Some of the more specialized bibliographical references are to be found in the entries that form the main part of this book. In the bibliography that follows, which is limited, with few exceptions, to works in English, I have listed a broad selection of books both old and new, most of which contain bibliographies of their own. For reasons of space, I have had to omit all references to periodicals (the main ones are listed in Section 10). With very few exceptions, I have also omitted references to biographies and autobiographies of postwar politicians (such as Harold Macmillan, Konrad Adenauer or Georges Pompidou), even though many of these contain information or insights with a bearing on European integration, and to books aimed primarily at specific professional groups (such as businessmen or lawyers wanting to know more about the Single Market).

The most up-to-date bibliography of material in English on the European Communities is by John Paxton in the International Organizations series of "selective, critical, annotated bibliographies" (Clio Press, Oxford, 1992). This work, with 682 entries, contains only a small selection of references to periodical literature. Also very helpful is Eva Evans, A Selective Bibliography of Books on European Integration 1990-1994 (1995). Some idea of the quantity of pre-1977 material may be gained from Karl Kujath's Bibliographie zur Europäischen Integration (in German, French and English: Bonn, 1977), which runs to 732 pages.

A comprehensive range of materials may be found in the Commission's library in Brussels or in the European Parliament's main library in Luxembourg (there is a subsidiary collection in Brussels): both grant access to bona fide researchers, but neither lends material nor supplies documentation. The historical archives of the European Communities are kept at the European University Institute at Fiesole, near Florence. The Commission publishes a useful Guide to the Archives of Member States" Foreign Ministries and European Union Institutions (2nd edn, 1996).

Most of the major European organizations put out regular publications, either free or on subscription. The titles of these publications may be obtained either from the organization direct or from the appropriate entry in, for example, the Yearbook of International Organizations. Many of these organizations also have libraries open to the public or a press and information service. For European Union documentation, see above.

Except where stated otherwise, the place of publication for all books listed below is London.

1 General reference

Boudant, Joel, and Gounelle, Max, Les grandes dates de l'Europe communautaire (Paris, 1989). A comprehensive and well-arranged chronology, the fullest of its kind.

Blair, Alasdair, The Longman Companion to the European Union since 1945 (Harlow, 1999). Useful and reliable for facts, but short on analysis.

Brandstetter, Gerfried, Chronologisches Lexicon der Europäischen Integration (Vienna, 1996). Not as full as Boudant and Gounelle (see above) but very useful for the period 1988 to 1995.

Cook, Chris, and Paxton, John, European Political Facts, 1900-1996 (4th edn, Basingstoke, 1998). The standard reference book in English, although the emphasis is on the European states rather than on European integration (in relation to which there are many striking inaccuracies).

Cook, Chris, and Stevenson, John, The Longman Handbook of Modern European History 1763-1997 (3rd edn, Harlow, 1998). Concise, reliable reference book.

Drost, Harry, What's What and Who's Who in Europe (1995). Uniquely comprehensive "fact book" on current affairs.

The Economist Pocket Europe (5th edn, 2002). The most accessible one-volume collection of facts about the European states and international institutions, plus basic statistics.

Europe: A Thematic Atlas (1992). Published by The Economist, the atlas is a clear and comprehensive, if in places idiosyncratic, presentation of a wide range of data.

Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (ed.), The Peoples of Europe (2nd edn, 1997). Very useful socio-ethnographic handbook to all the national groupings in Europe, large and small.

Leonard, Dick, The Economist Guide to the European Union (7th edn, 2002). The best general handbook.

Ramsay, Anne, Eurojargon (1997). The fullest guide to the acronyms and argot of the Brussels institutions.

The Times Guide to the European Parliament (1979, 1984, 1989 and 1994 edns). Short biographies and photographs of all MEPs, with useful data on the results, the issues, the campaigns, etc., in all the member states. (Series now discontinued.)

Urwin, Derek, Dictionary of European History and Politics since 1945 (Harlow, 1996). Concise, comprehensive and authoritative.

Vanthoor, Wim, A Chronological History of the European Union 1946-1998 (Cheltenham, 1999). The most up-to-date of the chronologies.

Young, John W., The Longman Companion to Cold War and Detente 1941-91 (1993). Very useful factual guide to the politico-military background to

2 History

Armstrong, David, Lloyd, Lorna, and Redmond, John, From Versailles to Maastricht (Basingstoke, 1996). The Union in the context of international governance.

Barker, Sir Ernest, Clark, Sir George, and Vaucher, P. (eds), The European Inheritance (3 vols, Oxford, 1954). A survey by an international team of scholars, from the Bronze Age to 1950.

Beloff, Max, The United States and the Unity of Europe (1963). Classic study, now partially superseded by Duignan and Gann (see below).

Bossuat, Gérard, Les fondateurs de l'Europe unie (Paris, 2001). Contains a wealth of detail not easily found elsewhere on the early history of European integration.

Brugmans, Hendrik (ed.), Europe: Dream, Adventure, Reality (Brussels, n.d.). A valuable collection of essays, many of them by pioneers of integration, prepared for the 30th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.

Bussière, Eric, Dumoulin, Michel, and Trausch, Gilbert, Europa (Antwerp, 2001). Handsome gift book with a worthwhile text and valuable iconography.

Davies, Norman, Europe (Oxford, 1996). Lucid and comprehensive history.

Dell, Edmund, The Schuman Plan and the British Abdication of Leadership in Europe (Oxford, 1995). First-class analysis of a very revealing turn of events.

Delouche, Frédéric (ed.), Illustrated History of Europe (1993). Wide-ranging, well-balanced narrative by an international team.

Duignan, Peter, and Gann, L. H., The United States and the New Europe, 1945-1993 (Oxford, 1994). The fullest and most recent account of US-Europe relations.

Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste, Europe: A History of its Peoples (trs. Richard Mayne, 1990). A succinct history of Europe from a "European" point of view.

European Movement, The European Movement and the Council of Europe (n.d.). Of great interest for its account of the 1948 Congress of Europe in The Hague.

Fursdon, Edward, The European Defence Community: A History (1980). A very clear background to European states" postwar collaboration in the defence field; the standard work in English.

Haas, Ernst B., The Uniting of Europe: Political, Social and Economic Forces, 1950-1957 (Stanford, 1958). Pioneering and sympathetic study by an American scholar.

Hay, Denys, Europe: the Emergence of an Idea (rev. edn, Edinburgh, 1968). A pioneering study, still the only one of its kind in English.

Hogan, Michael, The Marshall Plan: America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952 (Cambridge, 1987). Not as readable as Mee (see below), but more detailed.

Joll, James, Europe since 1870 (3rd edn, Harmondsworth, 1983). Reliable and well-written concise history.

Laqueur, Walter, Europe in Our Time (Harmondsworth, 1993). A handy supplement to tell (see above) covering the postwar period.

Laughland, John, The Tainted Source: the Undemocratic Origins of the European Idea (1997). Highly original but not wholly convincing.

Lindberg, Leon L., The Political Dynamics of European Economic Integration (Stanford, 1963). Perceptive study within a conceptual framework still widely used; particularly strong on the customs union versus free trade area debate.

Lipgens, Walter, A History of European Integration, Vol. 1, 1945-1947 (only volume published: Oxford, 1982). Very detailed; the standard work (only volume published).

Lipgens, Walter (ed.), Documents on the History of European Integration (Berlin/New York): Vol. 1, Continental Plans for European Union, 1939-1945 (1985); Vol. 2, Plans for European Union in Great Britain and in Exile, 1939-1945 (1986); Vol. 3, The Struggle for European Union by Political Parties and Pressure Groups in Western European Countries, 1945-1950 (1988). Voluminous and authoritative collection of documents, with commentary; the only work of its kind.

Long, D., and Wilson, P., Thinkers of the Twenty Years" Crisis: Inter-war Idealism Reassessed (Oxford, 1995). Valuable for the intellectual background to European integration.

Mayne, Richard, The Community of Europe (1962); The Recovery of Europe (1970); Postwar: The Dawn of Today's Europe (1983). Although these three books overlap, they are all worth reading as lucid, well-informed accounts of European integration written from the inside.

Mayne, Richard, and Pinder, John, Federal Union: The Pioneers (1990). The only comprehensive study of the contribution made by British federalists to European integration, but too partisan for the non-specialist.

Mee, Charles L., The Marshall Plan: The Launching of the Pax Americana (New York, 1984). Stronger on the politics than the economics, but a readable account of a decisive episode (see also Hogan).

Milward, Alan, The Reconstruction of Western Europe 1945-1951 (1984). The most authoritative account in English of the early years of European integration.

Milward, Alan, The European Rescue of the Nation-State (2nd edn, 2000). Very detailed and independent-minded study of the birth of the European institutions; the basic thesis is implicit in the title.

Murray, Philomena, and Rich, Paul (eds), Visions of European Unity (Oxford, 1996). Full of valuable insights.

Rietbergen, Peter, Europe: A Cultural History (1998). A surprisingly successful and coherent history of European creativity.

Scott, George, The Rise and Fall of the League of Nations (1973). Clearly written non-specialist study of the League, offering some instructive parallels with postwar European institutions.

Shore, Chris, Building Europe (2000).
An account of the "cultural politics" of integration, yielding many insights.

Stirk, P. M. R. (ed.), European Unity in Context: The Interwar Period (1989). Very useful collection of essays.

Stirk, P. M. R., A History of European Integration since 1914 (1996). Original and persuasive with an unusually wide range of sources.

Temperley, A. C., The Whispering Gallery of Europe (1938). An inside account of the League of Nations by the man who acted as military adviser to successive British delegations.

Urwin, Derek, A Political History of Western Europe since 1945 (5th edn, Harlow, 1997). Serviceable and reliable history.

Weigall, David, and Stirk, Peter (eds), The Origins and Development of European Integration (1999). Digs deeper and more widely than most comparable studies, to good effect.

Western European Union, Ten Years of Seven-Power Europe (Paris, 1964). Concentrates on security issues, but contains a very good essay by Peter Kirk MP, the first Conservative leader in the European Parliament, on "The British Question-mark to Europe".

White, Theodore H., Fire in the Ashes: Europe in Mid-Century (1954). Stimulating survey of postwar Europe by a distinguished American historian.

Winand, Pascaline, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and the United States of Europe (Basingstoke, 1993). Essential to an understanding of US influence in the early years.

Young, John W., Britain, France and the Unity of Europe 1945-51 (Leicester, 1984). Standard history of Franco-British relations in the immediate post-war years: particularly valuable for its account of the origins of the Council of Europe and the British reaction to the Schuman Plan.

3 The United Kingdom and Europe

Baker, David, and Seawright, David (eds), Britain for and against Europe (Oxford, 1998). Excellent collection of essays.

Black, Jeremy, Convergence or Divergence? Britain and the Continent (1994). Comprehensive survey of relations between the United Kingdom and the Continent since the time of the Romans.

Bullen, Roger, and Pelly, M. E. (eds), Documents on British Policy Overseas, Series 11, Vol. 1 (1986). Documents from official archives on the Schuman Plan and the Council of Europe, 1950-52, with introduction, detailed chronology and explanatory notes.

Charlton, Michael, The Price of Victory (1983). Uniquely interesting and valuable account of the United Kingdom's attitude to European integration, much of it based on interviews with the politicians and civil servants directly involved.

Denman, Roy, Missed Chances (1995). Polemical, first-hand account of the United Kingdom's mishandling of its European opportunities.

Forster, Anthony, Euroscepticism in Contemporary British Politics (2002). Astute study of an enduring phenomenon.

George, Stephen, Britain and European Integration since 1945 (2nd edn, Oxford, 1994). Similar in scope to Young (see below), and reaches broadly the same conclusions.

George, Stephen, An Awkward Partner: Britain in the EC (3rd edn, Oxford, 1998). Balanced general survey.

Gowla, David, and Turner, Arthur (eds), Britain and European Integration 1945-1998 (2000). A useful "documentary history".

Joll, James (ed.), Britain and Europe: Pitt to Churchill, 1793-1940 (1950). Selected texts with a commentary.

Kaiser, Wolfram, Using Europe, Abusing the Europeans (Basingstoke, 1996). Vigorous account of the early years (1945-63) of the United Kingdom's relations with Europe.

Kitzinger, Uwe, Diplomacy and Persuasion: How Britain joined the Common Market (1973). The standard history.

Lindsay, Kenneth, European Assemblies (1960). Indispensable for the early history.

Lord, Christopher, Absent at the Creation: Britain and the Formation of the European Community, 1950-52(Aldershot, 1996). Concise but thorough and well-balanced (see also Dell in section 2).

Ludlow, Piers, Dealing with Britain (Cambridge, 1997). Authoritative politico-diplomatic account of the United Kingdom's relations with the European Community.

Mather, Janet, The European Union and British Democracy (Basingstoke, 2000). The impact of the EU process and institutions on British political life.

Nutting, Anthony, Europe Will Not Wait (1960). Widely read in its day, a plea by a former minister of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, who resigned over Suez, for Britain to get more involved in European integration.

O'Neill, Sir Con, Britain's Entry into the European Community (2000). An authoritative account, drawn up in 1972, of the negotiations by the head of the negotiating team, never before published.

Passerini, Luisa, Europe in Love, Love in Europe (1999). Idiosyncratic study of Europe's place in the British imagination between the World Wars.