INDONESIA
Language: Indonesian
Bahasa Indonesia
The Indonesian language is written in the roman script. More than 300 ethnic or sub-ethnic groups live in Indonesia, each speaks its own language or dialect and has its own method of giving names to its members. Christian, Islamic, and Hindu cultures have their significant influences on Indonesian names. Aside fromforenames or given names, there isa family or clan name element in the names of the members ofsome ethnic groups such as Batak andManadoneseandof the ethnic groups living in East Nusa Tenggara, Molucca and Papua. Also there is a tendency among the members of the nobility, ruling power and middle class to use father’s name as the second and third part of a name, which later on becomesa family name. Names consisting of one word are very common, as well as those containing two or more elements. The modernization of the spelling of Indonesian in 1972 has brought aboutvariation in the spelling of Indonesian personal names. For example, anauthor may present his/her name in old spelling (e.g. Soedjatmoko) or in modern spelling (e.g. Sujatmoko).
NAME ELEMENTS
Elements normally forming part of a name
Element / Type / Examples1. Given name / simple, consisting of one word / Abdurahman
Agustinus
Djoko
Edward
Fatmawati
Hernandono
Sukarno
Syafi’ie
Yulinar
two or more / Achmad Subardjo
Arif Rahman
Arif Rahman Hakim
Budi Puspo Priyadi
Djoko Santoso
Endang Gunarti
Franciscus Xaverius Wiranto
Sapardi Djoko Damono
Sri Rejeki
terms denoting birth order ―Balinese
terms denoting birth order―Javanese / Wayan (meaning “first”; for boys)
Putu (meaning “first”; for girls)
Made (meaning “second”; for boys)
Nengah (meaning “second”; for girls)
Nyoman (meaning “third”; for boys)
Komang (meaning “third”; for girls)
Ketut (meaning “fourth”; for boys)
Luh (meaning “fourth”; for girls)
Eko; Eka (meaning “first”; usually for boys)
Dwi (meaning “second”; for boys and girls)
Tri (meaning “third”; for boys and girls)
Catur (meaning “fourth”; for boys and girls)
Panca; Ponco (meaning “fifth”; for boys and girls)
compound / Abshar-Abdalla
Herry-Priyono
Sulistyo-Basuki
initials or abbreviations preceding or following or in the middle of names / Moch. (in Moch. Tolchah)
Mz. (in Zaenuddin Mz.)
T. (in Marga T.)
W.M. (in Abdul Hadi W.M.)
W.S. (in W.S. Rendra)
2. Adult name / simple / Kartawinata
Mangunwijaya
Notodipuro
Purbodiningrat
Surjomihardjo
3. Father’s name / Alisjahbana
Anwar
Djojohadikusumo
Habibie
Hatta
Notowidagdo
Sastroamidjojo
Shihab
Wahid
bin (son of) Nuh
binti (daughter of) Harun
4. Clan name / simple / Abineno
Alvares
Da Costa
Dimara
Hehanusa
Kassiepo
Lawalatta
Lubis
Nasution
Pangemanan
Parera
Ribeiro
Seda
Soares
Tilaar
compound / Donggo-Hutagalung
Kalangie-Pandey
Magnis Suseno
Tjan Silalahi
5. Family name / simple
Note: Family names are actually parent’s or father’s names that are passed on to descendants or adopted by a person after he/she marries. / Anwar
Hatta
Djiwandono
Djojohadikusumo
Pusponegoro
Tedjasukmana
compound / Cesar de Silva
Dias Veira
Kleden-Probonegoro
Kodijat-Marzuki
Kuntjoro-Jakti
Pinajungan-Mahdi
Purbo-Hadiwidjojo
Sahetapy-Engel
6. Phrase name / aname made up of one or more words and cannot be considered a pseudonym;mostly used by radio presenters and newspaper columnists / Mang Usil
Nyonya Rumah
Pak Besut
7. Traditional title name [See Appendix 1] / preceding or following or in the middle of a name / Aman Datuk Madjoindo
Daeng Sudirwo
Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Puger
Raden Ajeng Kartini
Rustam Sutan Palindih
Sutan TakdirAlisjahbana
Note:
A married woman may take her husband’s name, whether family or clan name: / Harjati Siagian
Lily K. Somadikarta
Rosalitia T.Matondang
or her husband’s whole name preceded by the prefix Ibu (Mrs.), Ny. for Nyonya (Mrs.): / Ibu Tien Suharto
Ny. Arudji Kartawinata
or retain her personal name followed by her husband’s family name or clan name and her maiden name, usually linked by a hyphen: / Marwah Daud Ibrahim
Nani Suwondo-Surasno
Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro
Reny Siwabessy-Putiray
Rusinah Sjahrial-Pamuncak
or take her husband’s name (whole or part): / Martha Tilaar
Merian Boediardjo
Nelly Adam Malik
Tien Soeharto
or take her father’s name (whole or part): / Evavani Chairil Anwar
Mastini Hardjoprakoso
Rosita Pamuntjak
Name elements can be combined in various ways:
1. Personal name(s) – single / Agustinus
Alfian
Marjohan
Sulastri
Syafi’ie
2. Personal name(s) – two or more / Ali Amran
Franciscus Xaverius Wiranto
3 Personal name(s) +terms of birth order / Catur Suharyanto
Dwi Ratna
Eko Prasetyo
Ketut Tantri
Putu Laxman Pendit
Ragil Kuning
4. Personal name(s) – terms of kinship (teknonym) / Men Jaya
Opani Meling
Siama Ani
5. Personal name(s) + father’s name / Anwar Jusuf
Evavani Chairil Anwar
Susetyo Poerwadarminta
Wasito Wojowasito
6. Personal name(s) + traditional clan and family name / Abdurrachman Surjomihardjo
Amir Taat Nasution
Djuned Poesponegoro
Gerrit Siwabessy
Marius Ramis Dajoh
Mochtar Kusumaatmadja
Mochtar Lubis
Sumitro Djojohadikusumo
7. Personal name(s) + husband’s name / Hurustiati Subandrio
Lily K. Somadikarta
Nelly Adam Malik
Saparinah Sadli
Additional elements to names
Element / Use / Examples1. Honorific titles Raden, Marah, Mas, etc. [See Appendix 1] / usually before a name to indicate royalty, hereditary, nobility, office, promotion among royal courts, etc. / Marah Rusli
Mas Abdullah
Raden Ajeng Kartini
Raden Mas Ngabei Purbatjaraka
2. Religious titles Haji, etc. [See Appendix 2] / usually before a name / Haji Ruslan Abdulgani
Kiai Haji Mohammad Ilyas
3. Terms of address Tuan(Mr.),Nyonyaor Ny.(Mrs.),Bapak (Mr.),Ibu(Mrs.) / usually before a name / Ny. Supardjo Rustam
Nyonya Adam Malik
ORDER OF ELEMENTS IN CATALOGUE HEADINGS
The selection of entry elements for Indonesian personal names has undergone a considerable change with the issuance of the Decree Number 20 of the Year 2005 of the Director of the National Library of Indonesia on the Entry Word and Spelling of Indonesian Authors’ Names as Heading.Such decree annulled the rules for Indonesian names that wereproposed by the founding fathers of the Indonesian library more than 50 years ago, weresubmitted to The International Conference on Cataloguing Principles in Paris in 1961 and became a national standard in 1975.The rules have been widely observed in Indonesian libraries and taught in Indonesian library schools.Among Indonesian ethnic groups, only Batak, Moluccans, Manadonese, and Papuans and the members of the small ethnic groups living in East Nusa Tenggara, Bolaang Mongondow, and Sangir Talaud have family or clan name elements in their names. The names of Javanese, the Indonesia’s largest ethnic group, and of the members of the other ethnic groups maybeconsist of one word, e.g. Sukarno, or two or more words, e.g. Goenawan Muhamad and Alexander Muhammad Fajar, whichstill are forenames (given names).However there is a tendency among the members of the ruling power and middle class and successful persons to use their father’s name as part of personal names, which later on becomes a family name.
According to the decree, Indonesian names fall into two categories: those that contain an element that isconsidereda family or clan name, and those that donot containany element that is considered a family or clan name.
Cataloguers should exercise caution with regard to family names. Family names are used only by few of Indonesia’s ethnic groups.It is not easy to ascertain whether the last element of a name is a family name or a given namesince adult names are usually father’s names. Asmall number ofthe members of the ethnic groups that traditionally do not use family names in their namesretain family names in their children’s namesfor social reasons. The members of these ethnic groups sometimes add their father’s names to their names after they marryor when they hold certain jobs (e.g. Dwidjosarojo,in which“Dwidjo” isa prefix commonly used by teachers). Authority lists of Indonesian author’s names published after 2005, the year the decree was put into force, need to be consulted to identify family names.
Note: Indonesian names in old spelling (ch for kh; dj for j; tj for c;j for y;oe for u) should be transcribed as they are printed on the author’s works. It is common practice that an author presentshis/her name in old and modern spelling, e.g. Soerachman and Surakhman.
The names of Indonesian Chinese authors that were changed to Indonesian names to comply with the Presidential Decree of 1967should be treated according to the cataloguing rules of Indonesian names. However, they tend to usethe last part of their Indonesian names as their new family names, e.g. Edward Suryajaya; Anthony Salim; Mary L. Pangestu; Mochtar Riady.
General rule
Type of name / Entry element / Examples1. Namescontaining family or clan name elements / family or clan name elements or, in the case of a compound element, the first part of of the element. If the element is sometimes written as one word or as separate words, the one-word version is preferred with appropriate references. / ANWAR, Dewi Fortuna CHANIAGO, Sabirin
DONGGO-HUTAGALUNG, M. Poppy
KALANGIE-PANDEY, A.A.M
KATOPPO, Marianne
LUMBANTORUAN, Sophar
MAGNIS SUSENO, Franz
NASUTION, Andi Hakim
PAMUNTJAK, Rosita
SHIHAB, M. Quraish
SIWABESSY, G.A.
TAIRAS, J.N.B.
TISNAAMIDJAJA, Doddy
TJAN SILALAHI, Harry
Exceptions:
Type of name / Entry element / Examples1. Names that donot contain family or clan name elements / first elements indirect order / ABDURAHMAN
AHMAD Tohari
ARIF Rahman
FRANCISCUS XAVERIUS Wiranto
JATNA Supriatna
JOKO Ridho Witono
MEUTIA F. Swasono
SUKARNO
YULINAR
elements preceding di, el, nan, etc. in direct order / PAMUNCAK nan Sakti
SURIA DI REDJA
USMAN el Muhammady
2. Names containing initials or abbreviations as the first or last elements / first elementspreceding or following initials or abbreviations in direct order / ABDUL HADI W.M.
ARIFIEN, Moch.
MARGA T.
NENDEN LILIS A.
ZAENUDDIN Mz.
SALAM ARIF, Abd.
SAMSUDIN S., U.
x U. Samsudin S.
3. Names preceded by religious titles such asHaji, Kardinal, etc. [See Appendix 2] / elements following the titles in direct order / DARMAATMAJA, Julius, Kardinal
x Julius Kardinal Darmaatmaja
MOHAMMAD ILYAS, Kiai Haji
RUSLAN ABDULGANI, Haji
4. Names containing honorific titles such as Raden, Sutan, etc. [See Appendix 1] / elements following or preceding the titles in direct order / MADJOINDO, Aman Datuk
x Aman Datuk Madjoindo
MOHAMMAD DAUDSJAH, Tengku
PALINDIH, Rustam Sutan
x Rustam Sutan Palindih
RANGGAWARSITA, Raden Ngabei
TAN MALAKA, Ibrahim gelar Datuk
5. Names preceded by terms of address such as Ny., Ibu, etc. / elements following the terms in direct order / SUPARDJO RUSTAM, Ny.
TIEN SUHARTO, Ibu
6. Phrase names / first elements indirect order / MANG USIL
NYONYA RUMAH
PAK BESUT
Appendix 1: List of Indonesian commonly used honorific titles
Adipati; Aji (or Adji); Anak Agung (or Agoeng); Anak Agung (or Agoeng) Istri; Andi; Baginda; Baiq; Cokorde (or Tjokorde); Cut (or Tjut); Daeng; Datuk (or Datoek); Desak; Dewa Gede (or Gde); Gusti (or Goesti); Gusti Ayu (orGoesti Ajoe, Goesti Aju); Gusti Gde (orGoesti Gede, Gusti Gede, Goesti Gde); Ida Ayu (or Aju, Ajoe); Ida Bagus (or Bagoes); Karaeng; Kiagus (or Kiagoes); Kiemas; La Ode; Lalu (or Laloe); Marah; Mas; Masayu (or Masaju, Masajoe); Ngabei (or Ngabehi); Nganten; Nimas; Pangeran; Pedanda; Pocut (or Pocoet); Puti (or Poeti); Raden; Raden Ajeng (or Adjeng); Raden Aria; Raden Ayu (or Aju, Ajoe); Raden Mas; Raden Nganten; Raden Panji (or Pandji); Raden Roro; Raja (or Radja); Ratu (or Ratoe); Sako; Sultan (or Soeltan); Susuhunan (or Soesoehoenan); Sutan (or Soetan); Tengku (or Tengkoe); Teuku; Tuanku (or Toeankoe); Tubagus (or Toebagoes); Tumenggung (or Toemenggoeng); Wa Ode.
Note: More than two titles are often used to indicate hierarchy in royal families, e.g. Raden Mas Tumenggung,Gusti Raden Ajeng.
Appendix 2: Indonesian commonly used religious titles
Haji (or Hadji; for Muslim men; usually shortened to “H.”); Hajjah (or Haddjah; for Muslim women; usually shortened to”Hj.”); Kardinal; Kiai Haji (or Hadji); Uztadz (for male Islamic religious teachers; sometimes shortened to “Uzt.”); Uztadzah (for female Islamic religious teachers).
National cataloguing code
Keputusan Kepala Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2005 tentang Kata Utama dan Ejaan untuk Tajuk Nama Pengarang Indonesia.
(The Decree Number 20 of the Year 2005 of the Head of the National Library of Indonesia on the Entry Word and Spelling of Indonesian Authors’ Names as Heading.)
Petunjuk teknis penentuan kata utama dan ejaan untuk tajuk nama pengarang Indonesia. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional RI, 2006.
(Technical guidelines for determining the entryword and spelling of Indonesian authors’ names as heading.)
National authority file of names
Daftar nama pengarang Indonesia = Authority file for Indonesian names. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional, 1986.
Daftar tajuk nama pengarang Indonesia. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional RI, 2006.
(Authority list of the main entry of Indonesian authors.)
Daftar tajuk nama pengarang Indonesia. Edisi 2. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional, 2007. (Authority list of the main entry of Indonesian authors.)
Daftar tajuk nama pengarang Indonesia: nama marga, nama gelar adat kebangsawanan, dan nama keturunan Cina. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional RI, 2007.
(Authority list of the main entry of Indonesian authors: clan names, titles of nobility, and names of Chinese descendants.)
Contains exhaustive lists of Manado/Minahasa, Batak and Ambonese family and clan names and of Javanese and Achinese titles of nobility.
Sources and recommended references
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Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003) Prosiding,pp:37-44
(Indonesian author entry word: problems and its solutions.)
Berg, L.W.C. van den. De inlandsche rangen en titels op Java en Madoera.Batavia:
Landsdrukkerij, 1867.
(The native rank and titles in Java and Madura.)
Colebrooke, V.T. R. “On the proper names of the Mohammedans.” Journal of the
Royal Society, New Series 11, 1879:171-237
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1962.
Djamour, Judith. Malay kinship and marriage in Singapore. London: The Athlone
Press, 1959.
Geertz, Clifford and Geertz, Hildred. “Teknonymy in Bali: parenthood, age-grading and genealogical amnesia.” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of the Great Britain and Ireland, 44, 1964:4-103
Hadiwijana, R.D.S. Nama2 Indonesia. Jogja: Spring, 1968.
(Indonesian names.)
Hurgronje, C. Snouck. De Atjehers. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij, 1893.
(The Achinese.)
International Conference on Cataloguing Principles, Paris, 1961. Report. London:
IFLA, 1964.
Kho, Lian Tie. “Malayan names.” Majalah Perpustakaan Singapura, April 1962:29-
34
Kohlbrugge, J.H.F. “Naamgeving in Insulinde.” Bijdrage van Taal-, Land- en
Volkenkunde, 6 (8) 1901:141-178
(Name giving in Indonesia.)
Kreemer J. Atjeh. Leiden: Brill, 1922-1923.
Lie, Oen Hock. Tjatatan sipil di Indonesia. Djakarta: keng Po, 1961.
(Civil registration in Indonesia.)
Mansveld, G. “Iets over namen en galars onder Maleiers in de Padangsche
bovenlanden, bepaldelijk in Noordelijke Agam.” Tijdscrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 23, 1876:442-457
(Names and titles among the Melayu inUpper Padang, especially in the northern Agam.)
Masykur, Nur Rif’ah.”Peraturan mengenai kata utama dan ejaan pada nama
pengarang Indoensia.”In Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003) Prosiding, pp: 45-49
(Rules on the entry word and spelling of Indonesia names.)
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pengarang Indonesia: suatu gagasan.” In Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003) Prosiding,pp: 5-17
(Rules on the entry word and spelling of Indonesian author entry words: a thinking.)
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(Methodsof writingJavanese names in the catalogue/bibliography.)
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(Name giving.)
Nata, I Gusti Ngurah Made; Prajitno, Teguh Wahjono dan Soedardi. “Gelar dan
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(Titles and title names used by the Balinese.)
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(Lecture note on Sociology, especially name giving in Bantenese Sultanate in 15th and 16th century.)
Pamuntjak, Roesina. “Penentuan katautama dari nama Minangkabau.” Perpustakaan Arsip Dokumentasi, 2, 1957:25-27
(Entry word for Minangkabaunese names.)
Peraturan katalogisasi Indonesia. Edisi 4. Jakarta: Perpustakaan nasional, 1996.
(Indonesian cataloguing rules.)
Peraturan2 mengkatalog nama pengarang Indonesia.1972? Mimeographed
(Rule for cataloguing Indonesian names.)
Peraturan penentuan nama-nama Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Dokumentasi Informasi
Nasional 1975.
(Rules for Indonesian author names.)
Perelaer, M.T.H. Ethnographische beschrijving der Dajaks. Zalt-Bommel, 1870.
(Ethnographical description on the Dayaknese.)
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(Javanese namegiving and personal names.)
Prijono. “Indonesian names and titles.” Indonesian Review, 2 (1) 1955:1-15
Radjabungaran, Sutan. “Tarombo dan marga Batak.” Gendang Budaja, 2, 1963:295-
(Tarombo and Bataknese marga.)
Rony, A. Kohar. An analysis of Indonesian name pattern. Unpublished Master’s theses
– Catholic University of America–1968.
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(Contains a list of honorific titles.)
Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia(Jakarta:2003). Prosiding. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional, 2003.
(Seminar on Indonesian author names.)
“Seminar perpustakaan.” Bulletin Perpustakaan dan Dokumentasi, 3 (1) 1973:33-36
(Library seminars.)
Sulistyo-Basuki. “Pengaruh pembaharuan ejaan terhadap katalogisasi.” Bulletin
Perpustakaan dan Dokumentasi, 3 (1) 1973:21-26
(The impact of new Indonesian spelling reform toward cataloguing.)
------.Penentuan katautama nama-nama Indonesia. Skripsi–Universitas
Indonesia–1974.
(Entry word for Indonesian names.)
(Undergraduate paper)
------. “Penentuan tajuk entri utama nama-nama Indonesia berdasarkan pola
nama Indonesia dan kebiasaan penulisan di bahan perpustakaan”. In Seminar Nama Pengarang Indonesia (Jakarta: 2003) Prosiding, pp: 18-36
(Entry word for Indonesian names based on Indonesian name patterns and those commonly found in the literature.)