GHS, Jama-E-Osmania, OU Campus, Hyd
ENGINES:
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ngine,machine for converting energy into motion or mechanical work. The energy is usually supplied in the form of a chemical fuel, such as oil or petrol (gasoline), steam, or electricity, and the mechanical work is most commonly delivered in the form of rotary motion of a shaft.
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ngines are usually classified according to the form of energy they utilize, as steam, compressed air, and petrol; the type of motion of their principal parts, as reciprocating and rotary; the place where the exchange from chemical to heat energy takes place, as internal combustion and external combustion; the method by which the engine is cooled, as air-cooled or water-cooled; the position of the cylinders of the engine, as V, in-line, and radial; the number of strokes of the piston for a complete cycle, as two-stroke and four-stroke; the type of cycle, as Otto (in ordinary petrol engines) and diesel; and the use for which the engine is intended, as car and aircraft engines.
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ngines are often called motors, although the term motor is sometimes restricted to engines that transform electrical energy into mechanical energy (see Electric Motors and Generators). Other specialized engines are the windmill, gas turbine, steam turbine, and rocket and jet engines.
COMBUSTION SYSTEM:
The Combustion System fuel into the power that propels the car. In this diagram,
the fuel injector sprays fuel into the intank manifold, where it mixes with air on its way into the cylinders. Inside the cylinder, the pistons compress the fuel-air mixtureas they pump upwards. Spark plugs ignite the compressed fuel in a small explosion, which drives the pistons downwards. Each piston connected to the crankshaft and as the piston moves up and down, the crankshaft turns. The crankshaft transfers this power to the transmission, which ultimately turns the axles and wheels.
LUBRICATING SYSTEM:
The Lubricating System reduces the friction produced by the engine’s moving part, which may rub against each other thousands of times per minute. The main lubricant in a motor engine is motor oil, which is held in an oil pan or engine sump, underneath the engine.
A pump circulates the oil through the tubes called galleries to all the moving parts of the engine. Before the oil circulates to the engine, it passes through an oil filter, which strains particles from the oil.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:
The Electrical System manages the engine and provides the electricity necessary to keep the engine running. Turning a key in the ignition allows electricity to flow from the battery to the starter. The starter includes a small motor that turns the crankshaft and sets the pistons in motion. As the crankshaft turns, it provides power to the alternator, which converts the turning power to electricity. This electricity ignites the spark plugs, recharges the battery, and operates the car’s lights, radio, stereos, horns, and other electrical features. Most new cars also use small computers called electronic control units the monitor and regulate many of the car’s functions.
COOLING SYSTEM:
The Cooling System draws the heat away from the engine block, which would otherwise wrap at the temperatures generated by the combustion and friction. In water-cooled engines, a pump circulates engine. Coolant, a mixture of water and antifreeze, through the non-moving parts of the engine to absorb heat. The coolant flows through tubes in the radiator, where heat passes from the tubes into thin metal fins. A fan blows air through the fins to increase the rate of cooling.
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