Test 2 (Based on Varga 2010: 48 64)

Introduction to English Linguistics – correspondence course – 2016 – BBK

Sample test questions(based on thein-class discussion andthe readings [Varga 2010: 8-16, 38-64; StrE2016: Ch. 1.1, 2.1])

Complete the sentences.

Every human language is organised into two layers: a meaningless one and a meaningful one. This is called...
Human beings can produce and understand an infinite number of new messages that they have never heard before. This is called...
Words are composed of basic sounds called...
The discrete degrees of stress in English are: non-stress, tertiary stress, secondary stress, and...
In languages like Chinese, pitch patterns are used as “word melodies”, because they can distinguish the meanings of words that are segmentally identical. Such languages are called...
The absence of a natural bond between sign-exponents and their referents is called…
The ability to use language in connection with things and events remote in space and time is called...
When the only difference between two words is that one has one phoneme where the other has another phoneme, the two words constitute a...
The most significant suprasegmental elements are pitch patterns and...
In languages like English or Hungarian, pitch patterns are used as parts of “utterance melodies”, because they distinguish the meanings of utterances that are in other respects identical. Such languages are called...
Words in languages which imitate actions, movements, and the sounds made by objects or living creatures, are called...
The opposite of well-formed is…
The study of the structure of words is called...
The mental storehouse of all the words of a language is called...
The study of sentence structure is called…
In the sense in which we use the word grammar, it means the same as linguistic...
The process whereby human babies learn their first language(s) is called language...
The knowledge of a language is called competence, while its actual use is called...
Ungrammatical structures are conventionally marked with a(n)...
The branch of phonetics which examines the vocal organs and their role in the production of speech sounds is called…
When the vocal cords are together and the air stream passing through between them makes them vibrate, the sound produced will be…
The other name of the soft palate is…
If the back of the velum is lowered, the air can escape through the nose and the mouth. Sounds produced this way are …
The three-term phonetic description of consonants includes voicing, place of articulation, and…
Plosives, fricatives and affricates are produced with a stricture impeding the flow of air, and therefore they can be called…
Vowelscan be represented with regard to the ……….. and ……….. tongue position within the oral cavity.
The theoretical vowels or orientation points with reference to which all vowels of all languages can be accommodated are called…
A complex vowel during the production of which one tongue position is changed into another is called…
The kind of phonetics dealing with aspects characterising larger units than segments is called…
The pronunciation of Standard British English is sometimes referred to as…
The positional alternants of a phoneme are called…
If two language elements occur in mutually exclusive environments, then they are said to be in…
Phonemes can be decomposed into bundles (sets) of …
Phonological rules typically have the form: …
An example of reflexive pronouns in English is...
The accusative case form of the third person singular masculine personal pronoun is…
The two forms of adjectives, the -er and -est forms (e.g., bigger and biggest) are called...
The two forms of personal pronouns, e.g., I and me, are called...
A morpheme which cannot stand on its own and is always attached to another morpheme is called...
An affix which is attached to the left of the base/stem is called...
A sentence that is composed of a single clause is called…
Give an English example of compounds.
In a tree diagram the topmost point, the bottom points,and all those intermediate points at which the tree branches are called…
In subordination, one clause is the main clause and the other is the…
Languages (like Classical Chinese and, predominantly, English) in which most words consist of single morphemes are called...
Languages like Hungarian in which most words are sequences of separable morphemes are called...
The abstract “word” underlying all the word forms (syntactic words) (like WOMAN to woman, women, woman’s, women’s) is called...
The difference between the morphological structure of battleship and hardship is that...
The difference between the morphological structure of finger and singer is that...
The grammatical function of the underlined constituent in Garfield likes lasagna is…
The grammatical function of the underlined constituent in Garfield likes teasing Odie is…
The list of word forms (syntactic words) is called...
The subclause in the NP the shoes which we saw last week is called…
The subject and the complement(s) together are said to be the … of the predicate.
The word lab (from laboratory) is the result of the word-formation process called...
The word smog (from smoke + fog) is the result of the word-formation process called...
The word YMCA is the result of the word-formation process called…
The words a, an, thebelong to the word class called…
The words in, from, atbelong to the word class called…
Word classes like conjunction, auxiliary and pronoun, whose members do not have (much) semantic content but fulfill grammatical functions are called...
Words like small, red, tired, hungry belong to the word class called…
Words like mine, him, everybody, myself belong to the word class called…