Human Anatomy and Physiology Fall Semester Exam Review- 2009

Human Anatomy and Physiology Fall Semester Exam Review- 2014

Chapter 1

Know the characteristics of living organisms.

Define anatomy and physiology

Define Histology

Define metabolism

Define pathology

Define homeostasis

Know all the anatomical directional terms (Table 1-2)

Know all the anatomical landmarks (fig.1-6)

Know the ventral body cavity and its subdivisions (Figure 1-10)

Know the location and function of the diaphragm. (What it separates)

Know the Planes of Section (Figure 1-9)

Describe negative feedback and positive feedback and give examples of each

Understand the relationship between form and function in physiology

Know the primary function of all the organ systems (fig. 1-2)

Chapter 4

Know the primary tissue types and their functions

Define tissue

Know the primary characteristic of epithelial tissue

Know the function and location of a basement membrane

Know and describe the basic shapes of epithelial cells

Know the primary characteristics of connective tissue

Define a fibroblast

Know the dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue

Define a chondrocyte

Defined an osteocyte

Know the primary characteristic of muscle tissue

Know the primary characteristic of nervous tissue

Explain why cartilage heals slowly

Know the types of muscle tissue

Know the functions of connective tissue

Chapter 5

Know the functions of the integumentary system

Know the layers of the epidermis and describe their functions

Understand the difference between 5-layer skin and 4-layer skin (know the extra layer)

Know the 3 layers of the cutaneous membrane and their order (superficial to deep)

Describe the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

Describe the cause of body odor

Know what forms “goose bumps”

Describe the function of melanin

Describe what happens when skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation

Know the functions to the skin

Know which system synthesizes Vitamin D

Chapter 6

Know the functions of the skeletal system

Define osteocyte

Differentiate between osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Describe the location and function of canaliculi

Know the function and location of red bone marrow

Describe the function and location of trabeculae

Know the function of sutures in the skull

Know what the presence of an epiphyseal line indicates

Know the most abundant mineral in the human body

Know the function of calcitonin

Know the function/necessity of Vitamin D

Define osteopenia

Differentiate between true and false ribs

Understand the role of fontanels

Know the functions of a synovial membrane

Know the angular (fig. 6-32) and rotational (fig.6-33) movements

Describe the result of the epiphyseal plate being replaced by bone

Know the general anatomical differences between the 5 types of vertebrae (and discs)

Know the relationship between joint mobility and joint strength

Chapter 7

Know the functions of skeletal muscle

Know the primary myofibrils

Describe how skeletal muscle fibers differ from “typical cells”

Describe the function of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase

Define sarcoplasm

Define sarcomere

Describe the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction (generally)

Know the most likely cause of a muscle cramp

Know the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (what is stored there)

Explain the “all-or-none” response of muscle contraction

Explain the result of an action potential arriving at the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Define the motor end plate

Know what causes the striated appearance of skeletal muscle

Know the difference between origin and insertion in relation to muscle attachment

Describe smooth muscle

Know the location and function of the major muscles (those on the manikens)

Know the cause of rigor mortis

Describe isometric and isotonic contractions

Describe how the bacterium that causes tetanus exerts its affects