Genetics Notes - Teacher

KEY WORDS/
QUESTIONS / NOTES
The History of Mendel & Genetics:

SECTION 8.1

ACTIVITIES:
  1. Classroom Traits Tally (Biologycorner.com)
  2. DNAFTB: Mendel’s Design
/ MENDEL: Key  Mendel had no idea about DNA/Chromosomes. Referred to what was being transmitted as “factors”.
Key Traits to success:
  1. Careful observations & PATIENCE!
  2. Mathematically savvy enough to recognize patterns in his data
  3. Choice of plant to study:
  4. easy to cross-pollinate
  5. easy to grow
  6. LOTS of offspring
  7. Traits investigated only controlled by 2 alleles instead of multiples
Mendel’s Experimental Design:
*Based on information from TA Knight
  1. Set up & collect data from true breeding plants (P generation)
  2. F1 Generation
  3. F2 Generation

Relationship between Genes and Chromosomes / Key: Make sure they understand that the letters they use for the Punnet Squares are coming from these alleles on the chromosomes ...Perhaps show them only one set of genes-maternal and paternal
Mendelian Genetics “NORMAL PATTERNS:

SECTION 8.2/8.3

ACTIVITIES:
  1. DNAFTB
  2. Biology Corner Punnet Squares, Oompa Loompa Genetics, Smiley Face Project
  3. Basha Punnett Square Packet
  4. Corn Genetics
  5. Pipe Cleaner Alleles
/ *Review Vocab: dominant, recessive, genotype, phenotype, allele, heterozygous, homozygous, monohybrid, dihybrid, test cross

Monohybrid Cross Dihybrid Cross
KEY Ratios: 1:2:1, 3:1, 9:3:3:1 (and whether they are PR or GR)

Mendel’s Laws

/
  1. Law of Segregation: alleles separate from each other. Seen during anaphase when you are making gametes. This ensures that the egg or sperm only get one copy of the allele so problems don’t happen with doubling up the DNA content.
  1. Law of Independent ssortment: genes on different chromosomes are inherited independently of one another. This is really seen at metaphase I where it doesn’t matter how the non-homologous chromosomes line up. Just b/c one dominant gene went to one side, not all the dominant alleles have to go the same direction.