Learning Objectives
Chapter Eleven – The Blood and Body Defenses
1.Outline the composition of the blood, including the chemical components of the plasma and the different kinds of cells.
2.Calculate a hematocrit, given percentages by volume for the plasma and cellular component of the blood.
3.Explain the functions of the plasma.
4.List the main characteristics of the erythrocyte, including its concentration, size, shape, and intracellular makeup.
5.List the functions of hemoglobin.
6.Compare the processes of erythropoiesis and destruction of erythrocytes at the end of their life span.
7.Describe the process of controlling erythropoiesis.
8.Compare the different kinds of anemia for similarities and differences.
9.List the general functions of leukocytes.
10.Compare the five kinds of leukocytes for morphological similarities and differences.
11.Compare the different kinds of leukocytes for functions and life spans.
12.Discuss the abnormalities in leukocyte production.
13.Describe the characteristics and production of platelets.
14.Outline the process of clot formation and hemostasis, citing the contribution of the platelets.
15.Compare the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways for clot formation.
16.List several factors that influence clot formation.
17.Discuss the threats to body health if effective clot formation does not occur.
18.Explain how the various functions of the blood contribute to homeostasis.
19.Describe the major targets of the immune system.
20.Compare the immune functions of the five kinds of leukocytes.
21.Compare innate/nonspecific and adaptive/specific defenses.
22.Explain the different kinds of innate, nonspecific defenses.
23.Explain the different kinds of adaptive, specific immune responses.
24.Distinguish between B and T lymphocytes for their origin and activity.
25.Outline the major points of B lymphocyte/antibody-mediated immunity.
26.Compare the five antibody subclasses.
27.Explain how clonal selection affects antibody production.
28.Compare the primary and secondary immune responses.
29.Outline the antigen-antibody makeup of the four ABO blood types.
30.Explain the transfusion reaction forABO blood types.
31.Outline the characteristics of blood group systems in humans in addition to the ABO blood groups.
32.Explain how lymphocytes respond to antigens.
33.Outline major points of T lymphocyte/cell-mediated immunity.
34.Compare the two types of T cells.
35.Explain the origin of autoimmune diseases.
36.Explain the concept of immune surveillance.
37.Describe the regulatory loops for immune responses coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems.
38.Describe the origin and characteristics of several immune diseases.
39.Describe the external defenses of the body including the structures and functions of the skin.
40.Explain how the body defenses contribute to homeostasis.