Teacher Training Toolkit
Topic / Subtopic / SourceEntrepre-neurship / Defining Entre-preneurship / Gedeon, S. (2010) What is Entrepreneurship? Entrepreneurial Practice Review. Volume 1, Issue 3. Summer 2010.pp 16-35. URL: http://www.entryerson.com/epr/index.php/jep/article/view/60
Description: It is widely acknowledged that the field of entrepreneurship lacks a single unified and accepted definition for the term “entrepreneurship”. This article analyzes the different theoretical roots of entrepreneurship. This article started as the author’s own quest to make sense of the entrepreneurship literature. It is hoped that the proposed lexicon will contribute to a shared foundational terminology for the field of entrepreneurship that will make sense to both academics and practitioner entrepreneurs.
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001) What Makes Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurial? University of Washington. URL: http://www.effectuation.org/sites/default/files/documents/what-makes-entrepreneurs-entrepreneurial-sarasvathy.pdf.
Description: What are the characteristics, habits, and behaviors of the species entrepreneur? Is there such a thing as "entrepreneurial thinking"? Is there a learnable and teachable "core" to entrepreneurship? This case examines the problem-solving process of 30 entrepreneurs. Careful analysis reveals a distinct thought process: "effectual reasoning." Thinking entrepreneurially, as opposed to managerially or strategically, means believing in a yet-to-be-made future that can be shaped by human action and realizing that, to the extent that such action can control the future, one need not expend energy trying to predict it..
Eckhardt, Jonathan T. Shane Scott (2003) Opportunities and Entrepreneurship A. Journal of Management June 2003 vol. 29 no. 3. pp: 333-349. URL: http://jom.sagepub.com/content/29/3/333
Description: This article extends and elaborates the perspective on entrepreneurship articulated by Shane and Venkataraman (2000) and Venkataraman (1997) by explaining in more detail the role of opportunities in the entrepreneurial process.
Entrepreneurial behavior / Dew, N., Sarasvathy, S. D. (2006) The Entrepreneurial Method How Expert Entrepreneurs Create New Markets. University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA, USA. URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1278394
http://wp.stolaf.edu/cila/files/2013/09/The-Entreprenurial-Method.pdf
Desciption: This note reflects a new focus on "effectuation," the logic behind entrepreneurial expertise, which consists of tacit as well as learnable and teachable aspects of experience that are related to high performance in specific domains. Instead of taking either traits or circumstances as inputs and trying to explain variance in performance, the expertise lens focuses on understanding commonalties across a variety of experts in a single domain, given high levels of performance. Effectuation matters, not merely because expert entrepreneurs prefer an effectual logic over a causal one, but because of the details it offers of a comprehensive alternative frams for tackling entrepreneurial problems.
Ernst & Young (2011) Nature or Nurture? Decoding the DNA of the Entrepreneur. URL: http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Nature-or-nurture/$FILE/Nature-or-nurture.pdf
Description: Creative, innovative individuals may possess copious excellent ideas, but it takes leadership and business discipline to turn them into successful ventures. The aim of this report is to provide some insights into the minds of today’s most successful entrepreneurial leaders and discern what makes them successful. We conclude with a model that we feel describes the core of an entrepreneurial leader, which represents both the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of their mindset and abilities.
Entrepre-neurship and new venture creation / Bygrave, W.D., Zacharakis, A. (2007) Entrepreneurship. Wiley; 1 edition. ISBN-10: 0471755451
Description: [From Amazon] How do you come up with a good idea for a business? What are the unique marketing challenges that you'll face? How do you acquire the necessary financing? Written by one of the biggest names in the field, this book will arm readers with the knowledge to turn inspiration into results. It explores the trials and tribulations of entrepreneurship so that readers will have the necessary tools to start their own businesses. Critical steps are explained in an engaging style that helps make complex issues easy to understand.
* Integrates case studies throughout the chapters to show readers how the information is applied in the real world.
* Outlines successes as well as failures to paint a realistic picture of the difficulties involved in starting a business.
* Discusses how to recognize opportunities and formulate a winning strategy.
* Explains how to create a business plan and build pro forma financial statements.
* Covers how to acquire equity financing and getting access to funds.
Barringer, B.R., Ireland, R.D. (2006) Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures. Prentice Hall. ISBN-10: 0130618551
Description: [From Amazon] This lively book, containing many real-life examples, makes a thoughtful, practical guide to the process of launching new ventures. It begins by introducing a model of the entrepreneurial process, and follows the model throughout the book. Emphasis is placed on the beginnings of the entrepreneurial process -- particularly opportunity recognition and feasibility analysis. A four part organization makes the journey toward understanding the entrepreneur process both enjoyable and productive. The four parts, which collectively contain 15 chapters, are: The Decision to Become an Entrepreneur, Developing Successful Business Ideas, Moving From an Idea to an Entrepreneurial Firm, and Managing and Growing an Entrepreneurial Firm. For venture capitalists, investor groups, or business incubators (for-profit and not-for-profit) to distribute to their client companies; and of particular help to technology companies.
Katz, J. Green, R. P. (2006) Entrepreneurial Small Business. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. ISBN-10: 0073257958
Description: [From Amazon] Entrepreneurial Small Business has one clear advantage: it's the book about the types of businesses your students might actually start, not about becoming the next Michael Dell. Entrepreneurial Small Business accomplishes this goal by focusing on the practical applications and "how to" skills that have immediate relevance for students. Traditional beliefs and models in small business are discussed, as well as the latest findings and best practices from academic and consulting arenas. Each chapter includes Skill Modules, chapter-opening scenarios highlighting real small businesses, weblinks for enhancing student research, and extensive end-of-chapter material aimed at helping students put principles into practice. In addition, several unique chapters include "Paths to Part-Time Entrepreneurship" and "Cash: Lifeblood of the Business," which provide students with a clear vision of small business as it really is today.
Timmons, J. A.; Spinelli, S. (2008) New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century. McGraw-Hill/Irwin; 8 edition. ISBN-10: 0073381551
Description: [From McGraw-Hill] Timmons & Spinelli's, New Venture Creation: Entrepreneurship For The 21st Century, 6/e is a perforated paperback text that covers the process of getting a new venture started, growing the venture, successfully harvesting it and starting again. Through text, case studies, and hands-on exercises, the book guides students in discovering the concepts of entrepreneurship and the competencies, skills, know-how and experience that are sufficient to pursue different entrepreneurial opportunities. The authors recognize that there is no substitute for actually starting a company, but believe that it is possible to expose students to many of the vital issues and immerse them in key learning experiences.
Gold, S. K. (2012) Entrepreneur's Notebook: Practical Advice for Starting a New Business Venture. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; (New Edition) edition. ISBN-10: 1480080047
Description: [From Amazon] Entrepreneur's Notebook propels you on a whirlwind tour of the start-up process. It is an invaluable reference for new and experienced entrepreneurs that includes chapters on a wide range of topics, from entrepreneurial team building to business plans to financing. This excellent book provides an incredible amount of practical information that will help you make smarter decisions and avoid costly mistakes. The author, Steven K. Gold, is an accomplished entrepreneur who has co-founded and led five early-stage ventures. As an investor and mentor, he also advises many entrepreneurs and young companies. He earned his B.S.E. in Entrepreneurial Management from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and his M.D. from Brown University Medical School.
Kawasaki, Guy (2004) The Art the Start, The Time-tested, Battle-hardened Guide for Anyone Starting Anything. Portfolio Hardcover; 1st edition
Description: [From Amazon] In The Art of the Start, Guy Kawasaki brings two decades of experience as one of business’s most original and irreverent strategists to offer the essential guide for anyone starting anything, from a multinational corporation to a church group. At Apple in the 1980s, he helped lead one of the great companies of the century, turning ordinary consumers into evangelists. As founder and CEO of Garage Technology Ventures, a venture capital firm, he has field-tested his ideas with dozens of newly hatched companies. And as the author of bestselling business books and articles, he has advised thousands of people who are making their startup dreams real. From raising money to hiring the right people, from defining your positioning to creating a brand, from creating buzz to buzzing the competition, from managing a board to fostering a community, this book will guide you through an adventure that’s more art than science—the art of the start.
Osterwalder &Y. Pigneur (2009) Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers and Challengers,OSF,1st ed.
Description: [From Amazon] Co-created by 470 "Business Model Canvas" practitioners from 45 countries, the book features a beautiful, highly visual, 4-color design that takes powerful strategic ideas and tools, and makes them easy to implement in your organization. It explains the most common Business Model patterns, based on concepts from leading business thinkers, and helps you reinterpret them for your own context. You will learn how to systematically understand, design, and implement a game-changing business model--or analyze and renovate an old one. Along the way, you'll understand at a much deeper level your customers, distribution channels, partners, revenue streams, costs, and your core value proposition.
Entrepreneurial University / Defining Entrepreneurial University / Gibb, A. (2009) Towards the Entrepreneurial University. Entrepreneurship Education as a Lever for Change. A National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship (NCGE) report presenting and shaping the environment for graduate entrepreneurship in higher education, UK.
URL: http://ncee.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/towards_the_entrepreneurial_university.pdf
Desciption: The 'Entrepreneurial University' is an exciting concept which defines those universities providing opportunities, practices, cultures and environments conducive to actively encouraging and embracing student and graduate entrepreneurship. This paper, commissioned by NCGE from Emeritus Professor Allan Gibb OBE, NCGE's Academic Adviser, presents an argument for adopting alternative models more acceptable within a broad higher education context. Professor Gibb's stimulating and challenging propositions offer a way forward for all universities by providing a range of practical steps to engage higher education in delivering clear, explicit and desirable entrepreneurship outcomes.
Etzkowitz, Henry (2004) The evolution of the entrepreneurial university. International Journal of Technology and Globalisation, Volume 1, Number 1/2004. pp 64-77. URL: http://inderscience.metapress.com/content/vfp58meacn34axnm/
Description: A second academic revolution, integrating a mission for economic and social development is transforming the traditional teaching and research university into an entrepreneurial university. The Triple Helix thesis postulates that the interaction among university-industry-government is the key to improving the conditions for innovation in a knowledge-based society. More than the development of new products in firms, innovation is the creation of new arrangements among the institutional spheres that foster the conditions for innovation. Invention of organisational innovations, new social arrangements and new channels for interaction becomes as important as the creation of physical devices in speeding the pace of innovation. This paper draws for data on interviews conducted by the author in the USA, Sweden, Brazil, Italy, Portugal and Denmark.
Change in University / Gibb, A., Haskins, G., Hannon P. Robertson, I. (2009/2012) Leading the Entrepreneurial University. Meeting the Entrepreneurial Development Needs of Higher Education Institutions. NCGE, UK. URL: http://ncee.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/EULP-LEADERS-PAPER.pdf
Desciption: This paper focuses on the leadership challenge facing staff of universities across the world in moving their institutions to a more entrepreneurial mode. Based upon an extensive literature review, the paper has an action and innovation focus in that it constitutes part of the preparation for the development of the Entrepreneurial University Leaders Programme which was launched in 2010 at Oxford University’s Saїd Business School for senior university academic and professional staff. This paper demonstrates the thinking and concepts behind the programme and is used as key background material.
Herrmann, K., Hannon, P., Cox, J., Ternouth, P. (2008) Developing Entrepreneurial Graduates - Putting Entrepreneurship at the Centre of Higher Education, Council for Industry and Higher Education, NCEE, NESTA, UK. URL: http://ncee.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/developing_entrepreneurial_graduates.1.pdf
Description: Governments across the globe are seeking to develop entrepreneurial economies where competitiveness and growth can thrive and innovation and creativity can drive new ways to improve the social and economic well-being of their people. Developing entrepreneurial graduates is therefore essential to our future success. Universities and other Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are ideally placed to expose students to environments which foster entrepreneurial mindsets. The ‘Developing Entrepreneurial Graduates’ report offers a framework to help every HEI to create an enabling environment as part of a cross-campus approach.
Gibb, A. (2012) Exploring the Synergistic Potential in Entrepreneurial University Development: Towards the Building of a Strategic Framework, Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship 2012, Vol 3. URL: http://www.innovationandentrepreneurship.net/index.php/aie/article/view/16742/pdf.
Description: This article aims to provide a framework for exploration of a strategic approach to entrepreneurial university development. It draws on earlier reviews by the author of the entrepreneurial concept and of the now considerable global literature on the theme of the entrepreneurial university, although there is a strong focus in this article on the UK. It also draws lessons from practice in exploring with several universities the potential for creating strategic synergy between existing activities in the institution not all of which would be labelled entrepreneurial in the conventional sense. Each of these key activities are briefly reviewed in turn and presented as a basis for action in drawing together a strategy for the university.
Output of Entrepreneurial University / Study: Effects and impact of entrepreneurship programmes in higher education. (2012) Entrepreneurship Unit, Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry, European Commission.
URL: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship/files/education/effects_impact_high_edu_final_report_en.pdf
Description: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education on four dimensions: 1) the acquisition of the entrepreneurial competence 2) intentions towards entrepreneurship; 3) employability; and 4) impact on the society and on the economy. Results show that entrepreneurship education makes a difference. Those who went through entrepreneurial programmes and activities display more entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions, get a job earlier after finishing their studies, can innovate more even as employees in a firm, and start more companies.