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Nombre______Fecha______Hora______
Midterm Exam Review – Spanish 2
I. VERBS IN THE PRESENT TENSE (look at the TANTOS VERBOS 3 page outline)
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When you learn a verb, you have to not only remember what the verb means, but also how to conjugate it. In the present tense, a verb will be conjugated in one of the following ways:
A. Irregular verbs ser, ir, dar, estar, ver
**You have to memorize the 6 forms of these verbs**
B. Regular –ar verbs
** Verbs like hablar:
C. Regular –er verbs
** Verbs like comer:
D. Regular –ir verbs
** Verbs like escribir:
E. Shoe verbs (u→ue, o→ue, e→ie, e→i)
** Verbs like dormir
F. Wacky yo form verbs / “Fuzzy Boot” verbs
** Verbs like poner:
G. Reflexive verbs
** Verbs like despertarse
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II. Expressing likes & loves & caring about: These expressions use this “formula”:
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(OPTIONAL ) Required Required Required
a mí... me
a tí... te toca noun
a él... gusta / gustan verb in infin
a ella... (no) le encanta / encantan
a _(name)__... importa / importan
a Ud... parece / parecen
a nosotros(as)... nos queda / quedan
a vosotros... os duele / duelen
a ellos... interesa / interesan
a ellas... les fascina / fascinan
a _(name)_ y _(name)_... parece / parecen
a Uds... aburre / aburren
Practice:
1. Ms. Payán’s head hurts.
2. I like to watch TV.
3. We love peanuts.
4. Ms. Payán’s shoes don’t fit.
5. I don’t care about sports
III. The verb “tener” and the expressions that go with it:
There are some words that we use as adjectives in English that don’t have an adjective equivalent in Spanish. SO, we have to use the noun version of that idea, along with a form of tener:
A. The forms of tener (in the present tense) ______
______
______
B. The ideas that have no adjective version in Spanish:
hambre _#__ años
sed cuidado
frío verguenza
calor celos
miedo razón
suerte ganas de _infin_
prisa sueño
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Practice, Expressions with Tener:
1. I am hungry.
2. She is thirsty.
3. We are jealous.
4. Are you 10 years old?
5. They are cold.
6. Are ya’ll lucky? (2)
7. I am in a hurry.
8. Ms. Payán is always right.
9. He is ashamed.
10. I feel like listening to music.
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IV. Using infinitives in sentences
A. It is okay to use an infinitive in a sentence as long as there is a verb before it that is in its correct form. BUT BEWARE!!! Some verbs are “bad neighbors,” and if you are going to use an infinitive after them, you must put a helper word in between!
voy vamos
Ir: vas vais + a + infiniitive
va van
tengo tenemos
tener: tienes tenéis + que + infinitive
tiene tienen
acabo acabamos
acabar: acabas acabáis + de + infinitive
acaba acaban
Practice:
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1. Ya’ll just ate. (2)
2. I am going to leave.
3. We have to know a lot.
4. I need to sleep.
5. We want to sing right now.
6. “Everyone must” arrive on time.
7. “Everyone is prohibited from” throwing things.
8. “Everyone please” listen in class.
9. She is going to write notes.
10. I just learned something.
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V. The present progressive – the “ing” of Spanish
This is how you talk about things that are going on & happening right this very second. You might hear “ahora” or “ahora mismo” that signify RIGHT NOW.
You must start with the correct form of estar (in the present) ______
______
______
Then you put the verb in the the “ing” – for an –ar verb, take off –ar and add -ando
for an –er/-ir verb, take off –er/-ir and add –iendo
Estoy hablando ** CAREFUL ** --> 3 vowels in a row? Middle one “i”?
Estamos comiendo Change the “i” to a “y” ex: leyendo
Los estudiantes están escribiendo. ** CAREFUL ** --> --ir shoe verbs, ex: dormir = durmiendo
preferir = prefiriendo
Practice:
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1. I am sleeping:
2. She is “putting herself to/going to” bed.
3. Ya’ll are playing basketball.
4. Are you talking on the phone?
5. They are reading.
6. We are writing our homework.
7. Ms. Payán is not sharing
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VI. Commanding a friend to do or not do something – INFORMAL COMMANDS
A. Affirmative (+) commands: For 99% of verbs, take the verb and put it in the tú form and delete the ‘s’. If the verb is reflexive, put the “te” directly on the end:
tomar -- ¡Toma! ducharse -- ¡Dúchate!
hablar -- ¡Habla! despertarse -- ¡Despiértate!
escribir -- ¡Escribe! lavarse -- ¡Lávate!
compartir -- ¡Comparte!
For a few verbs, the (+) command form is strange – you have to remember/memorize these
poner – tener –
hacer – venir --
decir – ir –
salir – ser --
B. Negative (-) commands: For 99.9% of verbs, follow these steps:
1 – Begin with the word “No”
2 – Put the verb in the “yo” form and immediately delete the “o”
3 – Add either –es (for an –ar verb)
--as (for an –er/-ir verb)
** If the verb is reflexive, put the te between the “no” and the verb form:
abrir -- ¡No abras! beber -- ¡No bebas!
hablar -- ¡No hables! vivir -- ¡No vivas!
bañarse -- ¡No te bañes!
levantarse -- ¡No te levantes!
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For 0.1% of verbs, the negative command form is strange. You Have to remember/memorize these:
ir = ¡No vayas! ser = ¡No seas!
dar = ¡No des! estar ¡No estés!
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1. Share your lunch with me!
2. Don’t do that!
3. Bathe yourself!
4. Don’t put food on Ms. Payán’s desks!
5. Leave right now!
6. Tell me the truth!
7. Read your book in silence!
8. Go to Burger King!
9. Eat lunch by yourself!
10. Don’t be mean!
11. Don’t go to Ms. Payán’s house!
12. Give me your money!
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VII. Commanding an adult to do (or not do) something – FORMAL COMMANDS
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A. Affirmative (+) formal commands:
Step 1 -- Start with the “yo” form of the verb and immediately delete the “o”
Step 2 – Add -e if it is an “-- ar” verb
Add -a if it is an “—er/--ir verb”
** The 4 Irregulars **
ir = ¡Vaya! ser = ¡Sea!
dar = ¡Dé! estar ¡Esté!
** Be Careful **
-car -ger
-gar -guir
-zar
B. Negative (--) formal commands:
Exactly like the affirmative (+), but put the word “NO” before it!
¡Haga mi tarea, por favor! ¡No salga de mi habitación!
¡Póngame la chaqueta, por favor! ¡No concine el pescado para la cena!
¡Escuche mi canción favorita, por favor! ¡No le diga nada a Señor Everitt!
Practice:
1. Ms. Payán, do my homework!
2. Ms. Payán, don’t tell lies!
3. Ms. Payán, listen to my CD!
4. Ms. Payán, don’t be mean!
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VIII. The two verbs “to be” – SER & ESTAR
Use forms of SER for the usual “am, is, are”:
Yo soy alto, guapo, y inteligente. Nosotros somos estudiantes.
Tú eres feo ¿Sois vosotros policías?
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Mi mamá es simpática. Son las once y media de la mañana.
Es la una de la tarde. Mis padres son trabajadores.
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Use forms of ESTAR for “am, is, are” with feelings, emotions, locations, and conditions (aka when something can easily be the opposite of how it is now, then back to how it was, then the opposite, etc)
Yo estoy en la biblioteca. Nosotros estamos en la clase de español.
¿Dónde estás? Vosotros estáis cansados hoy.
Mi hermana está enojada. Los estudiantes están frustrados.
El piso está mojado/sucio/seco/limpio. Mis zapatos están sucios.
La sopa está fría. Las patatas fritas están saladas.
La sopa está caliente. Las patatas fritas están riquísimas.
Practice: Fill in the blank with the correct present tense form of either ser or estar:
Yo ______en Durham ahora. Nosotros ______enfermos.
Yo ______pelirrojo. Tú y yo ______amigos.
¿_____ tú inteligente? ¿______vosotros aquí?
¿_____ tú triste? ¿______vosotros gordos?
La Srta. Payán_____ alegre. Mis padres ______antipáticos.
La Srta. Payán_____ guapa. Mis padres ______en su habitacíon
More Practice:
(1): Describe the Carr building using “es”: ______
(2): Describe the Carr building using “está”:______
(3) Describe your shoes using “son”;______
(4) Describe your shoes using “están”;______
(5) Describe the windows in the classroom using “son”;______
(6) Describe the windows in the classroom using “están’______
IX. Verbs in the simple past tense – EL PRETÉRITO
When you learn a verb, you have to not only remember what the verb means, but also how to conjugate it. In the preterite tense, a verb will be conjugated in one of the following ways:
A. –ar verbs **-gar verbs **-car verbs **-zar verbs
B. –er/–ir verbs
C. dar & ver [Both use –er/--ir verb endings but without accents]
D. ser & ir [The same words!!]
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E. El pretérito irregular (ONLY APPLIES TO 14 VERBS) (List them and their new stem)
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(A) The stem is different (B) They use their own endings
:
1. 8.
2. 9.
3. 10.
4. 11.
5. 12.
6. 13.
7 14.
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X. Where to put me nos me nos lo los
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te os te os la las
le les se se
Remember that when somebody receives something, you must include one of the following words, based upon who is receiving:
REQUIRED Optional
me nos ... a mí ... a nosotros(as)
te os ... a tí ... a vosotros(as)
le les ...a él / ella / Ud. / _(name)_ ... a ellos / ellas / Uds./ __y_
Do not confuse these words with the reflexive pronouns, which you always have to use with a reflexive verb (when somebody is doing something to themselves):
me nos
te os
se se
These are also different from DIRECT OBJECT PRONOuUNS, which replace a noun with “it, them, him, or her”
lo la
los las
These words above ordinarily go right before the verb:
Papá Noel me dio muchos regalos (a mí) este año.
Tú nunca le das nada a tu hermano para la Navidad.
¿La Srta. Payán te escribió un pase (a tí) a la case?
Mis profesores siempre nos dan (a nosotros) mucha tarea.
Yo les di unas tarjetas de Regalo a mis amigos para el Hanukah.
¿El almuerzo? Yo siempre lo como en la Cafeteria Carr.
If you are using an infinitive or an –ando / --iendo in the sentence, it is okay to attach them to the end of the end of the infinitive or the “ing”, but you don’t have to – you can still put them before the verb in a form:
Papá Noel va a darme muchos regalos el año que viene. = Papá Noel me va a dar muchos regalos el año que viene.
Yo acabo de darle una computadora nueva a mi hermano. = Yo le acabo de dar una computadora nueva a mi hermano.
Mañana yo tengo que escribirle una carta a la Srta. Payán. = Mañana, yo le tengo que escribir una carta a La Srta. Payán.
Mi mamá está preparándome el almuerzo ahora. = Mi mamá me está preparando el almuerzo.
¿Los apuntes? Sí, estoy tomándolos ahora. = ¿Los apuntes? Sí, los estoy tomando ahora.
If you are using an affirmative command, you MUST ATTACH them to the end:
¡Escríbeme una cartita (a mí) durante la clase de ciencias!
¡Cómprale a tu papá unos zapatos nuevos!
¡Dime la verdad (a mí)!
¿La tarea? ¡Ponla en el escritorio del profesor!
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If you are using a negative command, you MUST put them between the NO and the verb:
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¡No le digas mentiras a tus padres!
¡No me toques (a mí)!
¡No te comas los dedos (a ti)!
¿El examen? ¡No lo pongas en la basura!
Practice:
1. Put it [referring to “la tarea”] in your notebook! ______
2. I have to read them [referring to “los libros”] for class
(A) ______
(B) ______
3. I am listening to them [referring to “las conversaciones”]:
(A) ______
(B) ______
4. Ms. Payán drinks it [referring to “el agua”] everyday: ______
5. ¡Don’t tell my parents lies! : ______