ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR RWANDA UNDER LVEMP II
REPUBLIC OF RWANDA
RWANDA ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (REMA)
LAKE VICTORIA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT PHASE II
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) FOR RWANDA UNDER LVEMP II
FINAL DRAFT REPORT
First edition, November 2008, updated in May 2011
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT ii
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
GLOSSARY OF TERMS ix
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS xi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
1. INTRODUCTION 5
1.1. Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) 5
1.2. General Environmental Problems of the Lake Victoria Basin 6
1.3. Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project - LVEMP I 7
1.4. Key Lessons Learnt From LVEMP I 8
2. LAKE VICTORIA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT - LVEMP II DESCRIPTION 10
2.1. Project Development Objectives (PDO) 10
2.2. Project Outline 11
2.3. Project Description 11
2.4. Project Components and sub-components 11
3. STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 26
3.1. Literature review 26
3.2. Field Visits 26
3.3. Interactive Discussions 27
4. BASELINE DATA 28
4.1. Project Target Areas 28
4.2. Physical Environment 29
4.2.1. Terrain 29
4.2.2. Climate 29
4.2.3. Drainage 29
4.3. Biological Environment 30
4.4. Socio-Economic Environment 30
4.5. Main ecological problems, their causes and trans-boundary implications in the LVB 31
5. ADMINISTRATIVE, POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 35
5.1. Legal Framework 35
5.1.1. The constitution of the Republic of Rwanda 36
5.1.2. Organic Law on Environment Protection and Management 36
5.1.3. Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations 39
5.1.4. The Organic Law related to the Land policy in Rwanda N°08/2005 of 14/07/2005 44
5.1.5. The Act n°18/2007 dated 19/04/2007 related to expropriation due to a cause of public necessity 44
5.2. Policy Framework 45
5.2.1 Health Sector Policy 45
5.2.2 Agricultural Policy 46
5.2.3 Land Policy 46
5.2.4 National Wetlands Conservation Program 47
5.2.5. Rwanda Environmental Policy 48
5.2.6. Water and Sanitation Policy 48
5.2.7. National Water Resources Management Policy 49
5.2.8. Fisheries Bill (2008) 49
5.2.9. Forest Policy 49
5.2.10. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 50
5.2.11. Poverty Reduction Strategy 50
5.3. International Regulations 51
5.3.1. World Bank Safeguard Policies 51
5.3.1.1. Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) 52
5.3.1.2. Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) 53
5.3.1.3. Forests (OP 4.36) 54
5.3.1.4. Pest Management (OP 4.09) 55
5.3.1. 5. Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) 56
5.3.1.6. Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) 57
5.3.1.7. Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) 58
5.3.2. International Conventions 61
5.3.2.1. United Nations Convention on Biological Convention 61
5.3.2.2. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands 61
5.3.2.3. Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes 61
5.3.2.4. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species 62
5.3.2.5. World Commission in Dams 62
5.3.2.6. Nile Treaties 63
5.3.2.6. EAC Protocol on Environment 63
5.3.2.7. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 64
5.3.2.8. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 65
5.4. Environmental Institutions 66
5.4.1. The Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) 67
5.4.2. Ministry of Environment and Lands (MINELA) 67
5.4.3. Other Key Ministries 67
5.4.4. Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) 70
5.4.5. Office de Géologie et des Mines du Rwanda (OGMR) 70
5.4.6. National Lands Centre 71
5.4.7. Rwanda Electricity Corporation and Rwanda Water and sanitation Corporation (RECO-RWASCO) 71
5.4.8. RDB (Rwanda Development Board) 71
5.4.9. Provincial, District and Lower level Environmental Committees 71
5.4.10. Integrated Management of Critical Ecosystems (IMCE) Project 71
5.4.11. NAFA (National Forestry Authority) 72
6. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR LVEMP II 74
6.1. Objectives of the EMSF 74
6.2. Specific Objectives of ESMF 74
6.3. Potential Positive LVEMP II Environmental and Social Impacts 74
6.4. Adverse LVEMP II Environmental and Social Concerns 75
6.4.1. Localized Impacts 76
6.4.2. Cumulative Impacts 76
6.4.3. Ecological Impacts and Land Degradation 77
6.4.4. Potential Sources of Pollution 77
6.4.5. Pest Management 77
6.5. Environmental and Social Screening Process 78
6.5.1. Step 1: Screening of Project Activities and Sites 79
6.5.2. Step 2: Re-categorize activities according to expected Environmental and Social impact 81
6.5.3. Step 3: Environmental and Social Field work 81
6.5.4. Step 4: Review and Approval of the Screening Activity 82
6.5.5. Step 5 - Public Consultation and Disclosure 83
6.5.6. Step 6 - Environmental Monitoring and Follow-up 84
6.6. Monitoring Plan 86
6.6.1. Objective of Monitoring Plan 86
6.6.2. Monitoring of Environmental and Social indicators 86
6.6.2.1. Initial proposals 86
6.6.2.2. Monitoring of participation process 87
6.6.2.3. Evaluation of Results 87
6.6.2.4. Monitoring of ESMF Implementation 87
6.6.2.5. Monitoring Roles and Responsibilities 87
6.7. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 89
6.7.1 Situating a Grievance redressing mechanisms 89
a) What is a Grievance Redress Mechanism 89
b) Why Does a Project Need a Grievance Redress Mechanism? 91
c) Grievance Prevention 92
6.7.2. Types of Grievances that Projects Typically Encounter 93
6.7.3. Community Expectations When Grievances Arise 94
6.7.4. Established procedures and time frame for Grievance Redress Mechanisms 95
The GRC is mandated to deal with any other types of grievances arising at the community level. GRC meetings are held at the respective Cell/Sector secretariats, which are familiar and accessible to the APs. 6.7.5. Grievance Resolution Approaches 96
7.1. Institutional Coordination 99
7.2. Implementation Plan and Strategy 101
7.3. Coordination and Management Arrangements 101
7.4. Compliance with ESMP Implementation 102
7.5. Overall Project Compliance and Reporting 102
7.6. Annual Reports 104
7.7. Description of Roles 104
7.7.1. Community Based Representatives 104
7.7.2. District Environment Officers (DEOs) 105
7.7.3. Environmental Management Officer (EMO) 105
8. CAPACITY BUILDING, TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR LVEMP II 106
8.1. Introduction 106
8.2. Human Resource Capacity Requirements 106
8.2.1. Technical Capacity Enhancement 107
8.2.2. Recommendations for Capacity Building 114
9. ESMF IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET 116
9.1. ESMF Implementation Budget for LVEMP II- Project 116
10. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 119
REFERENCES 121
ANNEX-1: Project Screening Criteria Form (PSCF) 122
ANNEX-2: Environmental and Social Checklist (ESCL) Form 124
ANNEX-3: Environmental Guidelines for Contractors Undertaking Construction Work under LVEMP II 126
ANNEX-4: Content of an EIA Report 140
ANNEX-5: Sample Terms-of-Reference for EIA Studies 144
ANNEX-6: SUGGESTED FORMAT FOR A SIMPLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) 147
ANNEX-7: Consultant’s itinerary for field visits 148
ANNEX-8: ANNUAL REPORT FORM FOR THE DISTRICT LEVEL 149
ANNEX-9: ANNUAL REPORT FORM TO BE COMPLETED BY PSC ENVIRONMENT OFFICER 154
ANNEX-10 Terms of Reference for the preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project, Phase 2 159
List of Tables
Table 1: Summary of World Bank Safeguards Policies
Table 2: International agreements ratified by Rwanda
Table 3: Training influencing success of ESMF
Table 4: Training directly linked to implementation ESMF
Table 5: Agenda for Introduction and Training on ESMF
Table 6: Estimated Capacity Building Budget
Table 7: ESMF Implementation Budget for LVEMP II Project
List of Figures
Figure 1: Nile Basin area in Rwanda
Figure 2: Picture showing traditional fishing boats
Figure 3: Picture showing water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) at lake Shakani in Akagera National Park (ANP)
Figure 4: EIA procedure
Figure 5: A Grievance Mechanism with Multiple Local Approaches to Resolving Complaints
Figure 6: Systems and Institutions for Grievance Redress Available to Affected Persons
Figure 7: Restructured Grievance Redress Committees: Process and Time Frames
Figure 8: National Coordination and Management Arrangements
Figure 9: Compliance Monitoring and Reporting Process
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
· Company-community grievance mechanism: A locally based, formalized way to accept, assess, and resolve community complaints concerning the performance or behavior of a company, its contractors, or employees.
· Cumulative impacts/effects: The total effects on the same aspect of the environment resulting from a number of activities or projects.
· Developer/Proponent/Sponsor: the entity – person/ company/ agency -proposing to develop/implement/install a new project/sub- project or expand an existing project under the LVEMP II.
· Direct impacts: An effect on the environment brought about directly by the LVEMP II projects.
· Disclosure: Information availability to all stakeholders at all stages of the development of projects.
· Environmental impact assessment (EIA): A comprehensive analysis of the project and its effects (positive and negative) on the environment and a description of the mitigation actions that will be carried out in order to avoid or minimize these effects.
· Environment: physical, biological and social components and processes that define our surroundings.
· Environmental Monitoring: The process of examining a project on a regular basis to ensure that it is in compliance with an Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
· Grievance: An issue, concern, problem, or claim (perceived or actual) that an individual or community group wants a company or contractor to address or resolve.
· Involuntary resettlement: The forceful loss of land resources that requires individuals, families and/or groups to move and resettle elsewhere.
· Impact: A positive or negative effect that a project has on an aspect of the environment.
· Indirect impact: A positive or negative effect that a project indirectly has on an aspect of the environment.
· Lead Agency: The agency with primary responsibility for the protection of the environment. For instance, the lead agency for environment matters in Rwanda is Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA).
· Mitigation measures: The actions identified in an EIA to negate or minimize the negative environmental impact that a project may have on the environment.
· Pollution: contamination altering the state of purity (e.g. chemical effluent discharge into a surface water body).
· Project and sub-project: a set of planned activities designed to achieve specific objectives within a given area and time frame. With respect to the LVEMP II, Project, the terminology can be confusing. The project in World Bank terms is the LVEMP II project; and all proposals subject to intermediary loans are subprojects.
· Project Brief: The initial submitted document to REMA to initiate the process that will lead to the issuance of the EIA certificate of approval.
· Scoping: The initial stage in an environmental assessment that determines the likely major environmental parameters that will be affected and the aspects of the project that will bring upon these effects.
· Screening: An initial step when a project is being considered for environmental assessment. The screening is the determination of the level of assessment that will be conducted. In the case of GoR, screening will place project into one of three Impacts Levels (IL1, 2 or 3).
· Significance: Importance.
· Significant effect: An important impact on an aspect of the environment.
· Stakeholder: Any person or group that has an interest in the project, and the environmental effects that the project may bring about.
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ANP / Akagera National ParkBP / Convention on Biological Diversity
CBD / Convention on Biological Diversity
CBO / Community Based Organization
CDF / Community Development Fund
CITES / Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species
CMS / Convention on Migratory Species
DAO / District Agriculture Officer
DDP / Districts Development Plans
DEMP / Decentralization and Environment Management Project
DEO / District Environment Officer
DFO / District Forest Officer
DNRM / District Natural Resource Management
EA / Environmental Assessment
EAC / East African Community
EDPRS / Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy
EFP / Environmental Focal Person
EHS-MP / Environment, Health and Safety Management Plan
EIA / Environmental Impact Assessment
EIACA / Environmental Impact Assessment Certificate of Authorization
EMO / Environmental Management Officer
EMP / Environmental Management Plan
ENR / Environment and Natural Resources
ESCL / Environmental Screening Check List
ESMF / Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMP / Environmental and Social Management Plan
RECO-RWASCO / Rwanda Electricity Corporation and Rwanda Water and sanitation Corporation
FAO / Food and Agriculture Organization
FONERWA / Rwanda National Environment Fund
GDP / Gross Domestic Product
GEF / Global Environment Facility
GIS / Geographical Information Systems
GoR / Government of Rwanda
HIMO / Haute Intensité de Main d’œuvre
HIV/AIDS / Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome
IATSPD / International Agreement for the Trade of the Species in the Process of Disappearance
ICLD / International Commission of Large Dams
ICM / Integrated Crop Management
IDA / International Development Association
IEC / Information, Education and Communication
IL / Impact Level
IMCE / Integrated Management of Critical Ecosystem
IMF / International Monetary Fund
IPM / Integrated Pest Management
ISAR / Institute for Research in Agronomic Sciences of Rwanda
IUCN / International Union for Conservation of Nature
KIST / Kigali Institute of Science and Technology
LG / Local Government
LGAs / Local Government Authorities
LVB / Lake Victoria Basin
LVBC / Lake Victoria Basin Commission
LVEMP / Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project
M&E / Monitoring and Evaluation
MDG / Millennium Development Goals
MIGEPROFE / Ministère du Genre et de la Promotion Féminine
MINAGRI / Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Resources
MINALOC / Ministry of Local Government, Good Governance Community Development and Social Affairs
MINECOFIN / Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning
MINECOM / Ministry of Trade and Industry
MINEDUC / Ministry of Education
MININFRA / Ministry of Infrastructure
MINELA / Ministry of Environment and Lands
MINIFOM / Ministry of Forestry and Mines
MINISANTE / Ministry of Health
MIS / Management Information System
MTEF / Medium Term Expenditure Framework
NAFA / National Forestry Authority
NBI / Nile Bassin Initiative
NEPAD / New Partnership for Africa Development
NGOs / Non Governmental Organisations
NRM / National Resources Management
NTDA / National Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
NTSC / National Technical Steering Committee
OD / Operational Directive
OGMR / Office de Geologie et des Mines du Rwanda
OP / Operational Policy
PAIGELAC / Internal Lakes Integrated Development and Management Project
PDO / Project Development Objectives
PGEO / Project Global Environmental Objectives
PSC / Project Steering Committee
PSCF / Project Screening Criteria Form
RADA / Rwanda Agricultural Development Authority
RAP / Resettlement and Compensation Plan
RARDA / Rwanda Animal Ressources Development
RBS / Rwanda Bureau of Standards
REMA / Rwanda Environment Management Authority
RPF / Resettlement Policy Framework
RPSF / Rwanda Private Sector Federation
RSSP / Rural Sector Support Project
RTDA / Regional Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
RURA / Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Agency
SAP / Strategic Action Programme
SEA / Strategic Environmental Assessment
SEA / Strategic Environmental Assessment
TDA / Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
TIG / Travaux d’Intérêt Général
ToRs / Terms of Reference
UNCCD / United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNFCCC / United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
WB / World Bank
WCD / World Commission on Dams
WRMP / Water Resource Management Plan
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