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Quick Quiz: Chapter 2
Prejudice
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are superior to all others is termed
a. cultural relativism.
b. ethnocentrism.
c. prejudice.
d. assimilation.
2. Another term for an ethnic slur is
a. ethnocentrism.
b. prejudice.
c. ethnophaulisms.
d. discrimination.
3. Which of the following types of people would be unlikely to do much to change themselves?
a. the fair-weather liberal
b. the all-weather liberal
c. the timid bigot
d. all of these
4. Who formulated a typology that shows how prejudice and discrimination are related but not the same thing?
a. W.E.B. DuBois
b. Charles Cooley
c. Robert Merton
d. Richard LaPiere
5. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the authoritarian personality?
a. People with authoritarian personality are usually violent criminals convicted of hate crimes.
b. People with authoritarian personality tend to rebel against rules and authority.
c. People with authoritarian personality do not conform to conventional values and morality.
d. all of these
6. Exposure to ______appears to improve racial tolerance.
a. higher education
b. mass media
c. news programs
d. all of these
7. Sociologists now reject the view that minorities have
a. a particular personality
b. low self-esteem
c. a preference to belong to another group
d. all of these
Short Answer Questions
8. The tendency to approach or withdraw from a social group is known as ______.
9. What does the Bogardus scale measure?
10. Which theory of prejudice attributes the problem to the class system inherent in capitalism?
ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 2 QUICK QUIZ
1. ANS: b
Page Ref.: 34
Rank: conceptual, easy
2. ANS: c
Page Ref.: 35
Rank: conceptual, moderate
3. ANS: b
Page Ref.: 36
Rank: applied, difficult
4. ANS: c
Page Ref.: 36
Rank: factual, moderate
5. ANS: d
Page Ref.: 39
Rank: applied, difficult
6. ANS: a
Page Ref.: 49
Rank: applied, moderate
7. ANS: d
Page Ref.: 44-46
Rank: applied, difficult
8. ANS: social distance
Page Ref.: 51
Rank: conceptual, easy
9. ANS: social distance
Page Ref.: 51
Rank: conceptual, moderate
10. ANS: exploitation theory
Page Ref.: 39
Rank: conceptual, moderate
Chapter 2 – Prejudice
Multiple Choice Questions
1.The tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life are superior to all others is known as
a.cultural relativism.
b.discrimination.
c.exploitation.
d.ethnocentrism.
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 34
Rank: conceptual, easy
2.Ethnocentrism is
a.the belief that each culture is equally valid.
b.the basis for all discriminatory behavior.
c.rare in diverse societies.
d.the tendency to assume that one’s culture is superior to all others.
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 34
Rank: conceptual, moderate
3.Prejudice is
a.a negative attitude, not behavior.
b.aimed at individuals, not groups.
c.negative behavior, not an attitude.
d.based on accurate definitions.
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 35
Rank: conceptual, moderate
4. A negative attitude toward an entire category of people is known as
a.prejudice.
b.discrimination.
c.exploitation.
d.authoritarianism.
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 35
Rank: conceptual, easy
5.Which of the following is an ethnophaulism?
a.The employer refused to consider the application from a qualified Norwegian American.
b.The job applicant thought he was refused the position because he was not Black.
c.The personnel manager told the applicant that she had excellent work experience for a woman.
d.all of these
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 35
Rank: applied, difficult
6.Prejudice leads to
a.categorical rejection.
b.is an attitude that coincides with behavior.
c.discrimination.
d. rejection of individuals based on their behavior.
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 35
Rank: applied, easy
7.The process of denying certain opportunities and equal rights or privileges to individuals and groups is known as
a.prejudice.
b.assimilation.
c.discrimination.
d.ethnocentrism.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 35
Rank: conceptual, moderate
8.The president of a bank refuses to hire the most qualified candidate for a key management position because he is Jewish. This is an example of
a.discrimination.
b.prejudice.
c.the contact hypothesis.
d.the self-fulfilling prophecy.
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 35
Rank: applied, moderate
9.Which sociologist developed the typology distinguishing prejudice and discrimination?
a.William Julius Wilson
b.Max Weber
c.Thomas Pettigrew
d.Robert Merton
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 36
Rank: factual, moderate
10.Reluctant liberals are those who
a.discriminate in an overt fashion.
b.discriminate if there is social pressure to do so.
c.harbor prejudice but do not express it.
d.can express prejudice only in a group.
ANS: b
Page Ref.: 36
Rank: conceptual, moderate
11. The best way to influence reluctant liberals towards less discriminatory behavior is
a.through equal-opportunity legislation.
b.to invite them to a diversity workshop.
c. through a public relations campaign.
d.to impose a discrimination tax .
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 36
Rank: applied, moderate
12.The owner of a car dealership refuses to hire a female applicant not because he feels women are incompetent, but because he fears that customers will be less likely to buy a car from a woman. According to Merton, the owner is being a(an)
a.authoritarian.
b.timid bigot.
c.all-weather bigot.
d.reluctant liberal.
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 36
Rank: applied, difficult
13.A person who harbors prejudice but will not discriminate if it costs money or reduces profits is called a(an)
a.all-weather liberal.
b.timid bigot.
c.all-weather bigot.
d.reluctant liberal.
ANS: b
Page Ref.: 36
Rank: conceptual, moderate
14.LaPiere’s study in the early 1930s involving travel with a Chinese couple to places of business indicated that most people who participated in the follow-up questionnaire were
a.all weather liberals.
b.reluctant liberals.
c.all weather bigots.
d.timid bigots.
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 37
Rank: factual, difficult
15.The study conducted by Richard LaPiere described in the text showed that people
a.dislike Chinese openly and without reservation.
b.stereotype Chinese as being warlike.
c.were more willing to accept Chinese in person than they were in theory.
d.consistently dislike Chinese worse than Japanese people but better than Koreans.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 37
Rank: factual, difficult
16.Scapegoating
a.involves prejudiced people believing they are society’s victims.
b.transfers guilt from the individual to some vulnerable group.
c.led to mass extermination of German Jews during World War II.
d.all of these
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 38-39
Rank: conceptual, difficult
17.A group that is blamed irrationally for society’s problems or difficulties is known as a
a.contact.
b.scapegoat.
c.stereotype.
d.pluralist.
ANS: b
Page Ref.: 38
Rank: conceptual, easy
18.Many U.S. citizens blame immigrants for social problems such as unemployment and crime. The immigrant, in this instance becomes the
a.typology.
b.pluralist.
c.scapegoat.
d.stereotype.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 38
Rank: applied, easy
19.All of the following are characteristics of an authoritarian personality except
a.aggressiveness towards non-conformists.
b.concern with power and toughness.
c.adherence to conventional values.
d.disrespect for authority.
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 39
Rank: conceptual, difficult
20.People with authoritarian personalities:
a.fight against conventional values
b.believe that most moral issues are difficult to resolve
c.accept authority uncritically
d.have considerable formal education
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 39
Rank: applied, moderate
21.The exploitation theory of prejudice is based on the works of
a.Max Weber.
b.W. I. Thomas.
c.Karl Marx.
d.Robert K. Merton.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 39
Rank: factual, moderate
22.The exploitation theory explains the
a.rise in white-collar crimes.
b.contact hypothesis.
c.basis of racial discrimination in the United States.
d.concept of the authoritarian personality.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 39
Rank: conceptual, moderate
23. Which theory would be most likely to point out that the movement to keep Chinese out of the U.S. became strongest during the late 19th century when Chinese immigrants and Whites fought over dwindling number of jobs?
a. scapegoating
b.the self-fulfilling prophecy
c.the authoritarian personality
d.exploitation
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 39
Rank: applied, difficult
24.Which approach explains how racism can stigmatize a group as inferior so that the exclusion of that group can be justified?
a.contact hypothesis
b.self-fulfilling prophecy
c.normative approach
d.exploitation theory
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 39
Rank: conceptual, difficult
25.The theoretical approach that takes the view that prejudice is influenced by situations that encourage or discourage the tolerance of minorities is called
a.frustration-aggression.
b.exploitation.
c.normative.
d.authoritarianism.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 40
Rank: conceptual, moderate
26.A prejudiced person develops more tolerant views when he moves to a community where people are less prejudiced. This is an example of
a.exploitation theory.
b.normative theory.
c.authoritarian personality theory.
d.scapegoating theory.
ANS: b
Page Ref.: 40
Rank: applied, moderate
27.Viewing Blacks as superstitious, Whites as uncaring, and Jews as shrewd are examples of
a.stereotyping.
b.prejudice.
c.exploitation.
d.caste approach.
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 40
Rank: applied, easy
28. Stereotypes are generalizations about all members of a group that
a. are unreliable.
b. are exaggerated.
c. do not take individual differences into account.
d. all of these
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 40
Rank: conceptual, easy
29.Stereotyping is related to self-fulfilling prophecy in that
a.it fosters a negative racial climate.
b.people are aware of the negative images others have of them.
c.it affects how people interact with one another.
d.all of these
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 41-42
Rank: conceptual, difficult
30. Any police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than behavior is called
a. stereotyping.
b. scapegoating.
c. racial profiling.
d. driving while black (DWB).
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 42
Rank: conceptual, difficult
31. Which of the following is NOT an example of racial profiling?
a. Elmo Randolph, a black dentist, was stopped dozens of times by the police while driving to and from work.
b. Arab American secret service agent, Walied Shater, was prevented from flying on American Airlines.
c. High schools and colleges use Indians as mascots for sports teams.
d. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., a black HarvardUniversity professor, was arrested in his own home for disorderly conduct.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 42-43
Rank: applied, difficult
32. The use of race-neutral principles to defend the racially unequal status quo is called:
a. color-gradient racism.
b. color-blind racism.
c. non-visible racism.
d. sand-blind racism
ANS: b
Page Ref.: 43-44
Rank: applied, moderate
33. Federal guidelines bar federal agents from using race and ethnicity as a reason for investigating someone, but cases involving ______are exempted.
- terrorism
- Muslims
- national economic interests
- military personnel
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 43
Rank: factual, moderate
34.Asking people their willingness to work with or be employed with people of different ethnic backgrounds measures their level of
a.discrimination.
b.stereotyping.
c.social distance.
d.scapegoating.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 51
Rank: applied, difficult
35.U.S. Whites have shown the least amount of social distance towards people from
a.eastern Europe.
b.northern Europe.
c.Africa.
d.Latin America.
ANS: b
Page Ref.: 51
Rank: factual, moderate
36.Intergroup hostility refers to prejudice by
a. Whites toward minorities.
b.men toward women.
c.minorities toward other minorities.
d.the rich towards the poor.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 46-48
Rank: conceptual, easy
37.When White respondents are asked how Whites get along with different minority groups, which group do they say they have the most difficulty getting along with?
a.African Americans
b.Hispanics
c.Asians
d.American Indians
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 47
Rank: applied, easy
38. When Black respondents are asked how they get along with different minority groups, which group do they say they have the least difficulty getting along with?
a.Whites
b.Hispanics
c.Asians
d.American Indians
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 47
Rank: factual, moderate
39. Studies consistently document that increased formal education is associated with
a.scapegoating.
b.structural approach.
c.racial tolerance.
d.racism.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 49
Rank: factual, difficult
40.If interracial contact is to reduce prejudice, it must
a.occur in a work setting.
b.be between people of equal status.
c.involve people who are in competition with one another.
d.be very limited.
ANS: b
Page Ref.: 51
Rank: conceptual, moderate
41.Which of the following states that interracial interaction between people with equal status in cooperative circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previously held stereotypes?
a.the contact hypothesis
b.the self-fulfilling prophecy
c.the anomie theory of deviance
d.the exploitation theory of race relations
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 51
Rank: conceptual, moderate
42.A Hispanic college student from the southwest U.S. arrives at college to find that her roommate is a Jewish woman from New York. As they get to know one another, they are able to overcome their initial prejudices and grow to appreciate each other’s strengths and talents. This is an example of the
a.contact hypothesis.
b.self-fulfilling prophecy.
c.formal education hypothesis.
d.amalgamation.
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 51-53
Rank: applied, moderate
43.A Black worker is shown how to perform her factory job by a White male supervisor. According to the contact hypothesis, this situation would be unlikely to reduce prejudice because
a.it is set in a blue-collar atmosphere.
b.the worker belongs to the union.
c.the two individuals do not have equal status.
d.sexism is operating as well as racism.
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 51-53
Rank: applied, moderate
44. As of spring 2007, only _____ of the nearly 60 primetime series carried on the four networks featured performers of color in leading roles.
a. fifteen
b. ten
- seven
d. five
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 49
Rank: factual, difficult
45.Studies document that increased formal education, regardless of content, is associated with:
a.increased prejudice.
b.racial intolerance.
c.increased discrimination.
d.racial tolerance.
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 49
Rank: factual, moderate
46. When asked to identify the role of a particular ethnic or racial background would be most likely to play in a movie or on television, teenagers indicated that ______were most likely to play the role of physicians, lawyers, CEOs, and teachers.
- Arab Americans
- Irish Americans
- Jewish Americans
- Polish Americans
ANS: c
Page Ref.: 51
Rank: factual, moderate
47. Racial profiling is
a. a practice that has been virtually eliminated by legislation.
b. based on stereotypes.
c. disapproved of by over 90% of Whites surveyed.
d. all of these
ANS: b
Page Ref.: 42
Rank: conceptual, moderate
48. Equal opportunity legislation is likely to influence the behavior of
a. reluctant liberals.
b. fair-weather liberals.
c. timid bigots.
d. all of these
ANS: a
Page Ref.: 36
Rank: applied, moderate
49. The work of Karl Marx influenced which theory of prejudice?
a. self-fulfilling prophecy
b. authoritarian personality
c. contact hypothesis
d. exploitation theory
ANS: d
Page Ref.: 39
Rank: conceptual, moderate
50. Scapegoating theory
a. adequately explains all the facets of prejudice.
b. explains why people blame others for their own shortcomings.
c. suggests that people with the same experiences will have very different levels of prejudice.
d. none of these
ANS: b
Page Ref.: 38-39
Rank: conceptual, difficult
Essay Questions
51.Distinguish between prejudice and discrimination, then explain the relationship between them using Merton’s typology.
ANS: Answer should define both terms then list all of Merton’s four types (e.g., the unprejudiced nondiscriminatory: all weather liberal).
Page Ref.: 35-36
Rank: conceptual/applied, difficult
52.How are economics related to the formation of prejudice as explained by both the exploitation and scapegoating theories?
ANS: Answer should define both terms, then show how scapegoating blames lower classes for social ills and taking jobs, and exploitation allows dominant group to use the poor as cheap labor.
Page Ref.: 38-39
Rank: conceptual/applied, difficult
53. Explain how stereotypes can be related to real conditions and yet not apply to most people within a particular minority group.
ANS: Answer may include examples of how stereotypes are unreliable and exaggerated.
Page Ref.: 40-43
Rank: conceptual/applied, moderate
Additional Essay Questions
54.What is the evidence of intergroup hostility other than that of Whites toward minorities? What explanations are there for exploited and oppressed groups perceiving one another with hostility and suspicion?
Page Ref.: 46-48
55.What is the relationship between education and prejudice? What does this suggest for social policy approaches to reducing prejudice and discrimination in society?
Page Ref.: 49
56.What are the principles of the contact hypothesis? Illustrate these principles with examples of situations with high and low potential for a reduction in prejudice.
Page Ref.: 51-53
57. Corporation X is motivated to decrease prejudice and stereotyping among its employees. What approach should Corporation X use to have the most lasting impact on the workers and the organization?
Page Ref.: 53-54
58. What is the Southern Poverty Law Center? What are some strategies that the SPLC recommends individuals should use to “fight hate”?
Page Ref.: 54-55
59. Define and describe racial profiling giving specific examples of these types of events. Why is there such reliance on racial profiling in the field of criminal justice?
Page Ref.: 42
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