Chapter04: Applications of Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
1.The fundamental logic behind the projective tests is that the person’s interpretations of stimuli will be revealing of his or her personality. The key to this is that stimuli must be ______.
a)upsetting
b)ambiguous
c)unambiguous
d)uninterpretable
Ans: b
2.Which of the following is untrue of the relationship between projective tests and psychoanalytic theory?
a)They both recognize the complexity of personality functioning
b)They both emphasize the importance of the unconscious
c)They both emphasize a holistic understanding of personality
d)They both believe that people can be “reduced” down to a few traits
Ans: d
3.A comprehensive review of projective tests by Lilienfeld and colleagues (2000) indicates that they are
a)some scoring methods are valid for some purposes
b)most scoring methods lack validity
c)both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct
d)neither ‘a’ nor ‘b’ are correct
4.To experience a failure in the development of the instincts during any of the stages of psychosexual development is to experience ______
a)regression
b)fixation
c)catharsis
d)superego
Ans: b
5.The ______personality type is characterized by orderliness and cleanliness (amongst other traits), whereas the ______personality type is characterized by narcissism and jealousy (amongst other traits).
a)oral; anal
b)oral; phallic
c)anal; oral
d)anal; phallic
Ans: c
6.At the root of psychopathology, according to psychoanalytic theory, is the individual’s desire to gratify instincts that were ______at an earlier stage of development.
a)resolved
b)satisfied
c)fulfilled
d)fixated
Ans: d
7.Freud’s goal was to duplicate in duplicate in therapy the interactions people had with significant figures from their past in a process known as ______.
a)fixation
b)resolution
c)regression
d)transference
Ans: d
8.According to psychoanalytic theory, change should occur in therapy for each of the following reasons except which one?
a)The analyst can “trick” the patient into believing they have worth
b)In analysis the conflict is less intense than it was in the original situation
c)The analyst assumes an attitude that is different from that of the parents
d)Patients in analysis are more mature and capable of dealing with problems
Ans: a
9.Freud is to ______as Adler is to ______.
a)compensatory striving; defense mechanism
b)defense mechanism; collective unconscious
c)defense mechanism; compensatory striving
d)compensatory striving; collective unconscious
Ans: c
10.The collective unconscious contains universal images or symbols, known as ______.
a)archetypes
b)mandalas
c)complexes
d)strivings
Ans: a
11.Jung believed that the most important archetype – that of the self – is often represented in ______
a)mandalas
b)complexes
c)strivings
d)the persona
Ans: a
12.Whereas Freud emphasized the ______underpinnings of personality, Horney emphasized the power of ______influences.
a)biological; cultural
b)biological; random
c)cultural; biological
d)cultural; random
Ans: a
13.In Sullivan’s view, emotional experiences are based in ______.
a)cultural structures
b)biological drives
c)compensatory strivings
d)relations with others
Ans: d
14.In object relations theory, the word object refers to ______.
a)emotion
b)drive
c)person
d)gratification
Ans: c
15.In object relations theory, developmental experiencesinfluence representations of ______. In self psychology, developmental experiences influence mental representations of ______.
a)others; self
b)others; objects
c)self; others
d)self; objects
Ans: a
16.Narcissists ______.
a)have an reasonable sense of entitlement
b)rarely deserve the admiration and love of others
c)lack empathy with the feelings and needs of others
d)none of the above
Ans: c
17.According to Bowlby’s concept of internal working models, early attachment experiences ______
a)do not predict later attachment experiences
b)influence later attachment experiences
c)have no demonstrable effect on later experiences
d)may or may not influence later attachments
Ans: b
18.In the strange situation task, those infants who have difficulty separating from a mother and reuniting on her return are classified as
a)secure
b)secure-ambivalent
c)anxious-avoidant
d)anxious-ambivalent
Ans: d
19.Which adult attachment style is given to individuals who describe themselves with the following phrase: “I am somewhat uncomfortable being close to others; I find it difficult to trust them completely, difficult to allow myself to depend on them. I am nervous when anyone gets too close, and often love partners want me to be more intimate than I feel comfortable being”?
a)secure
b)secure-ambivalent
c)avoidant
d)anxious-ambivalent
Ans: c
20.Fraley and Spieker’s research (2003) suggests that attachment styles are best described as ______.
a)categories
b)dimensions
c)categories and dimensions
d)neither categories nor dimensions
Ans: b