Bundle 4: Water, Solubility & pH

Exam Review

Instructions: Answer all of these questions and submit the completed review on the CANVAS Assignment. This is a QUIZ GRADE!

  1. Use the image on the right.
  2. What kind of bond is #1 and how does it occur?
  1. What kind of bond is #2 and how does it occur?
  1. How do water’s covalent bonds help to make it the universal solvent?
  1. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule is this diagram is most likely
  1. The tendency of water molecules to stick to each other is called______, whereas the tendency of water to stick to something else is called______.
  1. Describe what why the water spider is able to stand on the water in the image to the right. Use the words cohesion and surface tension.
  1. Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are:
  2. Polar or Nonpolar
  3. Attract Water Molecules or Repel Water Molecules

7.Water’s high specific heat is mainly a consequence of what bonds related to water molecules? Why?

  1. Do acids or bases have the highest concentration of hydroxyl ions (OH-)? ______
  2. Using the scale shownabove, which substance has the most hydroxyl ions (OH-)? ______
  3. Which of the solutions have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions [H +]?

______

  1. Why does ice float? In your description use the words hydrogen bonds and cooling.
  1. The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
  1. In the fall, the air outside is cold but the ocean temperature is still very warm. However, when April comes around, the air is warming up, but the ocean is very cold. Which property of water explains this event?
  1. The first falling leaf of the season has tumbled from the air and landed on the top of the pond. It does not sink, but floats on top of the surface. What property of water allows this to happen?

  1. Does water dissolve polar or non-polar substances? Water’s nickname is the universal ______.

Use the following graph for question #14 -16.

14. What is the maximum amount of KClO3 that may be dissolved in 100 g of water at 50o C?

15.How many grams of NaNO3 can be dissolved at 10oC?

16. Describe how to read the graph above in the space below.

  1. The property of water shown above is known as ______. It is a combination of what two other properties of water? ______& ______
  2. Acid rain has lowered the pH of Lake Livingston from 7.0 to 4.0 and fish are dying. How many more times acidic is the lake now.
  1. Which solution is more basic, one with a pH of 9 or with a pH of 7? How many times more basic it?
  1. How many times less acidic is a solution with a pH of 3 than a solution with a pH of 1?
  1. The amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure (for gases) is the definition of :
  1. What property of water refers to water's ability to move up the stem of a plant against the force of

gravity?

  1. A water spider is more dense than water but still does not fall beneath water’s surface. Describe why this happens. Use the word hydrogen bond.
  1. How is water able to easily break the ionic bonds between ionic compounds like (NaCl).
  1. A solute dissolves very slowly in 100 mL of water while the water is stirred. What are three ways to speed up the dissolving rate so you aren’t waiting so long? (Hint: One is in the line graph)
  1. The amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified terperature and pressure (for gases) is the definition of :
  1. Which side of the water molecule is partially positive?
  1. Which side of the water molecule is partially negative?
  1. How are the electrons distributed in a polar covalent bond?
  1. In ionic bonds, the electrons are (shared) or (taken by the cation and given by the anion)
  1. Most of water’s properties occur because of which of its properties?
  1. Look at the heating curve of water to the right, label each part of the graph as Gas, Solid, or Liquid. Also label each part of the curve as a Temperature Change or Phase Change.
  1. What are the 4 phases of matter?
  1. Name the phase changes of matter. Draw a Concept Map below that shows the relationship between all of the phases of matter and each type of change.
  1. Which phase of matter occurs when a solid turns into a gas directly without going through a liquid phase?
  1. Heat is added between points D and E. All of the heat being added is going to do what to the substance?
  1. The curve above represents the Heating Curve of Water. In which section of the graph will frozen water melt into a liquid? What happens to the temperature in this section of the graph? Why?
  1. Heat is removed from liquid water starting at 85°C until all of the liquid has become frozen into ice at 0°C. Which parts of the water curve above represent this process? Explain why the sections you chose represent each process in the question.