CHAPTER 12
Suggested Readings
Bary Buzan and Richard Little, International Systems in World History: Remaking the Study of International Relations (Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 2000).
Encyclopaedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, 4 Vols., 3rd ed. (New York: Routedge, 2003).
Joshua Goldstein and Sandra Whitworth, International Relations, Canadian Edition (Toronto: Pearson Longman, 2005).
Rohan Gunaratna, Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror (Berkley, California: University of California Press, 2003).
Robert Jackson, et al., North American Politics: Canada, USA, and Mexico in a Comparative Perspective (Toronto: Pearson Education, 2004).
Paul Kennedy, et al., Global Trends and Global Governance (Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2002).
Stephen Mc Bride, Paradigm Shift: Globalization and the CanadianState(Halifax: Fenwood Publishing, 2001).
Kelly-Kate S. Pease, International Organizations: Perspectives on Governance in the Twenty-First Century (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000).
Richard Price and Mark Zacher,The United Nations and Global Security (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon, Canada and the Beijing Conference on Women: Government Politics and NGO Participation (Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2001).
Ulrich Beck, What Is Globalization? (London: Polity Press, 2000).
Alaisdair Young, Extending European Cooperation (Manchester, UK: ManchesterUniversity Press, 2002).
Weblinks
WTO, 2005
NAFTA
Union of International Associations
United Nations
International Monetary Fund
Canadian International Development Agency
Canadian International Trade Tribunal
International Development Research Centre
NGOs
Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières
Intergovernmental Organizations
International Law
International Court of Justice
Customary International Law
International Law Study Aids and Career
ADDITIONAL FACTFILES
FACTFILE: Canada and the United States both comprise less than 25 percent of the world population but together they consume 76 percent of the resources on the planet.
FACTFILE: Canada was the only major participating country to emerge from World War 11 without having been directly attacked by enemy forces, with its economy intact, even strengthened to survive as an independent nation-state in the international system.
FACTFILE: The contemporary nation-state system began with the break-up of the Holy Roman Empire and the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.
FACTFILE: The League of Nations, established in 1918 to maintain international peace failed to provide the collective security instruments to prevent World War 11 but it had a significant influence on the creation and structure of the United Nations.
FACTFILE: Most legal cases concerning international law--whether brought by government or by private individuals or companies--are settled by national courts, not the ICJ.
FACTFILE: The United Nations Human Poverty Index rates living conditions in states, measuring GDP; daily calorie intake; inflation; infant mortality; school enrollment; and life expectancy. For 2001, Niger rated as the poorest country in the world.
FACTFILE: For decades, neither the North nor South Korea became members of the United Nations because both governments were claiming the whole of Korea. (But they finally took seats as separate delegations in 1991.)
FACTFILE: The President of ECOSOC is elected for one year but is eligible for immediate re-election. Among many responsibilities the President must hold a five-week substantive session each year, alternating between New York and Geneva.
FACTFILE: Known originally as Médicins Sans Frontières (MSF), Doctors Without Borders (DWB) first organized in 1971. They have become the world's largest independent medical relief agency to provide primary health care, perform surgery, rehabilitate hospitals and train local medical staff in war zones.
FACTFILE: As early as 1857 a free trade area existed in North America that encompassed Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and the United States.
FACTFILE: The French Revolution of 1789 contributed to the modern nation-state system by spreading the ideology of nationalism and by awakening the possibilities of sovereign independence.
FACTFILE: During the winter of 2002 a cash-strapped UN had great difficulty paying for keeping its New York headquarters building heated.
FACTFILE: NATO's "allied supreme commander" has always been a U.S. general. The first actual use of force by NATO under a U.S. general was in Bosnia in 1994 in support of the United Nations mission.
FACTFILE: The 1999 the Seattle WTO Conference turned into a fiasco: Anarchists, environmental and labour activists delayed the Conference for a day and contributed to its failure for reaching agreement on an agenda.
FACTFILE: By 2004 there were 56 observer governments at the OAS, among them the EU and the Holy See.
FACTFILE: By 2004, the percentage of industrial assets controlled by the top 100 global corporations was 77 per cent as compared with only 39.8 per cent in 1950.
FACTFILE: The Persian word "Talib" is the root of the word Taliban which translates as religious student. First appearing in 1994 in Afghanistan the Taliban's military wing captured Afghan cities and imposed fundamental Islamic law.
FACTFILE: Iraq is often accused of sponsoring "state terrorism" because between the 1980-88 Iraq-Iran war its government used deadly gas on its own citizens, killing thousands of Kurdish men, women and children.
FACTFILE: In 1900 the number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), i.e. private organizations that operate internationally was 69. By 2001 that number had grown to 3116.
FACTFILE: According to Fortune magazine, the world's largest corporations in 2001 controlled assets of $10 trillion, earning profits of $1 trillion and employing over 40 million workers from all over the world.