Triumph of Parliament in England Book OutlineName______
Honors European Studies

  1. The Tudors and Parliament
  1. From 1485-1603 England was ruled by the ______Dynasty. Though the Tudors believed in ______, they shrewdly recognized the value of good relations with Parliament.
  2. Parliament was used to being consulted by the monarch on important matters
  3. Example:
  4. Example:
  5. Example:
  1. Early Stuarts
  1. Elizabeth died in ______and passed the thrown to her relatives, the ______, ruling family of ______. They were not as popular as the Tudors. The result was a “______” that pitted the Stuart monarchs against ______.
  2. Royal Challenge – ______was the first Stuart monarch. He claimed absolute power, lecturing Parliament on ______. He clashed with Parliament over ______and ______policy. In order to finance wars without the consent of Parliament, he dissolved Parliament and collected ______on his own. James also had issues with ______, or Protestants that wanted to “purify” the Church of England of Catholic practices. As a result, today we have the ______Bible.
  3. Parliament Responds – In 1625 ______inherited the throne. Charles summoned Parliament when he needed to raise ______. Parliament demanded that he sign the ______, prohibiting the king from raising taxes without Parliament’s consent. He signed the petition and then dissolved Parliament.
  4. The Long Parliament – Parliament met on and off for 13 years. Parliament tried Charles’ chief ministers and ______them. In 1642, Charles attempted to arrest radical leaders of Parliament. This would lead to the ______.
  1. English Civil War
  1. Civil War lasted from ______.
  2. Cavaliers and Roundheads – ______were supporters of ______. They expected a quick victory. The forces of Parliament were known as ______. They were composed of country gentry, town-dwelling manufacturers, and Puritan clergy. The Roundhead leader was ______. Under Cromwell, the Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers and by ______the King was in the hands of Parliamentary forces.
  3. Execution of a King – Parliament set up a court and put Charles on ______. In 1649 he gave the signal himself and the executioner severed the king’s ______with a single stroke. For the first time, a ruling monarch had been tried and executed by his own ______. Parliament sent a clear signal that no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law.
  1. The Commonwealth
  1. After the Civil War the House of Commons declared England a ______under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.
  2. Challenges to the Commonwealth – Supporters of ______, heir to the throne, attacked England. Parliament passed a law exiling most ______after the Irish attacked. Squabbles also splintered forces within the Commonwealth. The ______thought that the ______men should have as much say in government as the gentry, lawyers, and other leading citizens. Cromwell suppressed these and other radical groups and soon granted himself the title ______. From then on he ruled through the ______.
  3. End of the Commonwealth – Cromwell died in ______and the Puritans soon lost their grip on England. Many people were tired of ______rule and in 1660 a newly elected Parliament invited ______to return to England to rule.
  1. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
  1. Charles II was a popular ruler. He restored the official ______but tolerated other ______such as Presbyterians, Quakers, and Baptists. Although he accepted the Petition of Right he shared his father’s faith in ______.
  2. A New Clash With Parliament – In 1685 Charles’ brother ______inherited the throne. He angered his subjects by flaunting his ______faith, suspending laws, and appointing Catholics to ______. In 1688 Parliament invited James’ Protestant daughter______and her Dutch husband______to rule England. James II fled to France and the bloodless overthrow of a king became known as the ______.
  3. English Bill of Rights – The Bill of Rights ensured the superiority of Parliament over the ______. It required the monarchy to summon Parliament regularly and gave the power of the ______. A king or queen could no longer interfere with Parliamentary debates. It also barred any ______from sitting on the throne.
  4. Other traditional rights of English citizens that the Bill or Rights restored were:
  5. ______
  6. ______
  7. ______
  8. ______
  9. The ______of 1689 granted limited ______freedoms to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters, though not yet Catholics. Only members of the ______could hold public office.

Triumph of Parliament in England Book OutlineName______
Honors European StudiesPage 421-425

  1. The Tudors and Parliament
  1. From 1485-1603 England was ruled by the Tudor Dynasty. Though the Tudors believed in Devine Right, they shrewdly recognized the value of good relations with Parliament.
  2. Parliament was used to being consulted by the monarch on important manners
  3. Example: Approval of the Act of Supremacy when Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church
  4. Levying new taxes to pay for wars
  5. Queen Elizabeth’s marriage or issues of foreign affairs
  1. Early Stuarts
  1. Elizabeth died in 1603 and passed the thrown to her relatives, the Stuarts, ruling family of Scotland. They were not as popular as the Tudors. The result was a “century of revolution” that pitted the Stuart monarchs against Parliament.
  2. Royal Challenge – James I was the first Stuart monarch. He claimed absolute power, lecturing Parliament on Divine Right. He clashed with Parliament over money and foreign policy. In order to finance wars without the consent of Parliament, he dissolved Parliament and collected taxes on his own. James also had issues with Puritans, or Protestants that wanted to “purify” the Church of England of Catholic practices. As a result, today we have the King James Bible.
  3. Parliament Responds – In 1625 Charles I inherited the throne. Charles summoned Parliament when he needed to raise taxes. Parliament demanded that he sign the Petition of Right, prohibiting the king from raising taxes without Parliament’s consent. He signed the petition and then dissolved Parliament.
  4. The Long Parliament – Parliament met on and off for 13 years. Parliament tried Charles’ chief ministers and executed them. In 1642, Charles attempted to arrest radical leaders of Parliament. This would lead to the English Civil War.
  1. English Civil War
  1. Civil War lasted from 1642-1649.
  2. Cavaliers and Roundheads – Cavaliers were supporters of Charles I. They expected a quick victory. The forces of Parliament were known as Roundheads. They were composed of country gentry, town-dwelling manufacturers, and Puritan clergy. The Roundhead leader was Oliver Cromwell. Under Cromwell, the Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers and by 1647 the King was in the hands of Parliamentary forces.
  3. Execution of a King – Parliament set up a court and put Charles on trial. In 1649 he gave the signal himself and the executioner severed the king’s head with a single stroke. For the first time, a ruling monarch had been tried and executed by his own people. Parliament sent a clear signal that no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law.
  1. The Commonwealth
  1. After the Civil War the House of Commons declared England a Commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.
  2. Challenges to the Commonwealth – Supporters of Charles II, heir to the throne, attacked England. Parliament passed a law exiling most Catholics after the Irish attacked. Squabbles also splintered forces within the Commonwealth. The Levellers thought that thepoor men should have as much say in government as the gentry, lawyers, and other leading citizens. Cromwell suppressed these and other radical groups and soon granted himself the title Lord Protector. From then on he ruled through the army.
  3. End of the Commonwealth – Cromwell died in 1658 and the Puritans soon lost their grip on England. Many people were tired of military rule and in 1660 a newly elected Parliament invited Charles II to return to England to rule.
  1. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
  1. Charles II was a popular ruler. He restored the official Church of England but tolerated other Protestants such as Presbyterians, Quakers, and Baptists. Although he accepted the Petition of Right he shared his father’s faith in absolute monarchy.
  2. A New Clash With Parliament – In 1685 Charles’ brother James II inherited the throne. He angered his subjects by flaunting his Catholic faith, suspending laws, and appointing Catholics to high office. In 1688 Parliament invited James’ Protestant daughter Maryand her Dutch husband William to rule England. James II fled to France and the bloodless overthrow of a king became known as the Glorious Revolution.
  3. English Bill of Rights – The Bill of Rights ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy. It required the monarchy to summon Parliament regularly and gave the power of the purse. A king or queen could no longer interfere with Parliamentary debates. It also barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne.
  4. Other traditional rights of English citizens that the Bill or Rights restored were:
  5. Trial by jury
  6. Abolition of excessive fines
  7. Abolition of cruel and unusual punishment
  8. Habeas corpus
  9. The Toleration Act of 1689 granted limited religious freedoms to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters, though not yet Catholics. Only members of the Church of England could hold public office.