The Reformation of Christianity
reformation- a reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church
Protestants- those who protested against the Roman Catholic Church
indulgences- a document given by the pope that excused a person from penalties of sins committed
diet- a council of nobles and church officials
excommunicated- banned
Reformation- Reasons for Change
1. Catholic church practices had become unpopular.
-pope was too involved in politics
-church was too rich and didn't pay taxes
-sale of indulgences
2. Martin Luther
- wrote Ninety-Five Theses
-considered an outlaw and excommunicated
-his ideas led to a split in the church
-his followers were called Lutherans
3. King Henry VIII
-got mad at the pope and declared himself head of a new church-
The Anglican Church or The Church of England
1. What was the Reformation?
a reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church
2. Who was Martin Luther, and what were the 95 Theses?
a priest; a list of complaints against the church
3. Why did some people criticize the selling of indulgences?
They thought the church was letting people buy
1. What was the Reformation?
a reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church
2. Who was Martin Luther, and what were the 95 Theses?
a priest; a list of complaints against the church
3. Why did some people criticize the selling of indulgences?
They thought the church was letting people buy their way into heaven.
4. Who were the Protestants?
those who protested the Roman Catholic Church
5. What happened when William Tyndale had the Bible translated into English?
He was executed.
6. One of John Calvin's main teachings was predestination. What is predestination?
the idea that God knew who would be saved before they were born
The Catholic Reformation
(The Counter Reformation)
Catholic Reformation-the effort to stop the spread of Protestantism and to reform the Catholic Church from within
Jesuits- a religious order created to serve the pope and church
federalism- the sharing of power between local governments and a strong central government
Spain
- the Catholic Church drove all protestants out of Spain
-Spanish Inquisition punished all non-Catholics (Muslims, Jews, and Protestants)
Southern Europe
- Jesuits (Society of Jesus) were a new order of priests
Council of Trent (a meeting of church leaders in Trent, Italy)
-selling of indulgences banned
-Bishops must live in the area they oversee
-ideas of Luther, Calvin and other Reformation leaders are rejected
Missionaries
-traveled to foreign countries to spread Catholicism
-many were Jesuits
-Jesuit Priest St. Francis Xavier went to India and Japan
Political Impact
Religious Wars
France
-Protestants were called French Huguenots
-war between French Catholics and Huguenots
-Henry IV issued Edicts of Nantes, a law granting religious freedom in most of France
Holy Roman Empire
-King of Bohemia forced everyone to become Catholic
-Protestants protested and this began the Thirty Years' War
-it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia which allowed rulers to determine whether their countries would be catholic or Protestant
Social Changes
-Protestants governed their own churches
-this led to self-government (i.e. American colonies) and federalism
-Reformation also led to a Scientific Revolution
7. What was the Catholic Reformation?
an effort to stop the spread of Protestantism and to reform the Catholic Church from within
8. What was the job of the Spanish Inquisition?
to punish all Muslims, Jews and Protestants
9. What was the purpose of the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits?
to serve the pope and the church
10.Why was the Council of Trent important?
Catholic clergy met to debated and reform Catholic teachings. Decisions made at the council led to major reforms in the church.
11. Who were the Huguenots?
French Protestants
12. How did the war between French Catholics and Huguenots end?
with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted religious freedom in most of France
13. Where did the Thirty Years' War begin?
France
14. What was the result of the Treaty of Westphalia?
The Thirty Years' War ended, rulers could determine whether their countries would be Catholic or Protestant, and the states of Germany became independent of the Holy Roman Empire.
15. How was new religious freedom related to increasing political freedom?
As people gained more of a voice in their religion, they wanted more voice in their government, too.
16. What is federalism?
the sharing of power between local governments and a strong central government