Name ______Period______
Semester 2 Final Exam 2010-11
Science 6
1. The following data table shows the number of deaths caused by influenza and pneumonia from 1917-1918, during the time of the 1918 influenza pandemic.
U.S. Deaths per 100,000 Attributed to Influenza and Pneumonia, 1917-1918
Age / 1917 / 1918<1 / 2,944.5 / 4,540.9
1-4 / 422.7 / 1,436.2
5-14 / 47.9 / 352.7
15-24 / 78 / 1,175.7
25-34 / 117.7 / 1,998.0
35-44 / 193.2 / 1,097.6
45-54 / 292.3 / 686.8
Adapted from Age-specific death rates (per 100,000), Influenza & Pneumonia, USA (Noymer, 2007)
According to the data table, which age group shows the GREATEST INCREASE in death rates caused by influenza and pneumonia from 1917 to 1918?
15-24 year olds
2. Listsbacteria, virus, protistfrom smallest to largest.
virus, bacteria, protist
3. What types of organisms are multicellular?
plants and animals
4. What generally causes an infectious disease?
microbes
5. What makes up all living organisms
cells
6. List some examples of NON-infectious diseases.
cancer, diabetes, heart disease
7. What are the rules for handling a microscope correctly?
Carry with 2 hands, do not let stage touch the objectives, do not use near water, turn off when done
8. What is a trade off of using quarantine for someone with an infectious disease?
loss of freedom, loss of wages at work
9. What category(s) include microbes?
bacteria, protists, virus
10. There are four species of insect eating birds on an island.
Insect 1 / Insect 2 / Insect 3 / Insect 4Blue bird / 23 / 50 / 4 / 30
Yellow bird / 3 / 75 / 50 / 1
Red bird / 6 / 23 / 67 / 24
Green bird / 9 / 11 / 50 / 52
Wildlife biologists have noticed that Yellow bird population has
dramatically decreased. The biologist’s recorded the number of
insects that the birds ate each day.
What could be a probable explanation of why the Yellow bird’s
population is decreasing?
Red, blue and/or green bird is competing with yellow bird
for a type of insect and this is decreasing the amount of food yellow bird has available.
11. What is the function of the cell membrane and which cells have membrane.
cell membrane allows substances to pass in and out of a cell. All cells except viruses have a
membrane
12. How are different conclusions possible if all of the scientists are looking at the same experiments and data?
Each scientist was able to fit the data together into a logical conclusion even though the resulting models were not identical.
13. Which types of cells have nucleus and which do not?
With nucleus= animal (human), protist, plant No nucleus= bacteria , virus
14. Where is the genetic material of the cell found?
nucleus
15. What does the word “cell” describe?
The smallest unit of organization
16. What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease?
wash hands often
17. When reporting the results of an experiment that collected large quantities of numerical data on the effects of colored light on the growth rate of plants, what would be the BEST way to graph the information?
line graph for each color of light used
18. What is a trade-off for someone who decides not to take the full course of antibiotics?
not all the microbes will be killed and you might get sicker
19. Single celled organisms include which type of organisms?
Bacteria, protists, yeast
20. How are bacteria and protists alike and different?
Alike: 1-celled, living, cell membrane, genetic material, cytoplasm
Different: bacteria does not have a nucleus, they have a cell wall and they are much smaller
Questions 21 and 22 refer to the following graph, which shows the spread of an infectious disease through a population
time
21. Describe what usually happens to the number of infected people at the start of the spread of the disease.
The number infected increases.
22. Over time, what usually happens to the number of infected people?
It will begin to decrease as people get better or die.
23. What size population of bacteria would produce a disease in the shortest amount of time?
The largest size population or the fastest growing
24. How do you calculate the total magnification of a microscope?
eyepiece x objective = magnification
25. What do scientists use to classify an unknown organism?
structure, size, shape
26. What body system protects you from invading microbes?
immune system
27. Define and describe sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Be able to give examples.
Sexual Reproduction= 1) two parents give equal amounts of genetic material to produce similar but not identical offspring
2) sex cells (egg and sperm) combine
3) examples: crossing 2 different flowers fish, black cat crossed with a white cat.
Asexual Reproduction= 1) identical offspring reproduced from 1 parent, except when there is a mutation
2) one-celled and multicelled organisms use this
3) examples: worm spitting, budding runners
28. What can determine an organism’s traits?
One gene, many genes, or the environment
29. During which type of reproduction do sex cells unite?
Sexual reproduction
30. What types of organisms use sexual reproduction?
Animals (including humans) and plants
31. Where is genetic information stored?
Nucleus
32. What are examples of asexual reproduction?
budding (Hydra, strawberries) , fragmentation (worms), mitosis (cells), binary fission (bacteria)
cuttings (plants)
33. What kinds of organisms are best for studying genetics? Give examples.
Quickly reproducing organisms like pea plants, fruit flies, mice
34. When is the offspring of asexual reproduction different from its parent?
A mutation of genetic information
35. What type(s) of organisms reproduce sexually and which use asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction= multicellular organisms only Asexual reproduction= one-celled and some multicellular organisms
36. Where do the offspring of asexual reproduction receive its genetic information from?
One parent
37. How does a sperm or egg cell differ from all the other cells in your body?
Sperm and egg cells contain only half the number of genes as the other cells.
38. What is mitosis?
Dividing of nuclear material making 2 identical copies
39. How does your body grow as you get older?
Your cells divide, producing new cells.
40. Mitosis begins in which cell organelle?
nucleus
41. How does the number of chromosomes in a daughter cell compare to the number of chromosomes in a parent cell?
The daughter cell has the exact same number of chromosomes.
42. What causes inherited diseases?
Genes
43. List these structures from largest to smallest: DNA, body, gene, chromosome, organ systems, tissue, cells, organs,
Body, organ systems, organs, tissue, cells, chromosomes, genes, DNA
44. List the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
45. What happens at the end of mitosis?
The cell membrane splits.
46. What is a clone?
An artificial form of asexual reproduction producing a genetically identical organism.
47. Give examples of sexual reproduction.
An orange cat is mated with a black cat in hopes of producing a tiger striped cat. Flowers from two different plants re mated to produce a seed
48. Cuttings are examples of which type of reproduction?
asexual
49. Fragmentation is an example of which type of reproduction?
asexual
50. Use the letter “A” to represent a genetic trait. Write what you would use to represent the homozygous dominant condition and
homozygous recessive condition. What would you use to show a heterozygous condition?
Homozygous dominant= AA Heterozygous= Aa Homozygous recessive= aa
Questions 51-54 refer to the table
R r
RR / RrRr
R
r
51. In the table shown above, the empty square should be filled in as:
rr
52. How would the dominant condition be written?
RR, Rr
53. Among the offspring, what is the ratio of dominant to recessive for this trait?
3:1
54. This table is used to determine the probability of traits in offspring as a result of which type of reproduction?
sexual reproduction
55. What are some trade-offs of being tested for a genetic disorder?
Stress, it might be hard to get insurance or a job, you might have to make life-style changes
56. Who was Gregor Mendel?
One of the 1st to study patterns of heredity scientifically
57. How many copies of each chromosome do most human cells have? 2
58. If both parents are carriers for a genetic trait that is based on only one gene, what is the likelihood that their offspring will inherit this trait?
¼ or 25%
59. What are some good ways to deal with an unwanted pet?
Give it to friends or family Take it back to the store or where you got it
Take it to a shelter
60. What are consumers? List examples.
consumer- organisms that get their energy from eating other organisms
examples are animals like bears, fish, rabbits and insects
61. What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?
To use the sun’s energy to make energy stored as food
62. Feeding relationships in an ecosystem are best represented by what?
webs
Questions 63-65 refer to the following diagram:
owl humans
rabbit
sun grass
63. In this diagram, which of the following are consumers?
rabbit, owl, humans
64. The original source of energy is the:
sun
65. What is missing from the diagram? a decomposer
66. What uses photosynthesis?
Producers
67. What is a decomposer? Give examples.
decomposer- organisms that eat dead organisms and waste from living organisms
Ex- bacteria, fungi, worms, some beetles
Questions 68-72 refer to the following table:
Table 1: Population Over Time
Year / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5Populations / 2 / 5 / 10 / 17 / 30
68. If you were to graph the data in Table 1, the best type of graph to create would be a:
line graph
69. How does the data in Table 1 change over time?
It increases.
70. If this population were to reach carrying capacity in this area, what would happen to the population size?
stay the same over time
71. What factors can affect carrying capacity?
The amount of food available, competition with other species, change in weather, natural disaster
72. How would the introduction of a competing species affect the carrying capacity of the native
species?
It is likely to decrease.
Questions 73-75 refer to the following paragraph:
A new species of fish has been introduced into Lake Hiawatha. This fish eats minnows, a smaller fish that already live in the lake.
73. What do you predict will happen to the population of minnows in Lake Hiawatha?
it will decrease
74. What do you think will happen to the population of the new species of fish in Lake Hiawatha?
it will increase
75. The introduction of this new species of fish into Lake Hiawatha provides an example of:
competition
76. Why can some introduced species survive and overpopulated an area?
They have no natural predators in the area.
77. What is a population? Give an example.
population- group of the same kind of organisms living in a certain place
Ex- all the rainbow trout in a specific lake
All the garden snails in a specific garden
78. What is classification and why is it used?
classification/classify- grouping things according to similarities
It can be used to identify organisms, show relationships among different groups of
organisms, and is based on a systematic method
79. List the types of symbiotic relationships.
1. predation is the feeding of one organism on another; ex lion hunting a zebra
2. mutualism is a relationship that benefits both organisms; ex ants protecting aphids who gather food
3. commensalism is a relationship that benefits one partner but does not help or harm the other; ex egret getting bugs from cows grazing
4. parasitism is a relationship that benefits one and harms the other; ex is tapeworms taking the nutrients from dogs
80. What are the steps of the water cycle?
evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection
81. There are 30 toads in a pond that is 30 sq. meters. What is the population density of the toads in the pond?
1 toad per square meter
82. Why are there fewer carnivores at the top of the energy pyramid?
because each one depends on large populations of other organisms for food.
83. Ants use aphids to collect food for them. In return, the ants provide protection for the aphids from their predators. What kind of
relationship is this?
mutualism
84. How might a lack of sunlight disrupt the food web?
It would prevent producers from producing nutrients.
85. What abiotic things might you find in an ecosystem?
Rocks, air light and soil
86. Remoras are fish that swim alongside sharks, eating scraps that the sharks leave behind. This is an example of which symbiotic
relationship?
Commensalism
87. Extinct organisms may be related to which of the following?
Both living and extinct organisms
88. What could cause the extinction of a species?
environmental change, loss of food source, disease
89. What is likely to be a fossil?
a footprint, a piece of bone, a tooth
90. How are geologic time periods divided?
the appearance and disappearance of life forms
91. Which organisms have existed on earth for the longest period of time?
single-celled organisms
Questions 92-94 refer to this diagram:
92. What does the diagram above show?
the presence of fossils in layers of rock
93. Based on the evidence, which organism lived most recently?
a plant
94. What is the relative age of the fish in the diagram?
The fish are older than the plant, but more recent than the shelled organism.
95. Can mutations help a species?
They are sometimes helpful, sometimes harmful.
Questions 16-19 refer to a similar paragraph:
A population of frogs eats the green flies that live on a pond. Every so often the green flies have a brown offspring. The brown flies are usually seen more quickly by the frogs and eaten sooner.
96. The fact that the brown flies are easier to see and are less likely to survive as a result is known as what?
natural selection
97. What most likely caused the brown flies?
the brown flies are probably a result of a mutation
98. Why do the green flies survive better on this pond?
Their color makes them better adapted than brown flies.
99. Imagine that increased pollution caused the lily pads on the pond to be heavily covered with brown particles. What is most likely to happen?
The brown flies would be less likely to be eaten by the frogs. Over time, the fly population would have more brown flies.
100. What does the fossil record show about life on earth?
Living things have changed over time.