Forces and Motion Guided Notes

1.  Forces and Motion

  1. Forces can create changes in motion (______or ______).

2.  Force

  1. A force is a ______or a ______.

3.  Balanced Force

  1. A force that produces ______in an object’s ______because it is balanced by an equal yet opposite force.

4.  Unbalanced Forces

  1. Are forces that result in an object’s ______being ______.

5.  Motion can be described as:

  1. A change in an object’s ______.
  2. Average ______(speed) is the change of ______of an object over time.

6.  Newton’s 1ST Law of Motion

  1. 1st Laws States that an object at rest will not move unless an outside force acts on it (such as friction). This law is also called the ______
  2. Ex. This law explains why you fly forward in a car when someone slams on the brakes. Because of Inertia, your body wants to keep moving at the same speed as the car.

7.  Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

  1. 2nd Law States that a force on an object will move the object in the direction of the force. The relationship between force, mass and acceleration is summarized by the formula:
  2. ______
  3. Ex. This law explains why a golf ball will roll in the direction of a force applied to it.

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9.  Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

  1. 3rd Law States that for every action there is an ______but ______action.
  2. Ex. A skater pushes back on the skates but the skater moves forward.

10.  THESE LAWS EXPLAIN ALL MOTION

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12.  Momentum

  1. The product of an object’s mass and its speed. A force applied to an object causes a change in its ______.
  2. p(momentum)= m(mass) x v(velocity)
  3. p = mv
  4. common unit for momentum (kg x m/s)

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14.  Velocity Graphs
V = distance
time

  1. Velocity (v) is the ______(rise over run) of a position (d) vs. time (t) graph

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16.  Acceleration

  1. When an object’s ______changes over time it is accelerating (or decelerating)
  2. A = vfinal – vinitial / time
  3. Units for acceleration m/s/s or m/s2

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19.  Work

  1. ______: application of a force to an object that results in the movement of the object over a certain ______.
  2. ______
  3. The work done by forces on an object = changes in energy for that object.
  4. Work and Energy are measured in Joules
  5. 1 ______= 1 Newton • meter

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22.  Friction

  1. A force that ______, or works against, ______of two objects that are touching.
  2. ______causes an object to slow down and stop.
  3. Since the amount of energy stays constant, the energy becomes ______
  4. Why Use a Machine?
  5. In an ideal (perfect) machine the work put into the ______(Win) = the work put out by that machine (Wout)

23.  Machines Make Work Easier

  1. The ideal mechanical advantage of a machine (IMA) of a machine is the number of times the output force is larger than the input force IMA = Fout/Fin
  2. A machine can only make this happen by moving the input force through a farther distance than the output force
  3. Fin • din= Fout • dout

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30.  Universal Law of Gravity

  1. All objects in the universe attract each other by the force of ______.
  2. Gravity varies depending on two factors:
  3. 1) the mass of the object doing the pulling, and
  4. 2) the distance from the center of that object

31.  On Earth gravity = 9.8 m/s/s

  1. For every second that an object falls its speed increases by 9.8 m/s

32.  Weight=
Mass (m) X gravity (g)

  1. Unit of mass = kg
  2. Unit of acceleration = m/s/s
  3. Unit of weight = Newton
  4. 1 Newton= about ¼ pound

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