Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
NOUNS
1. A noun is the name of a person, place, or thing.
2. Nouns are divided into five different kinds:
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
Proper Nouns
Common Nouns
Collective nouns
Material Nouns
Abstract Nouns
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
A Proper Noun is the name of a particular person, place, or thing.
eg: John ( person ) ; Palm Beach County ( place ) ; The Chinese ( people );Books ( thing )
A Common Noun is a name that can be given to any person or thing of the same kind.
eg : Man, boy, table, dog
A Collective Noun is singular in form though denoting more than one.
eg : Herd, army, flock.
A Material Noun is the name of a substance
eg : Milk, iron, wood.
An Abstract noun is the name of a quality.
eg : Love, truth, color.
Number of Nouns
1. Number shows whether one is meant, or more than one.
2. There are two Numbers:
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
The Singular Number
The Plural Number
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
The Singular number denotes only one object: boy, girl
The Plural number denotes more than one object: boys, girls.
The Plural is generally formed by adding s to the Singular :
pen pens chair chairs
book books garden gardens
When the noun ends in s, x, ch, or sh, the Plural is formed by adding es to the Singular : -
glass glasses watch watches
box boxes dish dishes
If the noun ends in y, and the y has consonant going before it, the Plural is formed by changing y into ies : -
duty duties army armies
fly flies lady ladies
But if the y has vowel going before it, the Plural is formed by simply adding s:
day days key keys
boy boys monkey monkeys
Most nouns ending in f or fe form the Plural by changing f or fe into ves
calf calves life lives
knife knives wife wives
leaf leaves thief thieves
If the noun ends in o, and the o is preceded by a consonant, the Plural is generally (not always) formed by adding es to the Singular:
cargo cargoes negro negroes
hero heroes potato potatoes
But if the o is preceded by a vowel, the Plural is formed by simply adding s to the singular :
bamboo bamboos curio curios
cuckoo cuckoos studio studios
Some nouns from their Plurals irregularly:
man men tooth teeth
woman women mouse mice
foot feet ox oxen
goose geese child children
Some Nouns have the same from in the Plural as in the Singular :
deer deer fish fish ( fishes )
sheep sheep dozen dozen ( dozens )
ADJECTIVES1. An Adjective qualifies a noun or a pronoun.
2. Adjectives are divided into six different kinds :
Proper Adjectives are derived from proper nouns.
eg : a. Chinese soldiers fought bravely.
b.We are studying the English language.
In (a) the word " Chinese " is a proper adjective because it is derived from the proper noun " China "
In (b) the word " English " is a proper adjective because it is derived from the proper noun " England ".
Note -- Every proper adjective should begin with a capital letter.
Descriptive Adjectives qualify a noun by adding some quality or state to it.
eg :a. A brave soldier killed the enemy.
(quality)
b.There are some sick soldiers in the hospital (state)
Quantitative Adjectives indicate how much of a thing is meant.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
He has much rice.
He has little rice.
He has no rice.
He has some rice.
He has not any rice.
He has enough rice.
He has sufficient rice.
He sold all the rice.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
Numeral Adjectives express number.
Numeral Adjectives are subdivided into (a) Definite and (b) Indefinite
a) Definite Numeral Adjectives denote some exact number. Those which show how many things there are are called Cardinals;Those which show in what order things stand are called Ordinals.
Cardinals : one, two three, etc.
Ordinals : first, second, third, etc.
b) Indefinite Numeral Adjectives do not denote any exact number.
Examples :
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
All men are mortal.
Some men died young
No men were present.
Many men are poor.
Few men are rich.
More men came today than yesterday.
Most men must work for their living.
Several men came.
Sunday men went away.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
Demonstrative Adjectives show which thing is meant.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
This house is mine.
That house is your.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
These adjectives are also subdivided into Definite and Indefinite.
a) Definite demonstrative Adjectives point out some particular objects.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
He is in the house.
This book is mine.
That pen is yours.
These books are mine.
Those pens are yours.
I cannot do such a thing as that.
This is the same story as I heard the other day.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
b) Indefinite Demonstrative Adjectives do not point out any particular object.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
He has an horse.
He has not any brother.
He saw me one day in the theater.
A certain man came here.
Some man came here.
Give me any other box.
I have another box.
Other men would not do so.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
Distributive Adjectives point out that the objects named are to be taken separately.
There are only four distributive adjectives.
Examples :
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
I will give a book to each scholar in this class.
Every person in the room was astonished.
You may have either book.
You may have neither book.
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Grammar
NOUN AND DJECTIVE
Source:http://www.englishdaily626.com
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