Marine Fishes - Biology of Fishes (Part 1 - Anatomy)
Fill in the blanks using the red Marine Biology book using pages 152-160
Body Shape
1)Body shape is directly related to Click here to enter text.. Fast swimmers have a Click here to enter text.body shape. Flatfish (such as flounders and Click here to enter text.) are adapted for living on the Click here to enter text..
2)What is the eel body shape adapted for? Click here to enter text..
Coloration
3)Some bony fish use color for Click here to enter text.. The colored pigments in bony fish are found in special skin cells called Click here to enter text.. Many fish can change color by contractingand expandingthe pigment in these special cells.
4)Fish may also have Click here to enter text.colors that result when a special surface reflects certain colors of light. These colors are caused by crystalsthat act like tiny mirrors. These are contained inClick here to enter text..
5)Describe the three types of coloration seen is fish
a)Warning coloration - Choose an item.
b)Cryptic coloration - Choose an item.
c)Disruptive coloration - Choose an item.
d)Countershading - Choose an item.
Locomotion
6)Many cartilaginous fish and some bony fish must swim to flushtheir gills with water to obtainClick here to enter text..
7)Most fish swim with rhythmic Click here to enter text. motion. These contractions are produced by bands of muscle called Click here to enter text.which run along the sides of the body.
Feeding
8)*Answer using Figure 8.13* The shape of the mouth of bony fish tell much about their Click here to enter text..
a)Butterflyfishes (b) use Click here to enter text.to feed on Click here to enter text..
b)Parrotfishes (d) use Click here to enter text.to feed on Click here to enter text..
c)Herrings(e) have Click here to enter text.mouths because they are Click here to enter text.feeders.
Digestion
9)After being swallowed, food passes through the pharynx and a short tube called theClick here to enter text.into the Click here to enter text..
10)The stomach is typically Click here to enter text.or elongated but may be modified into a Click here to enter text.structure or lost all together.
11)In the intestine of most bony fishes are many blind tubes, the Click here to enter text.,which secretes digestive enzymes.
12)Carnivorous fishes have short Click here to enter text.intestines while fish that eat sea weed have Click here to enter text.intestines.
13)Cartilaginous fishes intestines have a spiraling portion called the Click here to enter text.
a)What is the purpose of this? Click here to enter text.
Circulatory System
14) All fishes have a Click here to enter text.heart located below the gills.
15) There are five steps to the circulatory system:
b)Deoxygenated blood comes into the Choose an item.of the heart from the body
c)The blood is then pumped to the Choose an item.where it is pumped to the Choose an item.where gas exchange takes place.
d)The oxygenated blood is carried back to the body by blood vessels called Choose an item..
e)Arteries branch out into Choose an item.that allow Click here to enter text.and nutrients to reach every cell.
f)Other capillaries collect into Choose an item.that carry deoxygenated blood and Click here to enter text. back to the Choose an item.
Respiratory System
16) How do fish extract oxygen from the water? Click here to enter text..
Irrigation of the Gills
17) Most sharks swim continuously. Why? Click here to enter text.
18) Every gill lies in its own Click here to enter text.and each gill chamber opens to the outside by a separate Click here to enter text..
19) The first pair of gill slits (in cartilaginous fishes) is modified into Click here to enter text., a pair of round openings near the eyes.
20) What does the answer to #19 allow them to do? Click here to enter text..
21) In bony fish the gills share a common Click here to enter text.which opens to the outside through an opening on each side of the head.The opening is covered by an Click here to enter text..
22) When the mouth Choose an item.the opercula Choose an item.and the pharynxChoose an item.,sucking water in.
Structure of the Gills
23) Fish gills are supported by gill Click here to enter text.,, which are cartilaginouis or bony structures. They have two rows of slender projections called Click here to enter text..
24) What is the purpose of the lamellae? Click here to enter text.
Gas Exchange
25)What is the purpose of the countercurrent system of flow? Click here to enter text.
Regulation of Internal Environment
26) The blood of marine bony fishes is Choose an item.salty than seawater which causes fish to Choose an item.water by osmosis.
27) They must Click here to enter text.to prevent dehydration. To do this they swallow Click here to enter text., which contains excess salts. These salts are excreted by the Click here to enter text., the most important excretory organ.
28) Cartilaginous fish reduce osmosis by Choose an item.the amount of dissolved molecules, or Click here to enter text., making their blood salt concentration closer to that of seawater. They do this by producing and retaining in their blood Click here to enter text., a usually toxic chemical waste product.
Nervous System & Sensory Organs
29) Most fish have a highly developed sense of Click here to enter text.which they use for detecting food, Click here to enter text., and predators, and to find their way Click here to enter text..
30) Fish have special sensory cells called Choose an item.on both sides of the head.
31) Fish eyes are not much different from other vertebrates,but one difference is that their round lens focuses by moving Click here to enter text.away from the subject.
32) Most bony fish have Click here to enter text.vision while cartilaginous fish do not.
33) Sharks have a Choose an item. to protect their eyes during feeding.
34) A unique feature of fish is the Choose an item.that allows them to detect Click here to enter text.in the water.
35) Cartilaginous fish also have sense organs called Choose an item.that detect weak Click here to enter text.fields.
36) Fish can also perceive sound waves with their Click here to enter text.. The inner ear is also involved with Click here to enter text.andClick here to enter text..