Chapter 19.1, “How the Nervous System Works” Review & Reinforce
Teacher Notes for Students
(References: Review & Reinforce WORKSHEET pg. 338; textbook 626-630)
Directions:
Cross-reference your notes with the teacher notes below. Make editions by proofreading AND correcting inaccurate responses. Be sure to study the correct information completely and carefully. Best wishes in your studies! J
Understanding Main Idea
1. The 3 main functions of the nervous system are:
· Receiving information (stimulus) = example is buzzing fly received from receptor cells in ear & the impulse (the vibrations of the ‘buzzing’ from the fly) traveling to AND through several sensory neurons on the way to the inter-neurons where the buzzing is ‘interpreted’ by the cerebrum portion of the brain!
· Responding to information (response) = example is after the inter-neurons in the cerebrum interpreted the buzz message, the impulse moves down into the spinal cord along more nerves here, AND then the impulse transfers onto the motor neurons where the muscles pick-up the impulse (chemical/ electrical message) TO MAKE YOUR START swatting/ waving (THIS IS THE ACTUAL RESPONSE) your hand at the fly! ;0
· Maintaining homeostasis = example is that your body cells were ‘using energy’ (rate of cellular respiration could increase to produce more energy) for you to move all the tissues (lots of muscle tissue to move your muscles in your arms & hands; also, bone tissue would be active because the muscles are attached to the bones) which would aid in your arm-swatting-motions!!!! The annoying little fly! Umpf… pesty little fly! Once the buzzing fly disappeared from your ear, your cells of your tissues became more ‘internally balanced’ where fluid levels inside & outside the cells became more balance, less nutrients were needed to enter the cell for cell respiration (glucose & oxygen) so your glucose and oxygen levels would balance between the inside & outside of your cells, etc…… this all leads to a more balanced amount of energy from within and without your cells (efficient energy usage)! J
(Note: You may substitute my examples from above with your own as long as your examples demonstrate the accurate understanding of ‘stimuli’, ‘responses’, and ‘maintaining homeostasis’. J
2. The three kinds of neurons:
· Sensory Neurons = picks up stimuli
· Interneurons = interprets stimuli
· Motor Neurons = carries out the muscular-related (bicep, tricep, pacemaker heart tissue)/ glandular (glands of your body like your adrenal glands above your two kidneys) responses.
3. A message (synonym = nerve impulse) crosses the gap AT the synapse ‘site’ by:
· reaching the axon tips of the neuron,
· then releases chemicals, the chemicals go across the gap AT the synapse,
· and finally reaches the dendrites of the NEXT NERVE CELL,
· the chemicals go throughout the cell body next (where the nucleus is located)
· the chemical message continues its traveling journey to actual long AXON,
· and finally out to the axon tips …..
· THE JOURNEY OF THIS CHEMICAL/ELECTRICAL NERVE IMPULSE is like a ‘relay-race-line’ = a line-up of nerve cells, maybe like beads on a necklace all strung-togetherJ Keep in mind, though, that the line-up of nerve cells can bend and twist, so the actual ‘line-up’ is not in a perfectly straight line!!
Building Vocabulary
Labeling the diagram from your worksheet:
4. Axon tip
5. Synapse
6. Dendrite
7. Axon
Fill in the blank to complete each statement:
8. Response
9. Nerve
10. Nerve impulse
11. Stimulus
12. Neuron