UKRAINIAN AQUACULTURE STEADY DEVELOPMENT IN MARKET ECONOMY

Vdovenko Natalia

NationalUniversity of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine

Efficient ecologically balanced usage of artificial reservoir aquaculture is very important for fishery in Ukraine. Usually such reservoirs are ponds, lakes, pools, and pools-refrigerators. For population of Ukraine fish is a traditional product corresponding to their tastes and its production is located close to consumers' place of living. There is a point in aquaculture development. Its part in the country's GDP is very small. That is why to develop aquaculture it is necessary to create special laws and management structure. The state support should start with introducing a proper Law on aquaculture and The Programme of aquaculture development in Ukraine based on that Law. Without such a law it is not possible to create regional work programmes for aquaculture development.

The creation of the fishing industry occurs along with gradual reduction of the government role in economy and appropriate increase of the individual initiative of managing subjects. At the same time, taking into account duration of processes of redistribution of public functions for the benefit of public sectors and initial accuring of the capital as decisive condition of such redistribution there are three major problems. Let us review all these problems in greater detail to identify their main features.

It is necessary to pay attention to improvement of directives, instructions and orders concerning aquaculture. For example, Instruction on Artificial Breeding, Growing up Live Water Resources approved by the State Fishery Committee order # 4 as of 15.01.2008 and registered by the Ministry of Justice in Ukraine under # 64/14755 as of 28.01.2008. The previous Instruction approved by the State Fishery Committee order # 154 as of 28.10.1998 and registered by the Ministry of Justice in Ukraine under # 357/3650 as of 7.06.1999 concerned artificial fish breeding aiming at improving fish productivity of fish water subjects which are seas with bays and estuaries of rivers that flow into the sea in the form of narrow sea bay with peculiar unstable hydro-chemical conditions, having transitional river-sea character, as well as lakes, bights, creeks, water reservoirs having constant or temporal connection with a river, marshy meadows or temporal water objects, and all tributaries in the scope of a river maximum flood state, some technical water reservoirs which are used (or can be used) for breeding and fishing of live water resources or are important for their reproduction.

Pool fishery is linked to hydrosole reproduction and breeding fish in artificial reservoirs. According to the specific features of production and biotechnological process as well as production requirements these farms are divided into:

Complete structure farms, with production of fry and marketable fish including all categories of reservoirs (spawning, fry, breeding, winter, service, quarantine, finishing, incubatory and live-fish reservoirs,);

Non-complete structure farms that can specialize in breeding – fry farms, or in marketable fish production – finishing farms.

The main index of fish farms efficiency is fish productivity that is the quantity of fish bred and fished out on 1 hectare of the pond area. This index reflects the sate of technology, production culture and management level. All ecological and economic indexes depend on this one. But the above-mentioned instruction does not pay attention to intense breeding technology for fry and marketable fish. Due to Instruction On Changes in the Order of the State Fishery Committee as of 15.01.2008 under #4 such terms as aestivating or fish seeding and two-year-old carp breeding in composite fish culture with other commercial fish breeds, selection and fish breeding, pond amelioration can be excluded from fish industry lexicon.

Quantity and quality of fish fry influences greatly the fish productivity and ecological and economic productivity. Fry larger in weight due to its better vital capacity guarantees better winter survival and, more efficient feeding and vegetation period, better weight for each marketable fish. There is a problem – How is it possible to grow fry annually in the same pond without a right to discharge water. There is massive loss of fish in the pond where there has not been catch and water discharge. Thus, there are new pathogenic agents. All this happens because of lack of knowledge among those people who regulate fishery.

It is necessary to find out new way of fighting diseases to get organic (ecologically clean) production of aquaculture.

The main reason for decrease in fish harvest is lack of farms turnover means what leads to pasture fish production technology. Another reason is privatization of sate fish farms that used to produce 90% of fish. The state still owns ponds (hydro-constructions) where fish is grown, the land under them and the water and offers to rent all these and pay for that. The land rent only is around 200-500 hryvnia for 1 hectare.

The second problem is pay the tax for using of water. It is 35 million Ukrainian Hryvnyas from annual pecuniary profits of Association of the fishing enterprises “Ukrribgosp”.

As a result the expenses and prime cost are increase but the profits are decrease.

The third problem is the proprietors of assets. Presently there are three owners: State enterprise “Ukrriba” (it is own hydroconstractions); labour collectives (it is own administrative buildings, automobiles, tractors, etc.); bodies of local self-management (it is own a teritory which situated under the water).

The conclusion and recommendations of how to raise the economic efficiency of the fishing enterprises are consist of. Firstly, it is reasonable to decrease the tax on the hydroconstractions to 5 per cent of their residual value for the lease gradually for raising additional funds. Secondly, it is necessary to tax relief the fishing enterprises called tax for for using of water because the water is sphere of dwelling of the fish. Thirdly, we are suggest to hand over the teritory which situated under the water to “Ukrriba” such as it is a state enterprise.

According to the results of the conducted research further development of aquaculture in Ukraine and increase in fish production need the following steps to be done:

To improve Instruction on Artificial Breeding, Growing up Live Water Resources # 4 as of 15.01.2008;

To optimize special forms of the first documentation for the aquaculture farms;

To introduce fish breeding statistics report for all leaseholder;

To pass the hydro-constructions on to the water users who could maintain their technical state and to create the Reconstruction Fund for pond that are destroying;

To stop shadow fish tread on markets and other places involving fish state administration, veterinary and sanitary service, state tax administration and police;

To establish paid consulting service for solving technological, economic and legal questions;

To grant the state of complete structure farm for those farm that have incubator with more than 20 million capacity, fish farming and finishing reservoirs and:

To solve the question of discount electrical energy tariffs for pumping water into ponds with 31,5 thousand hectares area as it is envisaged for pumping water into irrigation systems.

To develop all directions domestic exports for stimulation Ukrainian production of aquaculture (pic. 1).

Pic. 1. The dynamics export and import of Ukrainian production of aquaculture

From the scientific point of view the economic growth on the fishing enterprises is an integral part of events aimed at introducing the market-oriented economic relations. This reform should be carried out within realization of a strategic course towards the integration with the world economic area and adapting legislation of Ukraine according to the global economy requirements.