FINAL EXAM REVIEW Anatomy

  1. Nearsightedness is more properly called______.
  1. The ______contains receptors for hearing
  1. ______tract damage would probably affect your ability to taste and smell.
  1. The ______is the portion of the eye concerned with image formation
  1. The ______is the vascular light-absorbing tunic part of the eye
  1. The cortical region for hearing is the ______lobe.
  1. The ______is the muscular structure that manipulates the lens
  1. The ______controls the amount of light entering the eye
  1. Sensory impulses are transmitted over the facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves are involved in the sensation of ______.
  1. A Blood rich nutritive tunic that contains a dark pigment is the ______.
  1. Lack of one type of cone cell is called ______.
  1. Farsightedness is called ______.
  1. ______is a gradual clouding of the lens which happens with aging.
  1. ______is and increased in the pressure of the eye that comes from a blockage of the canal that drains the eye.
  1. The main function of the rod cell is vision is ______light.
  1. The externally visible fleshy part of the ear is the ______
  1. The region of the tongue with the greatest sensitivity to bitter tastes is the______.

(know all the regions)

  1. The optic nerve leaves and enters the eye at the ______.
  1. Pink eye is caused by a bacterial infection of the ______.
  1. The white of the eye is the ______
  1. Color receptors with in the retina are sensitive to what 3 wave length of visible light.
  1. Greatest visual acuity is found at the ______.
  1. ______is normal vision
  1. ______is another name for the eyelid
  1. Olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by substances in ______.
  1. The inflammatory response is considered the body’s ______line of defense.
  1. The most numerous type of phagocyte is the______.
  1. T cell mechanisms are classified as______immunity.
  1. The antibody normally constituting the highest percentage of antibodies in the blood is______.
  1. The antibody commonly found in tears and salvia is ______.
  1. The antibody associated with allergic reaction is ______.
  1. The type of immunity produced by a vaccination would be active ______immunity.
  2. ______is considered a nonspecific body defenses
  1. The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to local hyperemia caused by ______.
  1. The process whereby leukocytes pass through the wall of a capillary is called ______.
  1. Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the ______are T cells.
  1. ______antibody class is passed to the baby.
  1. ______immunity is controlled by two classes of lymphocytes called T and B cells.
  2. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) invades and kills ______cells first.
  1. The T cell that turns off the immune response is called a ______T cell.
  1. The T cell that directly attacks and lyses cellular pathogens is called a ______T cell.
  1. ______is the element is required for the synthesis of thyroxin.
  1. Over production of ______leads to abnormally large stature, normal proportions
  1. Over production of ______leads to tetany.
  1. Individuals with ______diabetes mellitus may often control their disease by diet and exercise
  1. Hypothyroidism in children may lead to ______.
  1. ______is the only hormone produced in significant amounts by the pineal gland and has to do with day and night cycles.
  1. ______acts antagonistically to insulin; it is produced by the same endocrine gland.
  1. ______helps to protect the body during long-term stressful situations such as extended illness and surgery.
  1. ______Cushion’s syndrome – moon face, depression of the immune system.
  1. ______Bulging eyeballs nervousness, increased pulse rate, weight loss, graves disease
  1. ______Demineralization of bones; spontaneous fractures
  1. Abnormal production of ______leads to tetanus.
  1. Abnormal production of ______leads to goiter.
  1. Normal development of the ______system is due in part to hormones produced by the thymus.
  1. The major target of growth hormone are ______and skeletal muscles.
  1. ______is involved in water balance, and caused the kidneys to conserve water.
  1. ______Increases uterine contractions during birth
  1. ______demineralizes bone and raises blood calcium levels.
  1. If anterior pituitary secretion is deficient in a growing child the child will become a ______but have fairly normal body proportion.
  1. Symptoms of ______mellitus include: poyphagia, polyuria, and hyperglycemia.
  1. A high salt diet and exercise would ______blood pressure.
  1. The arterial system that supplies the brain with blood is the ______system.
  1. Another word for high blood pressure is ______.
  1. If your heart is beating too slowly you are said to have ______.
  1. If your heart is beating too fast you are said to have ______.
  1. The type of Leukocytes that would increase rapidly during allergies and infections of parasitic worms are ______.
  1. Platelets are fragments of ______.
  1. The normal pH of the ______is about 7.4.
  1. ______results when the blood coagulates.
  1. ______is the respiratory pigment in RBCs that binds oxygen
  1. ______is the liquid portion of the blood.
  1. The veins that directly empty the capillary beds are called ______.
  1. Blood normally clots in ______min
  1. The carotid artery is located in the ______
  1. The erythrocyte count ______when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes.
  1. Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ______.
  1. Oxygenated blood is received by the ______.
  1. The myocardium receives its blood supply directly from ______arteries.
  1. 170/96 blood pressure readings would be indicative of ______.
  1. ______carry blood away to the heart.
  1. Epinephrine and increased Carbon dioxide would lead to a ______in heart rate.
  1. Making more red blood cells is called ______.
  1. ______means deficiency of blood.
  1. ______is pain in the arm or chest because of lack of blood flow.
  1. ______results when there is any decrease in oxygen-carrying ability of the blood.
  1. The ______ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to pump blood against greater resistance.
  1. Entrapping small particles, moistening and warming air are function of the mucus-covered ______passages.
  1. The ______prevents aspiration of the food into the lower respiratory passages
  1. The bulk of ______is carried as the ion HCO3 in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells.
  1. Labored breathing is termed ______.
  1. Carbon monoxide poisoning is lethal because carbon monoxide competes with______for binding sites
  1. Cutting the ______nerves will result in paralysis of the diaphragm.
  1. Following the removal of his ______, an individual would be unable to speak.
  1. The detergentlike molecule that keeps the alveoli from collapsing between breaths because it reduces the surface tension of the water film in the alveoli is called ______.
  1. 4800 ml would be considered a good ______.
  1. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ______.
  1. Most oxygen carried in the blood is chemically combined with heme in ______cells.
  1. ______has the greatest stimulating effect on the respiratory centers of the brain.
  1. Damage to the ______would result in cessation of breathing.
  1. Respiratory volume inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing is the:______volume.
  1. ______is the gas volume that allows gas exchange to go on continuously.
  1. ______prevents most inhaled dust particles from reaching the lungs.
  1. ______is normal breathing.
  1. The ______stores and concentrates bile.
  1. The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach is the ______sphincter
  1. Chemical digestion of protein is initiated in the ______.
  1. The main chemical activity of the mouth is to begin the digestion of ______.
  1. The site production of insulin is ______.
  1. ______are acted on by amylase, maltose, and sucrase.
  1. The vitamin associated with eye sight is _____.
  1. The vitamin associated with calcium absorption is ______.
  1. The products of alcohol digestion enter the bloodstream largely through cells lining ______.
  1. You have eaten a high complex carbohydrate meal. What enzyme will help you digest the meal?
  1. As the food in the stomach is repeatedly squeezed and mixed with gastric juice, it is converted into semifluid consistency called:
  1. ______causes severe epigastric pain; associated with prolonged storage of bile in the gallbladder.
  1. Of the simple sugars ______is most important because it is the sugar referred to as blood sugar.
  1. The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available body fuel is ______.
  1. The main chemical activity of the stomach is to start digestion of ______.
  1. The RDA for ______is 0.8g/ kg body weight.
  1. The acidic contents of the small intestine are buffered by HCO3 in ______juice.
  2. ______- is important in building myelin sheaths and cell membranes.
  1. ______is used to make the bulk of cell structure and functional substances such as enzymes.
  1. Most examples of these nutrients which are found largely in vegetables and fruits and used as coenzymes, these nutrients are ______.
  1. Those structures in the small intestine that increase its surface area and thus aid in the absorption of food are called ______.
  1. ______is the structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall.
  1. ______is the class of food significantly delays stomach emptying.
  1. ______are the folds in the stomach mucosa
  1. ______usually indicates liver problems or blockage of the biliary ducts
  1. The kidney’s process about 180 l of blood-derived fluids daily but only about 1 to 1.5 l actually ______the body as urine.
  1. The regulation of body ______concentration is considered a function of the kidneys.
  1. Body water content is greatest in ______. Least in ______.
  1. Water balance is regulated primarily by control of the amounts excreted in ______.
  1. The single most important electrolyte involved in determining fluid shifts and distribution of body water is ______.
  1. ______is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine.
  1. The three major ______wastes found in the blood which must be disposed of are urea, uric acid, and albumin.
  1. Chronic renal failure would ______specific gravity
  1. Extreme fluid intake would ______specific gravity
  1. The presence of ketones in the urine is called ______and is caused by bleeding in the urinary tract.
  1. The presence of albumin in the urine may indicate that the person is ______.
  1. ______is a condition in which voiding cannot be voluntarily controlled.
  1. Vegetarian rich diet will cause urine to become more ______
  1. Diabetes mellitus will cause urine to become more ______.
  1. ______is a condition in which excessive amount of urine are produced because of a deficiency of ADH.
  1. The ______is the sperm maturation site.
  1. A ______is a way of sterilizing males by cutting the vas defers.
  1. ______is a test designed to detect cancerous changes in the cervix.
  1. ______is the mouth of the uterus.
  1. The ______is where the egg is produced.
  1. Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ______the secretion of ADH.
  1. The ______is where egg fertilization occurs.

A:\REVIEW 12 BODY DEFENSES.doc