To Bond or Not To Bond

Online Computer Lab

Part I: Go to answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. Ions are ______charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain ______.

2. An Ionic bond is the ______of attraction between the oppositely charged ______.

3. Some atoms in an Ionic bond (such as metals) ______electrons and the other element (usually non-metal) must ______electrons.

4. Some atoms lose electrons to make the outside energy levels become more stable, the having the same structure as those of ______.

5. Look at the 2 pictures of Na+Al3+ and O2-Cl-. How many atoms of Cl- are needed to balance out 1 atom of Al3+? ______(Hint: You need equal charges for an ionic compound to be balanced.)

a. Click on Next (or page 2)

6. Most atoms, such as Sodium, Magnesium and Calcium become more stable when their outer most energy level has ______electrons.

a. What electrical charge will a Calcium ion have if it has 8 valence electrons? ______

b. Click on page 4

7. Draw the before and after picture of Sodium and Chlorine as Sodium loses and Chlorine gains an electron.Need to click on the animation to see before & after.

Before
(Sodium having an extra electron & Chlorine needing one) / After
(Sharingelectrons & forming a ionic bond to make salt)

b. Click on page 5

8. What is the chemical formula for Magnesium Oxide? Mg__O (Hint: Fill in the number after Mg)
How many Magnesium atoms are in Magnesium Oxide? ____ How many Chlorine atoms are in Calcium chloride? ___

c. Go to Read the top 2 paragraphs answer the following questions:

9. Most ionic compounds have much ______boiling and melting points than covalent compounds.

10. If you did not know that NaCl is an ionic compound, what are two characteristics of NaCl that would help

determine that it is, in fact, an ionic compound? ______solid Shape, soluble in ______and

conducts ______when dissolved in water.

d. Go to
Fill out the chart differences between ionic and covalent bonds:

Ionic compounds / Covalent Compounds
Definition (What is it?)
State at room temperature
Occurs between
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Example

e. Check your knowledge: Go to and take the Ionic Bond quiz. Answer the 10 quiz questions and record your score here. /10

Part II: Go to

a. Click on the Animation tab. Then click on “Step Through Option”. Then, click on “Covalent Bonds”

b. As you read, you will need to click “Play” and then “Continue” to go through the information.

  1. How does a covalent bond form?______
  2. How many electrons does Hydrogen share when bonding to another Hydrogen atom? ______
  3. What kind of covalent bond holds two Hydrogen atoms together? Single or Double (circle one)
  4. How many electrons are in Oxygen’s outermost shell? ______How many electrons does Oxygen need to be happy…(fulfill octet rule)? _____
  5. What kind of covalent bond holds two Oxygen atoms together? Single or Double (circle one)
  6. In the box below, draw the Bohr Modeland Structural formulaof the Oxygen Molecule (O2).

Bohr Model of Oxygen Molecule
(shows electrons, shells, nucleus) / StructuralFormula of Oxygen Molecule
(shows oxygen symbols and bonds represented as lines)
  1. How many electrons does Carbon need to fill it’s outer shell? ______
  2. How many covalent bonds does Carbon form with other atoms to fill its outer shell? _____
  3. What is the chemical formula for Methane? ______.
  4. In the box below, draw the Bohr Model of Methane and the Structural formula for Methane.

Bohr Model of Methane Molecule / Structural Formula of Methane Molecule
  1. What kinds of covalent bonds does a Nitrogen Molecule (N2) form? ______
  2. In the box below, draw the Bohr Model of N2 and the Structural Formula for N2

Bohr Model of Nitrogen Molecule / Structural Formula of Nitrogen Molecule

c. Now, click on “Options” and then “Ionic Bonds”. Click on “Play” and then “Continue” as you read along.

1. What is an Ion? ______.

2. Cation forms when an atom ______an electron and becomes ______. Anion forms when an atom ______electron(s)_

3. What happens when you mix salt and water? Ionic Bonds can be ______down in water. The partial charges of the water molecules are attracted to the full ______charges of the ______. When the solid dissolves, it breaks down into separate ______, each surrounded by a sphere of water.

d. Now, click on the top “Conclusion” tab. Read the entire conclusion.

1. What are the two main properties that influence how or whether bonds form between atoms?

The state of an atoms ______and the atom’s ______.

e. Now, click on the top “Quiz” tab. Read the entire conclusion. Write the correct answer for each question.

1.In which type of bond has an electron been donated from one atom to another?

2. When an atom loses an electron, it is called ______

3. If the electronegativity of an electron is high, when it forms bonds with atoms of lower electronegativity, what does it tend to do?