The Geography of North America, 2E (Hardwick)

The Geography of North America, 2e (Hardwick)

Chapter 17 Hawai'i and the Pacific Islands Chapter 18 The Far North

Chapter 19 The Future of North America

1) How many of the Hawaii'an Islands are formed from the tops of volcanoes?

A) 0B) 4C) 5D) 8

2) Hawai'i's temperature and precipitation ______.

A) Is constant, no matter the elevation or orientation of topography.

B) Varies dependent on orientation of topography only.

C) Varies dependent on elevation only.

D) Varies dependent on the elevation or orientation of topography.

3) Prior to the development of steam-powered ships, mariners relied on persistent winds, called ______, for long distance voyages.

A) Westerly WindsB) Mau Loa WindsC) Trade WindsD) El Niño Winds

4) What is the eastern slope of Mount Waialeale on Kauai known for being what?

A) The hottest place on Earth.B) The most popular tourist destination on Earth.

C) The rainiest place on Earth.D) The steepest inhabited slope on Earth.

5) The western slopes of the Hawaii'an Islands are much drier than the windward coasts because they lie in the

A) Squall zone.B) Trade wind.C) Rain shadow.D) Arid zone.

6) It is amazing that one can drive from the wet eastern slope of Mount Waialeale to less than 20 miles (32 k) at the town of Kaumakani which is what?

A) The rainiest place on Earth

B) Gets less rainfall per year than the deserts of Africa

C) Gets little more rainfall per year than the deserts of Arizona.

D) Is the driest place on Earth.

7) When northeasterly winds encounter the volcanoes of the Hawaii'an Islands, they generally deposit rain on what side of the islands?

A) South and east slopes.B) East and north slopes.

C) North and west slopes.D) West and South slopes.

E) All slopes get the same amount of rain.

8) ______refers to the mechanism of evolution in isolated areas that occurs in response to otherwise unfilled ecological niches.

A) Diversification energyB) Acclimation spread

C) Adaptive radiationD) Adjustive emission

9) Prior to the arrival of human beings, the flora and fauna on the Hawaii 'an Islands was similar to which of the following?

A) Similar to the Marshall Islands and the SamoaB) Similar to Australia, and New Zealand

C) Similar to MexicoD) Entirely unique

10) The only native mammal present in the Hawaii 'an Islands before man arrived was the

A) Grey Sand DuckB) The Hawaiian BatC) Black RatsD) Wild boars

11) The first humans on Hawaii likely came from ______in ______.

A) New Zealand/B.C. 60B) The Marquesas Islands/A.D. 400

C) Tahiti/A.D. 800D) Polynesia/A.D. 1300

12) By the early 20th century, considering the population and immigration policies of Hawai'i, which of the following best describes the population of Hawai'i?

A) Hawaii'ans still outnumbered Euro-Americans and Asians.

B) Euro-Americans outnumbered Asians and Hawaiians.

C) Asians outnumbered Hawaiians and Euro-Americans.

D) There were approximately equal numbers of Euro-Americans, Hawaii'ans, and Asians.

13) Pineapples, once an important crop of Hawaii, have experienced a massive decline in production that is similar to what happened to Hawaii's ______production.

A) PapayaB) Macadamia NutC) SugarD) Coffee

14) What is the name of the concept that refers to the degree to which consumption levels for various products vary with the overall strength of economy?

A) Demand varianceB) Elasticity of demand

C) Demand economicsD) Tourism elasticity

15) In the early 19th century, the owners of Hawaii 'an sugar plantations faced which of the major drawbacks?

A) The lack of water and shortage of labor.B) The lack of arable land and the lack of water.

C) The shortage of labor and the lack of useable land.D) Hostile native groups and the lack of water.

16) The 20th Century rise of tourism in the Hawaii 'an Islands by Americans from the mainland can be attributed most directly to which of the following?

A) The rapid rise of Hollywood and the movie industry, and the development of "talkies" or movies with sound that were more often filmed in exotic locales.

B) The increased use of steamships on the Pacific making many commercial products from the mainland available in Hawaii, allowing mainlanders a respite from rustic Hawaii.

C) The development of commercial aviation allowing mainland Americans to take a tropical vacation without leaving the safety and familiarity of the Unites States.

D) The embargo of Cuba, which was once a major tourist destination providing gambling, and entertainment for mainland Americans.

17) The city of Honolulu, the largest city in the state, is located on which of the Hawaii 'an Islands?

A) The Big IslandB) OahuC) MauiD) Kauai

18) Edie Aikau is well known, and considered a hero, in Hawaii as what?

A) One of the richest hotel owners and businessmen in Honolulu responsible for the current tourist trade.

B) The commander in charge of Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941.

C) The chief of the largest tribe when Europeans discovered Hawaii.

D) A surfing champion, legendary lifeguard, and peacemaker.

19) Molokai is known for the Kalaupapa colony, ______.

A) Which is a famous health resort set up by the Seventh Say Adventist church

B) Which is one of the last archaic native Hawaii 'an villages that teach the traditional way of life

C) Which was the spot where the first European colony settled

D) Which was a leper colony in the 19th and early 20th Century

20) Papahānhānaumokuākea Marine National Monument is ______.

A) Dedicated to the Hawaii'an Marines lost in the Pacific during WWII

B) One of Hawaii's most visited beaches on the Island of Honolulu

C) The single largest marine conservation area under the U.S. flag

D) Dedicated to the European explorer known as the "great circumnavigator" who discovered the Hawaii'an Islands, and is at the site of his death

21) Settlement in the Far North is ______.

A) ContinuousB) DiscontinuousC) SparseD) Concentrated

22) Permafrost is ______.

A) A surface snow layer that does not melt in the summer

B) A subsurface layer of soil and water that does not thaw

C) An Arctic weather pattern that does not get above freezing

D) A region where planting is not possible because of yearlong morning frost

23) The largest landform region in Canada is ______.

A) The Northwest PlatterB) The Canadian Shield

C) The Yukon TerritoryD) The North American Plate

24) Global climate change in the Far North is most acute in the ______.

A) SpringB) SummerC) AutumnD) Winter

25) Climate trends in the Far North have shown considerable warming, due to global climate change, during ______.

A) The past decadeB) The past three decades

C) The past nine decadesD) The past fifteen decades

26) Most scholars agree that the ancestors of todays Native Americans in Alaska, and the First Nations, aboriginals, and Inuit peoples in Canada likely ______.

A) Arrived by foot and boat via an ice bridge from Northern Europe and Iceland

B) Arrived by foot from Asia via the land bridge across the Bering Strait and later by boat from Asia

C) Arrived by foot across the land bridge ice from Asia and later by boat from Iceland

D) Arrived by boat from Asia, and later by foot via the arctic ice from Europe and Iceland

27) The lifestyles of the major native groups were as follows:

A) The Aleut and the Algonquins primarily hunters and inland fishers, while the Athabascans and the Inuit were predominately oriented to a marine lifestyle.

B) The Athabascans and the Algonquins were primarily hunters and inland fishers, while the Aleut and the Inuit were predominately oriented to a marine lifestyle.

C) The Inuit and the Aleut were primarily hunters and inland fishers, while the Athabascans and the Algonquins were predominately oriented to a marine lifestyle.

D) The Athabascans and the Inuit were primarily hunters and inland fishers, while the Aleut and the Algonquins were predominately oriented to a marine lifestyle.

28) The first native people moved to Greenland about ______during a warm climatic period.

A) 5000 years agoB) 10,000 years ago

C) 15,000 years agoD) 20,000 years ago

29) In 1999 Canada divided ______in two forming Nunavut.

A) The Yukon TerritoryB) The Northwest Territories

C) OntarioD) Quebec

30) This act created Canada's newest Territory of Nunavut in 1999.

A) The Canadian Native Treaties Act

B) The Northern Land Claims Agreement

C) The Northwestern Native Protection Act

D) The Baker Lake Claims Agreement

31) The sea route that was thought to have linked the Atlantic and Pacific oceans via the Arctic Ocean is called the ______.

A) The Arctic RouteB) The Nunavut Corridor

C) The Northwest PassageD) The Panama Canal

32) During the 19th Century, most of the Far North was controlled by the ______.

A) The Northwest CompanyB) The Baffin Bay Company

C) Couriers du boisD) The Hudson Bay Company

33) The European influence in the Far North ended for several centuries when ______.

A) Tribes from Asia wiped out or subsumed native tribes that had migrated from Iceland

B) Disease and native tribes destroyed or subsumed the Viking colony in Newfoundland

C) The Norse in Greenland were killed or subsumed by the indigenous peoples

D) The Norse in Iceland were destroyed by indigenous people from Greenland

34) As part of an effort for promoting the settlement of the Far North, during the Great Depression of the 1930s, the U.S. government paid ______.

A) The relocation expenses for hundreds of impoverished miners to explore the mountainous regions around Fairbanks for precious metals

B) The relocation expenses for hundreds of impoverished fishermen from Oregon and Washington to settle on the coast of Alaska and resettle abandoned communities, around Kotzebue, once owned by Russia

C) The relocation expenses for hundreds of impoverished lumberjacks, from Idaho and Montana, to settle the Alaskan and Canadian northern interior along the Yukon River as part of an economic improvement effort

D) The relocation expenses for hundreds of impoverished farmers from Minnesota and the Dakotas to settle in the Matanuska Valley in Alaska

35) In the mid 20th century, the ______was Canada's largest secondary sector industry.

A) Oil refining industryB) Pulp and paper industry

C) Textiles manufacturing industryD) Hydroelectric power industry

36) Two of the world’s largest ______deposits were found near Nain, Labrador; and near Sudbury, Ontario.

A) CoalB) CopperC) LeadD) NickelE) Iron Ore

37) The Canadian Shield is one of the most ______-rich areas on the Earth’s surface.

A) MineralB) FishC) LumberD) Fur

38) During the 1960s Sudbury, Ontario's prosperity was tempered by environmental problems. What was the problem?

A) Methyl isocynate released as a byproduct resulted in a massive fish and animal kills, and endangered human health.

B) Cyanide and heavy metals entering the biosphere made local crops toxic to humans.

C) Sulfur dioxide emissions killed much of the local vegetation creating a huge barren area.

D) Petroleum waste, and floating trash caused portions of Nephawin Lake to catch fire.

39) During the Cold War, the threat from the Soviet Union encouraged Americans and Canadians to establish military bases throughout Canada, Alaska and Greenland. This was called ______.

A) The DEW (Distant Early Warning) Line

B) The NAWAS (National Warning System)

C) The PEWS (Polar Early Warning System)

D) The WIDe (Worldwide Intelligence Defense) Line

40) During the Cold War, the Canadian and U.S. governments actively encouraged ______.

A) Local Inuit and other native people to join the military to staff the arctic military bases

B) Local Inuit and other native people to resume their traditional lifestyles and move from locations that was desired for secret military bases

C) Local Inuit and other native people to move to Greenland and abandon much of the arctic circles

D) Local Inuit and other native people to abandon their traditional lifestyles and move into permanent settlements and send their children to public schools

41) In 1814, Greenland formally became a territory of ______, though it regained partial independence in 2009.

A) SwedenB) DenmarkC) CanadaD) The United States

42) Which of the following is an example of invasive species in North America?

A) The Carolina parakeetB) Kudzu vine

C) The passenger pigeonD) The starlingE) Both B and D are invasive species

43) In the 1930s, the ratio of retirees to working people was about 1:30, whereas today it is about what?

A) 1:20B) 1:8C) 1:40D) 1:3

44) Where are many older Anglophone Canadians are moving to retire?

A) The Great Lakes, especially upper MichiganB) British Columbia, especially near Vancouver Island

C) QuebecD) California

45) The view that ethnic distinctions would disappear as the children and grandchildren of immigrants became integrated into American society is called what?

A) A melting potB) Cultural pluralismC) A monocultureD) Ethnic unification

46) Which of the following best describes the concept of cultural pluralism?

A) People of different ethnic backgrounds gradually become integrated into the dominant culture of a country

B) People of different ethnic backgrounds live peacefully together in towns and communities, but maintain their distinctive traditions and culture

C) Traditions of immigrants from different ethnic backgrounds become part of the dominant culture of a country

D) People of different ethnic backgrounds maintain their culture and traditions by living apart from others

47) The largest non-white racial group in the United States as of the 2010 census was what?

A) AsianB) Black or African American

C) hispanics or LatinoD) Mixed Race

48) Which of the following terms refers to the situation in which immigrant communities generally do not reside near one another, but rather are scattered across many urban and suburban neighborhoods?

A) Spatial proximityB) Heterolocalism

C) Spatter communitiesD) Monoculturalism

49) Communities, municipalities, or urban areas in a metropolitan area that are separated by rural territory from the principal urban area are known as ______.

A) The urban coreB) Suburban

C) ExurbanD) Growth cities

50) With the closing of the American frontier, a shift occurred in North America from ______.

A) An industrial based economy to an agricultural based economy

B) An agricultural based economy to a service based economy

C) An industrial based economy to a service based economy

D) An agricultural based economy to an industrial based economy

______

ANSWER 3 OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

USE 3-5 SENTENCES FOR EACH ANSWER

- How has retirement and the experience of older Americans changed over the course of the 20th century? How are these shifts likely to impact America in the 21st century?

- Give three examples of the factors that have allowed people in the late 20th centuries to stay connected with family and friends even when they don't live in spatial proximity.

- Compare and contrast the factors that influence the location of primary and secondary sector industries versus tertiary and quaternary sectors.

- Discuss how the concept of American Exceptionalism has influenced United States foreign policy. Contrast this with Canadian views on the concept.

- Explain what trade winds are and why they are called "trade" winds.

- Why did pineapple and sugar production in Hawai'i decline during the second half of the twentieth century?

- Why was the U.S. government interested in taking control of the Hawai'ian Islands?

- Explain the concept of the Northwest Passage. What is the potential impact of global warming in relation to this term?

- Both petroleum production and fishing are economically significant industries in Alaska. Compare and contrast the environmental impacts of these two industries.

- Define the concept of 'elasticity of demand' using an example from Hawai'i.