2011 Moon Pie Classic Round 7
Packet by Georgetown (Bruce Arthur), Illinois-Chicago (Rom Masrour), and editors
TOSSUPS
1. One character from this novel is expected to keep a potted plant alive solely by watering it with his tears. The father of the title character considers himself to be superior to a black professor solely because he is white, even though that father is nothing but ignorant and illiterate white trash who wants to keep his son from being literate, as well. The title figure and his companion have a serious adventures in spite of the fact that both are committing a crime in the process, and through a series of odd circumstances the main character’s best friend also engages in a similar offense only to reveal at the end that the crimes in question, aiding a fugitive slave, no long applies due to the death of Mrs. Watson. In this way Jim is declared to be free after Tom Sawyer helps him escape in, for 10 points, what 1885 sequel written by Mark Twain?
Answer: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
2. This value may be more conveniently regarded as a function of temperature and pressure instead of as a function of temperature and volume. In endothermic reactions, the change in this parameter is greater than zero; temperature falls under consequent adiabatic conditions, and heat enters a system with a transfer that at constant pressure is positive under isothermal conditions. In exothermic reactions, the change in this parameter is less than zero, resulting in a temperature rises under adiabatic conditions and heat exits with a transfer at constant pressure that is negative under isothtermal conditions. Through the chain rule, the exact differential of this parameter may be found by adding the differential of the internal energy of a system, the product of the pressure and the differential of the volume, as well as the product of the volume and the differential of the temperature. For 10 points, name this state function determined by adding the internal energy of a system to the product of pressure and volume, abbreviated H.
Answer: enthalpy
3. In 1952, this man quit his job as a federal prosecutor in Brooklyn to serve as a legal advisor to the Senate Committee of Joe McCarthy, and would later publish a book inspired by his service as legal advisor to the Senate Rackets Committee entitled The Enemy Within, which described corruption in labor unions. He defeated Kenneth Keating to win a Senate seat in New York, but would later attain a position of greater authority from which he used the testimony of Edward Partin to convict his most high-profile target, Teamsters leader Jimma Hoffa. For 10 points name this former Attorney General whose presidential campaign ended in 1968 when he was shot by Sirhan Sirhan , the younger brother of the thirty-fifth president.
Answer: Robert Francis Kennedy or Bobby Kennedy
4. This deity had an aspect named Aganippe, depicted as a black horse with wings, and Anion, a talking horse mentioned in the Iliad, is said to have been the offspring of this deity in this guise. This deity was called “Thesmophora” when associated with law and marriage, or with the preservation of traditional customs. When Pandareus stole Zeus’s golden dog out of the desire to avenge the murder of one of this deity’s lovers, he was given the gift of never suffering from a stomach ache or hunger pangs. Devoteés often left clay pigs as a gift to this goddess, who in one story bore Anion after being raped by Poseidon, and though she was angry with Zeus for killing her lover Iasion, she nevertheless bore him a girl who became queen of the underworld, making her the mother-in-law of Hades. For ten points, name this Greek goddess of grain and agriculture, the mother of Persephone.
Answer: Demeter
5. Modernist art was vilified for “subjectivism” and “psychologism” by members of this school of criticism. Before converting to this brand of literary criticism, one of its main advocates spoke out in favor of 19th-century realism in the Georg Hegel-influenced Theory of the Novel and The Historical Novel. Another prominent member of this school cited the folk ritual of a carnival temporarily degenerating into communal immorality to justify occasional periods of social upheaval in Rabelais and His World . A German follower of this theory wrote epic theatre historical plays about Swiss Cheese as well as a telescope practitioner. For 10 points, name this theory of literary criticism whose Western critics included Ernst Bloch and Theodor Adorno as well as the aforementioned Bertolt Brecht, Gyorgy Lukacs, Mikhail Bakhtin, a school influenced by the founder of communism.
Answer: Marxism [or Marxist criticism]
6. Properties in this geometric system conclude that two of its namesake lines perpendicular to the same namesake line are non-intersecting, that the sum of the measures of the angles in its namesake triangle is less than 180 degrees, that namesake triangles with the same angle sum have the same area, that similar namesake triangles are congruent, and that there is an upper bound for the area of one of these namesake triangles. Henri Poincaré modeled this form of geometry as the geometry of circles orthogonal to a fixed circle on the plane through the center of a sphere representing physical space. In Fundamental Concepts of Geometry, Bruce Meserve defines this form of geometry as “the subgeometry of real projective geometry that leaves the ideal conic invariant.” For 10 points, identify this branch of non-Euclidean planar geometry named for the central conic section with two distinct real ideal points, initially named by Apollonius.
Answer: hyperbolic plane geometry [DO NOT ACCEPT hyperbola.]
7. Plutarch reports that a man named Callicrates was granted immunity from taxes because he belonged to a family called the “machaeriones” [mock-ah-air-ee-own-aze] or “swordsmen”, whose name derives from the fact that their ancestor Anticrates killed this man with a sword in battle. He was a supporter of a colleague named Gorgidas, who formed an important military unit of which this man would take command when he himself was named “Boeotarch”, using them to implement his refused-right flank technique probably pioneered by his good friend Pelopidas at Tegyra to defeat the enemy under King Cleombrotus I. That victory came with the help of an élite unit made up of homosexual couples, the Sacred Band, and was the first of two victories over the Spartans. For 10 points name this Ancient Greek general who led his home town of Thebes to two major victories at Leuctra and Mantineia.
Answer: Epaminondas
8. The Whymper route can be used to climb one of the mountains in this country, which has both a province and a city named “Baños”, named for the hot springs that can be found there. Major ports in this country include Machala, a major center of banana transport, and Puerto Bolivar, both of which are located on a bay named for one of this country’s cities. Notable volcanoes in this country include Pichincha, famous as the site of a battle. The highest mountains in this country are Mount Chimborazo and Cotopaxi, a volcano. This country controls the Galapagos Islands, and its cities include Guayaquil. For ten points, name this South American nation with capital Quito, named for a famous line that runs through it.
Answer: Ecuador
9. Martin Scorsese has been leading the push to restore the cinematic version of this opera due to his fondness for the work of the production team known as The Archers. Its composer died before this opera was produced in 1881, so many different versions of it have been performed, but all center around a man who has unfortunate love affairs, singing about one in the aria “Ah, vivre deux”, another in the duet “”C’est un chanson d’amour”, and a third in “O Dieu de quelle ivresse”, all at the prompting of Nicklausse. Based on French libretto by Jules Barbier, the title figure is a Prussian composer, judge, painter, and writer whose alcoholism drives away his girl Stella in addition to his earlier losses of the robot girl Olympia, the courtesan Giulietta, and the invalid Antonia in Paris, Venice, and Athens, but takes consolation from the fact that he will become a better poet. Set in a Nuremberg tavern, for 10 points name this opera, the final and perhaps best known of Jacques Offenbach .
Answer: The Tales of Hoffmann [or Les Contes de Hoffmann]
10. Although the instruments are slightly sharp on the record, the opening solo consists essentially of the notes D-Dflat-C-B-G-Gflat-D-E repeated eight times, after which distortion and wah-wah should be lowered for the repeated line of E-G-Gflat-F played three octaves lower on the same instrument. It is speculated the guitars and bass were made sharp to match the special effect which opens the song, and after another solo consisting of G-E-Gflat-D-E-Gflat repeated for thirty seconds, the lyrics start. These describe five men whose “suffered wounds test their pride”, men who would kill “for a hill” but do not know why, men for whom at the “crack of dawn/all is gone/except the will to be”, men who have “gone insane/from the pain that they surely know”. Featuring a spectacular opening bass solo by Cliff Burton, for 10 points name this masterpiece, the third song on Metallica’s Ride the Lightning allegedly connected to a Hemingway novel.
Answer: “For Whom the Bell Tolls”
11. The 2010 Annual General Meeting of JASNA, the American society devoted to the works of its author, was devoted to this novel and was subtitled Mystery, Mayhem, and Muslin in Portland; it featured a breakout session in which scholars argued how the character John Thorpe may have persisted in his courtship of the heroine because of undiagnosed Asperger’s Syndrome or some other high-functioning autism. In this novel, The Castle of Wolfenbach and The Mysterious Warning by Eliza Parsons, Clermont by Regina Maria Roche, and The Orphan of the Rhine by Eleanor Sleath were recommended to the heroine of this novel, who already has a fondness for The Italian and The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliffe. Her imagination is fired by these works to imagine that General Tilney killed his first wife in the title estate, although she is far more certain of the love she feels for the general’s son Henry. For 10 points, name this 1818 novel centering around Catherine Moreland, a work by Jane Austen.
Answer: Northanger Abbey
12. This organ is unique in the digestive tract for its lack of a Muscularis mucosae. Its most notable activity is prompted when the hormone Cholecystokinin is released. While it is not the Pancreas, this organ was recently found to contain beta-cells, meaning that it can produce insulin. This organ is the starting point for the cystic duct, which later joins the ampulla of Vater. The sphincter of Oddi causes a certain substance to travel from this organ to the duodenum of the Small Intestines. However, humans can easily survive without this organ. For ten points, name this organ that stores bile.
Answer: Gall Bladder
13. In 1820 the nine-year rule of King Henry I Christophe was ended by President John Peter Boyer, who proclaimed a republic and ended the monarchy of this country. In the twentieth century, people suspected from being this nation were identified by their difficulties pronouncing the name of a plant and killed in the so-called Parsley Massacre. From 1959 to 1986 this nation was terrorized by an ostensible police force officially known as the Volunteer’s Militia for National Security known more popularly by the nickname inspired by a fabled bogeyman called “Uncle Bagman”, or Tonton Macoute, which was answerable only to first Francis and later John Claude Duvalier. For 10 points name this nation which became independent after a rebellion led in part by Toussaint L’Overture, a French-speaking country in the Caribbean whose capital is Port-au-Prince.
Answer: Haiti
14. This man was banned from teaching at the City College of New York because of a book in which he argued that marriage should begin at pregnancy and that contraception has made Victorian sexual norms obsolete. In another work, this man rejects the concepts of Sinn and Bedeuntug and proposed the idea of a “denoting phrase”. In addition to Marriage and Morals and On Denoting , this philosopher is famous for works such as one in which he critiques both belief in God and the defects in Christ’s morality and teachings, as well as another in which he delves into the fundamentals of mathematics. For 10 points name this British analytic philosopher, author of Why I Am Not a Christian and, with Alfred North Whitehead, Principia Mathematica.
Answer: Bertrand Russell
15. Under the auspices of a knighted physician and eighteen other translators, a definitive English translation of this work was initially published in 1717, among the team an author who had independently drawn on the fourteenth book of this work for his The Temple of Fame and provided the section about the nymph Dryope for the Samuel Garth translation. The modern Loeb Clasical Library translation is that of Frank Justus Miller, who unlike Garth et al. renders the dactylic hexameter of the original into prose. Its final book describes the meeting between Numa Pompilius and Pythagoras, who describes his many former lives and the way life emerges from lifelessness, and it also describes the apotheosis of Julius Caesar and the divine nature of Augustus, though such panegyrics were was not enough to prevent its author from being exiled to Tomis on the Black Sea. For 10 points name this work describing the transformations of various mythological figures, a work by Publius Ovidius Naso, or Ovid.
Answer: Metamorphoses (accept The Changing of Shapes or The Transformations before that word is read)