HIST 282/JWST 234: History of the Jewish People I

HIST 282/JWST 234: History of the Jewish People I

Midterm Review

1. Some Dates

BCE

Biblical/“First Temple” Period

ca1200Merneptah Stele: First attestation of “Israel” outside Bible

ca 1000Traditional date for kingdom of David

922Death of Solomon (David’s son), split into two kingdoms: Israel (northern areas) and Judah (southern areas)

722Defeat of northern kingdom (Israel) by the Assyrians

586Destruction of Jerusalem Temple by the Babylonians (according to Jeremiah and 2 Kings expulsions of Judaeans begins in 597)

“Second Temple” Period

539? Proclamation of Cyrus, King of Persia, after his conquest of Babylonia

ca 515Temple rebuilt

458? Ezra

445Nehemiah (by ca 400 Bagoas is governor)

We know very little about this period between Nehemiah and Alexander

336–23 CampaignsAlexander the great [Defeat of Darius at Issus 333]

323–c200Palestine under Ptolemaic (Egyptian) rule

c200–142Palestine under Seleucid (Syrian) rule

ca. 170 “Reform” attempt in Jerusalem

167Hasmonean (Maccabean) revolt

164 Rededication of the Temple

152Jonathan: First Hasmonaean High Priest

142Expulsion of Seleucid garrison by Simon; “independence” of Judaea

104/3?Aristoboulos I (Acc to Josephus:) first to take the title King

103–76Alexander Jannaeus (Yannai); succeeded by wife, Salome

67Death of Salome; dispute between sons Hyrcanus and Aristobulus; both appeal to Roman support

63Arrival of Pompey

37Herod allowed by the Senate to become King of Judaea (if he can help fight off the invading Persians)

4Death of Herod. His territories divided between his sons.

CE

44All of Herod’s kingdom under direct Roman Rule [Eastern Galilee and the Golan and parts further east assigned to Agrippa II in ca. 53 CE who dies end of century]

66–70Revolt of Judaea against Rome; Temple destroyed 70; fall of Massada 74.

115–117Revolts in Diaspora: Egypt, Cyrene, Cyprus

132–135Revolt in Judaea by Simeon bar Kosiba (Bar Kokhba, “son of a star”)

2. Some important terms, persons, events

Antiochus IV

Assyrians

Babylonians

Bar Kokhba (Bar Kosiba)

Canonization

Claudius

Cyprus

Cyrene

Cyrus

Daniel

David

Dead Sea Scrolls/Qumran

Diaspora

Documentary Hypothesis
(J, E, D, P)

Essenes

Ezra

Hasmonaeans

Hellenization

Herod

Inner-Biblical commentary

Israel

Jason

Jeremiah

Jeremiah

Jeroboam

Jerusalem

Josephus

Judah/Judea/Jew

Kuntillet Ajrud

Maccabee (esp. Judah)

Menelaus

Nehemiah

Onias (Oniads)

Pesher

Pharisees

Philo

Ptolemies

Rehoboam

Religion of the Bible:
Calendar, Purity, Temple
vs. Religion of Israel?

Revolts (against Seleucids, against Romans; Palestine and Diaspora)

Romans

Saducees

Saul

Sectarianism

Seleucids

Sicarii

Solomon

TaNaKh (and components)

Temple

Torah

Zealots

Zerubbabel

HIST282/JWST234

Course Study Guide: Part II of Course, Late Antique and Medieval

Some Dates (all CE)

66–70Judaean revolt against Rome (final operations, e.g., Masada, extend to ca. 74)

115–117Revolt of Jews in Egypt, Cyrene, Cyprus; and Jewish anti-Roman violence in Mesopotamia in response to Roman invasian.

132–135Bar Kokhba (Bar Kosiba) revolt in Palestine

ca. 200Mishnah

224–642Sasanian Empire

304–337Constantine, Roman emperor. Milvian Bridge 312; conquest of the eastern (and consequently entire) Empire 324

ca. 400(?)Palestinian Talmud

354–430St. Augustine—important for articulating the place of Jews in Christian society

5th–7thPalestinian “aggadic” texts

6th–7th?Babylonian Talmud

527–565Justinian emperor of Eastern (but expanded) empire.

571–632Muhammad. Hijra 622.

632–Islamic conquests in Roman and Persian empires (Jerusalem, 637)

660–750Umayyad Caliphate

749–1258Abbasid Caliphate

756–1031Umayyad Caliphate in Spain

7th–1035“Period of Geonim” (1035 is the date of the death of Hai Gaon)

1095First crusade called. Violence against Jews, 1096

1215 Fourth Lateran Council

1242Burning of Talmud

1290Expulsion of Jews from England

1297, 1306 Expulsion of Jews from France

1348–49Black Death

1492Expusion of Jews from Spain

1497Expulsion of Jews from Portugal

Some Terms, Concepts, and Persons
NB: NOT EXCLUSIVE

Aggadah

Amoraim/Amoraic

Babylonia/Palestine

Baghdad

Baraita

Bar Kokhba/Kosiba

Blood Libel

Burning of Talmud

Charters

Constantine

Conversos

Crusades

Deuterosis

Dhimmi

Doctrine of Witness (Augustine)

Exilarch/Resh Galuta

Gaon

Hadith

Halachah

Haside Ashkenaz (German Pietists)

Host Desecration

Imperial Roman legislation

Jesus

Judah the Patriarch (nasi)

Khalifa (Caliph)

Karaites

IV Lateran Council

Liturgy:
Shema‘
‘Amidah

Maimonides
Code of Law
Guide to the Perplexed
Maimonidean controversy

Martyrdom (Jewish)

Midrash

Masada

Mishnah

Moneylending

Moses de Leon

Nagid

Pact of ‘Umar

Paul (the Apostle)

Patriarch (Nasi’)

Piyyut

Philosophy (Jewish)

Qabbalah

Qur’an

Rabbis

Rabbanites

Rashi

Roman empire

Saadiah Gaon

Samuel ibn Naghrela the nagid (and Joseph, his son, d. 1066)

Sasanian empire

Sepharad/Ashkenaz

Servi camerae

Sicarii/Zealots

Sura/Pumbeditah

Synagogue

Talmud

Tannaim/Tannaitic

Tosafot

Tosefta

Trade

Yiddish

Zohar