NEWTON LAWS OF MOTION
CHAPTE 14
STUDY GUIDE
NOM: ______
DATE: ______
Lesson 1: Newton’s first law (F6)
Force: A pull or a push.
Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of motion.
Friction: A force that acts against moving objects or a force that slows down objects.
Speed: How fast the position of an object is changing with time at any moment.
Velocity: The speed of an object taken together with its direction.
Acceleration: A change in velocity.
Deceleration is a special case of acceleration.
Newton’s first law of motion: Objects at rest remain at rest and objects traveling at a steady rate in a straight line continue that way until a force acts on them.
Lesson 2: Newton’s second and third laws (F16)
There are 2 factors that affect acceleration: Force and mass.
When we increase the force on an object the acceleration increases.
But when we increase the mass of an object the acceleration decreases.
Formula: A = F ÷ M (Acceleration equal the force divided by the mass)
Balanced forces: When all the forces on an object cancel one another out, the forces are said to be balanced forces.
Unbalanced forces: When a certain force is either only partially canceled or not canceled at all by other forces, the force is said to be unbalanced.
Newton’s second law of motion: When an unbalanced force acts on an object, the object’s acceleration equals the force divided by the object’s mass.
Action: When one object applies a force to a second object, we call this force the action.
Reaction: The force the second object returns to the first is called the reaction.
Work: Using force to move an object.
Lesson 3: Newton’s law of Gravitation(F32)
Air offers resistance to the motion of objects through it.
In space, there is no air so if I drop a feather and a ball at the same time from the same height they will reach the ground at the same time, but on earth because of air resistance the ball will reach the ground first.
Objects fall because of gravity.
Gravity: An attraction between the mass of the Earth and the mass of the object.
Objects with a large mass are pulled on by gravity with more force, but they also have more inertia. This extra resistance offsets the greater pull of gravity on them. Therefore, objects with greater mass fall with the same acceleration as less massive objects.
Weight: The force of gravity on any object.
The speed of a falling object increases by 9.8 m/s each second.
Newton’s law of universal gravitation: The force of gravity between two objects increases with the mass of the objects and decreases with the distance between them squared.
This law is called universal because it applies to any objects.