Chapter 19-20 Notes-Part 1: Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

  • Industrial Revolution (IR) began in the 1780’s
  • Factors contributing to make Great Britain the starting place:
  • ______
  • ______
  • Ready supply of capital ($$$) to invest in new machines
  • ______
  • Variety of markets (buyers)

Changes in Cotton Production

  • Cotton goods production BEFORE IR:
  • Spun cotton into thread and then wove thread into cloth
  • Cotton goods production AFTER IR:
  • “Flying Shuttle”: made production of cloth faster
  • “Spinning Jenny”: made production of thread faster
  • Water powered loom brought workers to the factories (which were powered by a water source)
  • Improvements in steam engine enabled engine to drive machinery
  • ______
  • 1760 imported 2.5 million lbs. of raw cotton – 1840 imported 366 million lbs. of raw cotton
  • Cotton cloth becomes Britain’s most valuable product – sold everywhere

Coal & Iron Industries

  • Success of the (1)______increased the (2)______
  • Led to the (3)______
  • New processes using coal led to the (4)______
  • 17,000 tons of iron/yr.  70,000 tons of iron/yr.
  • By 1852, they had produced almost 3 million tons of iron
  • Used to build new machinery and transportation

Railroads

  • Railroads were important to the success of the IR
  • 1804: 1st steam locomotive (pulled 10 tons & 10 people @ 5mph)
  • ______
  • ______
  • “The Rocket:” 1st public railway, opened in 1830, 16mph, 32 mile track
  • By 1850’s speeds reached 50mph

New Factories

  • ______(working 24-7 to keep up high production levels)
  • Most workers were not used to the work schedule
  • Owners had to enforce strict rules and punishments

Spread of Industrialization

  • Europe
  • Most governments encouraged the development of industrialization
  • Provided funds to build roads, canals, and railroads
  • By the 1850’s a network of railways had been setup throughout all of Europe
  • North America
  • Population growth (5 to 30 million)
  • Urban growth
  • By the 1850’s only ½ of American workers were farmers
  • Desperately need transportation system
  • Robert Fulton: 1st paddle-wheel steamboat (the Clermont) – allowed travel along the Mississippi River

Spread of Industrialization in North America

  • Development of Railroad system
  • 1830: 100 miles of track
  • 1860: 30,000 miles of track
  • ______
  • Development of factories
  • Most workers came from farms and most were women
  • Sometimes entire families would be employed at a factory

Social Impact in Europe

  • Growth of Population & Cities
  • By 1850, the European population had almost doubled to 266 million
  • Why such an increase in population?
  • ______
  • ______
  • ______

Social Impact in Europe

  • Why such an increase in the # of cities? = increase in # of factories
  • With the steam engine, factories didn’t need a water supply as a power source
  • People moved to cities to find work – using the railroad to travel to the city
  • Largest City: London, Great Britain (nearly 1 million)
  • ______
  • ______= filth, disease, few services (urban life span average 17, rural 38)

The Industrial Middle Class

  • Industrial Capitalism: ______
  • Produced a new middle class group – the industrial middle class
  • This group:
  • Built the factories, bought the machines, and figured out where the markets were
  • Qualities ranged from vision to greed

Industrial Working Class

  • This class of people faced:
  • ______
  • Mills were dirty and dangerous
  • Mines always had cave-ins, explosions, and gas fumes; cramped conditions & constant dampness led to deformities and ruined lungs
  • ______(12-16 hrs./day; 6 days a week)
  • ______
  • ______
  • Women & Child Labor made up 2/3 of the cotton industry’s workforce
  • Factory Act of 1833 set minimum age at 9
  • Families were used to working together, hence, why women & children took up a large # of jobs
  • In the IR, men are expected to earn the most for the family

Early Socialism

  • Socialism: ______
  • Isn’t very successful