Name______Date______Biology 512Ms. Chen

Review Sheet for Test on Macromolecules and Enzymes

Chemistry/Macromolecules

1)pH scale

  1. What does pH measure?
  2. What pH values are acidic? Basic? Neutral?

2)Inorganic vs Organic molecules

3)Monomers vs polymers

4)Dehydration synthesis vs hydrolysis

5)Carbohydrates:

  1. What elements are carbohydrates composed of?
  2. What is the general function of carbohydrates?
  3. What foods from your diet is a good source of carbohydrates?
  4. What are the monomers that build carbohydrates? Be able to identify it on a diagram.
  5. Simple vs complex carbohydrates
  6. Foods rich in simple carbohydrates? Foods rich in complex carbohydrates?
  7. Examples of monosaccharides : glucose, galactose, fructose
  8. Examples of disaccharides: sucrose, lactose, maltose
  9. What two monosaccharides make up the disaccharides from above?
  10. Examples of polysaccharides: cellulose, starch, glycogen.
  11. What is the function of each polysaccharide above?

6)Proteins:

  1. What elements are proteins composed of?
  2. What are several functions of proteins?
  3. What foods from your diet is a good source of proteins?
  4. What are the monomers that build proteins?

7)Lipids

  1. What elements are lipids composed of?
  2. What are several functions of lipids?
  3. What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
  4. What foods are high in saturated fats?
  5. What foods are high in unsaturated fats?

8)Nucleic Acids

  1. What elements are nucleic acids composed of?
  2. What is the function of nucleic acids?
  3. What are 2 examples of nucleic acids?
  4. What are the monomers that build nucleic acids?

Enzymes

1)What is the function of enzymes?

2)What are enzymes made of?

3)What is a substrate?

4)What is the active site?

5)Most enzymes have this suffix?

6)Lock and key model vs Induced fit model

7)What substrates do the following groups of enzymes act upon: protease, lipase, amylase, nuclease?

8)What is the effect of temperature on enzyme rate?

9)What is the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme rate?

10)What is the effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme rate?

11)What is the effect of pH on enzyme rate?

12)What are cofactors? Function of cofactors? Give an example.

13)What are coenzymes? Function of coenzymes? Give an example.

14)Properties of enzymes:

  1. Made of proteins
  2. Very specific shape – can only bind to a certain substrate. Lactase will break down lactose but not sucrose
  3. Reusable – they are not used up in the chemical reaction

Labs

1)Action of indicators and pH – know how the following indicators work. What do they test for? How do they test for it?

  1. Blue litmus paper
  2. Red litmus paper
  3. pHydrion paper
  4. Phenolphthalein
  5. Bromthymol blue (BTB)

2)Nutrient testing lab – know how the following indicators work. What do they test for? How do they test for it?

  1. Lugol’s iodine
  2. Benedict’s solution
  3. Biuret
  4. Brown paper

3)Enzyme lab 1 with the pennies and hands – effect of temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration on enzyme rate.

4)Enzyme lab 2 with the potato and S-tube – effect of temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration on enzyme rate.

5)Banana lab – starch and sugar content between un-ripened and ripened banana

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