SYNOPSYS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT
FOR
DISSERTATION
Mrs. SREELEKSHMI.S.A
FIRST YEAR M.SC (NURSING)
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGIC NURSING
YEAR 2011-2013
INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE OF NURSING
BANGALORE – 560 043
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
SYNOPSYS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT
FOR
DISSERTATION
1. / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRES / Mrs. SREELEKSHMI S.A1STYEAR MSc. (NURSING)
INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE OF NURSING,
HENNUR CROSS, BANGALORE – 560 043
2. / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / INDIAN ACADEMY COLLEGE OF NURSING, BANGALORE-560043
3. / COURSE OF THE STUDY AND SUBJECT / 1ST YEAR M.Sc (NURSING),OBSTETRICS AND
GYNAECOLOGICAL NURSING
4. / DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE COURSE / 28\10\2011
5. / TITLE OF THE STUDY / “A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING TEMPERORY FAMILY PLANNING METHODS AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS IN SELECTED MATERNITY CENTRES BANGALORE.”
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
INTRODUCTION
“We all worry about the population explosion, but we don’t worry about it at the right time” -Arthur Hoppe
The words birth control, contraception and family planning are often used interchangeably and although they are not identical in meaning .the term birth control refers to regulation of the number of children that are conceived or born. Contraception reefers to the prevention of pregnancy, which is accomplished by specific contraceptive or birth control methods. Family planning has the broadest connotation.1
Family planning means having only the number of children you want and only when want to have them. In spite of availability of a wide range of contraceptive and mass media information and education, the population control remains a distant dream to achieve .Because many women had never tried contraception because they had fear of side effects and religion beliefs.1
Indian was the first country in the world to implement national family program in 1952. Since then its name has changed to family welfare program and lastly to the present reproductive and child health program. This change was made particularly to emphasize more and also to increase the acceptance of contraceptive methods by reproductive aged group people .2
The red triangle indicates family planning products and services in India.
It was invented by Deep Tyagi , and Indian family planning official and activist in the 1960s. An inverted red triangle is the symbol for family planning health and contraception services, much as the Red Cross is a symbol for medical services.
As more people choose family planning, fertility falls and population growth slows. Although fertility has been fallen throughout the world, further declines would make a crucial difference in many developing countries. India adds about 10 Lakh persons to its populations every fortnight.3
Slower population growth helps protect the environment. It conserves resources, preserves clean air and water, improves help, eases pressures on cities and helps avoid conflict. Slowing population growth buys time for a country to invest in development. As population growth slows, a country can better provide jobs and schooling. As productivity, savings and investment rise, so can living standards. Slowing population growth helps countries achieves economic development also. Now support family planning programs avoid future population.2
Family planning is recognized as a basic human right. All couple and individuals have a basic human right to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children and to have the information, education and means to do so. The modern concept of family planning, not synonymous with birth control.2
Family planning allows women and unintended pregnancies, space pregnancies and plans their family size. Contraception is at the heart of basic family planning. Family planning has been and remains the basis of population policy in India irrespective of whether the emphasis has been on the reduction in birth rate on improving the health, especially of women and children2.
Family planning is an important factor in fertility reduction. Rapid population growth is a critical issue in most developing countries. Family planning matters save women’s lives, preventing un intended pregnancies, slower population growth, conserve resources, improves health and living standards.3
Family planning is very necessary in communities where the birth rate is high and medical services and financial resources are poor .Infant mortality rate is high because the parents cannot give topper care to the children to their limited resources.3
The ministry of Health and Family Welfare at the central and states play an important role in the governmental effort in the delivery of health and family welfare services to people in the country. One of the important department is department of family welfare which concentrates on family welfare programs as planned and directed by the Central Government1.
Now a day’s family planning services are more available. Health authorities or trusts run family planning clinics in most areas, often in premises away from hospital sites, providing ease of access for the client. Clinics may also provide a wide range of services including psychosexual and genetic counseling and well women sessions. Some health authorities provide domiciliary family planning services that can be used by clients who, for variety of reasons such as physical disability, learning or language difficulties or cultural considerations are unable to access conventional services. With all this efforts made by health professionals. The birth rate is increasing, the population is increasing and the use of family planning by the couple is not increasing.1
In India there are generally two types of temporary birth control options: barrier and hormonal. Hormonal contraceptives are typically pills, injectables, implants, patches, and vaginal rings. Barrier contraceptives are generally products that prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from the uterus. While some of them can be used alone, others are more effective when used with spermicides which are foams, jellies, tablets, or vaginal suppositories containing chemicals that kill sperm. Some of the most common barrier contraceptive products include condoms, cervical caps, diaphragms, and IUDs3.
A method which is quite suitable for one group may be unsuitable for another because of different cultural patterns, religious beliefs and socio – economic milieu. A full range of family planning methods includes male and female condoms, barrier methods, oral contraceptives, implants, injectables, intra uterine devices, female sterilization and emergency contraceptive. 1.
The success of any family planning method depends not only on its effectiveness in preventing pregnancy but on the rate of continuation of its proper use. Consistent and correct use of modern methods of contraception can prevent mistimed or unwanted pregnancies.4
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY
India has one of the largest populations in the world. The higher fertility in India is attributed to the universality of marriage, low level of literacy, limited use of contraceptives and traditional way of life. Population explosion is found to be main reason for shortage of resources and neutralization of impact of progress made in various developmental sectors 5.
Population growth has been viewed as the greatest obstacle to the economic and social development of the people. It is there very important to control and stabilize the population. Family planning and birth control is one of the most, desirable solution for controlling population growth. So contraception is basic tool to attain small family norm.6
Indian Information
India's 2001 census puts the country's population at 1.028 billion. India is estimated to increase its population by about 18 million every year - the size of Australia. India's population will grow to 1.53 billion by 2050. This will make India the most populated nation by then, overtaking China with its projected population of 1.39 billion by 2050.7
Some Facts:
Ø 51% of India's population is in the reproductive age-group.
Ø 157 million more people will be added by 2016.
Ø About 42 percent of population increase is contributed by births beyond two children per family
Ø 188 million couples require family planning coverage.
Ø Study on emergency contraception stated that about 15,000-20,000 women die from complications arising from illegal abortion every year in India. Proper education, motivation and counseling for family planning methods is the best way to prevent these compilations. A woman should prefer to prevent unwanted pregnancy rather than having an abortion.
Ø Data from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)–2 indicate that nearly one-half of currently married women were using some method of contraception in 2009-2010.
Ø Family planning prevalence increased with age except at the older ages (8 per cent among adolescent girls vs. 67 per cent among women aged 35–39 years), with education (43 per cent among illiterate women vs. 57 per cent among women with a high school education), with standard of living (40 per cent among women from households with a low standard of living index vs. 61 per cent among women from households with a high standard of living index), and with number of living children (5 per cent among women with no living children vs. 68 per cent among women with three living children) (IIPS and ORC Macro 2008).9
Ø Family planning prevalence varied widely among the states, from less than 30 per cent in Meghalaya, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh to more than 60 per cent in Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Kerala.
Vast numbers of people cannot avail the services even when they are available due to problems of knowledge and access. Special efforts are needed to improve this particularly in underserved areas.
Worldwide Information
The family planning programs carried out in many developing countries from the 1950s through the 1980s represent one of the important social experiments of the post–World War II period, but the details of their operations, their commonalities, and their differences have been insufficiently archived given the programs’ day-today pressures and the large numbers of people involved. This volume helps fill this gap with much useful information and informed analysis.10
According to theCouncil on Foreign Relations’ recent report,“Family Planningand U.S. Foreign Policy,”meeting the unmet need for family planning would result in a 32 percent decrease in maternal deaths, reduce abortion in developing countries by 70 percent, and reduce infant mortality by 10 percent. However, the reproductive health needs of many women in developing countries remain unmet.9
In sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, only 17 percent of married women are using family planning methods, as against 50 per cent in North Africa and the Middle East, 39 per cent in South Asia, 76 per cent in East Asia and the Pacific and 68 per cent in Latin America and the Caribbean. Only in a few countries, such as South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Kenya, have family planning programs been successful enough to increase contraceptive use to much higher levels.9
Poverty, under development and over population harm the health of 1000 million people throughout world. There are very other factors which may influence the practice of family planning by the couple. These factors may include norms of family size, desire for male child and the main reason behind is the lack of knowledge regarding different methods and its wage.12
Family planning favorably influences the health development and well being of the family. So people must be encouraged to plan their families. Specially to accomplish the small family norm and maintain health of mothers as well as child, primigravida mothers should develop awareness regarding spacing methods or use of contraceptive methods 4.
In Karnataka, contraceptive prevalence is slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Karnataka 7 percentage of users of modern contraceptives who were motivated by someone to us their method were told about any other method. In rural areas, acceptance of contraception increased as age of woman increased.4
An effective strategy against this could be primary health care and its one important element is maternal and child health including family planning. Some of the questions planners and policy makers are asking are “Why is the acceptance of family planning so low”. The explanation for the low acceptance of family planning is to lack of knowledge. So it becomes obligatory to assess knowledge of mothers with the view to determine their educational need, so that appropriate awareness can be given so that effective usage of temporary family planning can be encouraged.7
The researcher is interested to do their study because the awareness regarding using of family planning method is still less among the people and the investigator wants the people to be aware of the advantages of small family norms which can be beneficial for the family and community to build a healthy nation in terms of education, employment, lack of scarcity of resources, poverty6.
\
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A Review of literature relevant to the present study aimed at identifying a broad overview of the studies done in the field of knowledge and practice of contraceptive methods with the objective of widening the perspective of the study and gaining insight into the problem selected for the study6.
For the present study the review of literature is organized under the following headings.
1 Literature related to knowledge of temporary family planning among primigravida mothers.
2 Literature related to practice of temporary family planning methods.
3 Literature related to the effectiveness of educational programme on temporary family planning
I. Literature related to knowledge of temporary family planning among primigravida mothers.
D.D. Naik, (2008) Conducted a study to assess the family planning knowledge, attitude and practices of men in rural Maharashtra. Three thousand and seventy-two married men from a tribal Primary Health Centre (PHC) area in Thane district of Maharashtra State, India were surveyed with special emphasis on investigating the reasons for not accepting male methods. The majority of them not only had no concept of family spacing, but had not even taken any initiative to improve their knowledge or acceptance of condom/vasectomy. Men who were aware of contraceptive methods had little knowledge of their correct use. Of the men, 53.7% had positive views about their role in family planning while 66.2% of men stressed the need to improve the acceptance of male methods by providing knowledge and information through sources such as radio, television, door-to-door campaigning and interpersonal communications. Thirty per cent emphasized the need to improve the availability and quality of services. This study indicates a pressing need for effective intervention strategies, both at the community and the clinic level, backed with efficient counselling, motivation and provision of services in rural and remote areas.14
Richard J. Fehring, (2008) conducted a study to assess the knowledge of mothers regarding family-planning methods for child spacing. The purpose of this study was to describe and assess the knowledge and promotion of two modalities for child spacing, natural family-planning (NFP) and the locational amenorrhea method (LAM).One thousand two hundred mothers were randomly selected from a national membership list and mailed a 24-item questionnaire on NFP and LAM.Respondents had an average age of 46 years. In this 88% of the mothers are using locational amenorrhea method (LAM). And 22% of them were using NFP as a family-planning option for child spacing.15