Boyceville, WI
Science Olympiad Invitational
Dec. 3, 2016 /
Team Name, Team #, Competitor Names Go on Next Page – Write them there now
Do NOT look at samples or start answering until you are directed to do so.
Questions are on the station sheets with the samples.
All answers are to be written on the answer pages in this packet, in the correct space/blank (there are cues on the answer sheet that go with the station questions). If we can’t easily read or understand what you write, it will be counted as incorrect
If you separate the pages – write your team name, team # and competitor names at the top of each page. Reassemble them in correct order when time is up.
You may pick up the samples – treat them gently. Do NOT lick or taste any sample.
Tools at some stations in cups – test but don’t abuse samples. You always have your finger nail.
Do not write on or attempt to change any labels on the samples – DQ your team
Leave everything as you found it at the station when you leave for next.
Timed stations – May not go back to stations.
*Tie-Breaker questions are marked with * (asterisk). They will not be scored as part of the test, but will be used in the case of ties.
Rocks and Minerals Boyceville Science Olympiad Invite – Dec. 3, 2016
School: ______Team Name ______Team #______
Competitor Names: ______
Use this sheet for all of your answers. Do not write on the station sheets. There are 98 points possible.
Tie-breaker questions are indicated by an asterisk (*).
1. sedimentary structure ______
water motion:
how you can tell:
2. Name Composition
A - ______
B - ______
How you can tell them apart:
General name of mineral property: ______
Optical property of sample B : ______
3. (give letter and rock name, in order of metamorphic grade ):
______
Lowest grade ------à Highest Grade
Shared metamorphic texture: ______
*Explain cause of the texture:
4. Mineral names (give Letter and name):
______
What they have in common: ______
5. Sample not belonging letter and name: ______
Explain why:
6. give sample letter and name in order (highest to lowest):
______
Highest energy ------à Lowest energy
Explain how you determined the order:
7. Provide Letter and Name
______
Location X Location Y Location Z
8. only the igneous rocks, in order from nearest surface to deepest:
Letter / NameOn or near earth surface
Deepest in crust
9.
metamorphic samplesletter - name / possible parent rock sample(s) letter(s) – name(s)
à
à
Texture term for the metamorphic rocks: ______
10. Letter and Name of igneous rocks, in order
Most Mafic ------à Most Felsic
Intrusive: ______
Extrusive equiv: ______
11. mineral name: ______, mineral class: ______
metamorphic grade: ______
*Explain how can tell metamorphic grade:
12. specific gravity of A = ______show math here:
Sample A Name ______A compositon: ______
Sample B Name ______B compositon: ______
13.
A
B
*Product of reaction with acid: ______
14. Letter Mineral Name
Last to form ______(lowest crystallization temp.)
______
______
______
First to form ______(highest crystallization temp.)
Crystallization sequence is named after: ______
15. Mineral Name Gemstone variety name(s)
Sample A ______
Sample B ______
Element for Sample B ______
*Explain different colors:
16. What mineral ______(1 pt)
This mineral does not form naturally in south-central Minnesota.
Explain how samples got to a south- central Minnesota gravel pit:
(2 pt)
Refer to the MN bedrock geologic map on next page. Put a bold “x” on the map in all the mapped rock locations where this substance would have formed naturally in what is now Minnesota.
(2 pt)
*Explain how and inside what other rock type the mineral formed, and what causes its color variations. Be as specific as possible:
(2 pt)
Note – in event of a tie remaining after the other tie-breakers are considered, the quality and thoroughness of this answer will be evaluated to break the tie.
2016 Division B/C Boyceville Invite
Dec. 3, 2016
Rocks and Minerals
School: ____ Key ______
Names: ______
1. sedimentary structure ______ripple marks______
water motion: current from C toward A
how you can tell: asymmetric with the steep side pointing down stream (longer side pointing upstream)
2. Name Composition
A - ____halite______NaCl______
B - ______calcite ______CaCO3______
How you tell them apart: by their shapes (A is cubic, 90o, and B is slanted angles (rhomohedral)
General name of mineral property: ___cleavage_____
Optical property of sample B : ___double refraction (birefringence)____
3. Lowest grade ------à Highest Grade
__E - slate______A - phyllite______B – schist ______D - gneiss____
Metamorphic texture name: ____foliated (foliation) _____
*Cause of the texture: ____the mineral grains are aligned in response to pressure______
4. Mineral names (give Letter and name):
___A – hematite ______B- magnetite ______C - hematite______E - pyrite_____
[D is quartzite – meta rock]
Have in common: ___ all contain Fe (iron) ______
5. Sample letter and name: ___B – calcite _____
Why?: it’s a carbonate and the others are silicates
A(talc) C (plagioclase) D (quartz)
6. provide letter and name
_C conglomerate_ _E conglomerate (course sandstone)_ _A sandstone__ _B shale _
Highest energy ------à Lowest energy
Explain how you determined the order: by grain size - the larger the grain size the higher the energy (smaller the grain size the lower the energy), so they are ordered based on the size of the grains C is largest, B is smallest, E larger than A
[D is scoria]
7. Provide Letter and Name
___D – basalt ______C - andesite______B - gneiss_____
Location X Location Y Location Z
8. only the igneous rocks
Letter / NameOn or near earth surface
Deepest in crust / E / Obsidian
A / Diorite
C / granite
B / granite
[D is not igneous – conglomerate]
9.
letter - name / possible parent rock sample(s) letter(s)
B - Marble / D - limestone
E - quartzite / A - sandstone
[C is gypsum]
Texture term: ___non-foliated__
10. Letter and Name
Most Mafic ------à Most Felsic
______C - gabbro ______D - diorite______B - granite______
extrusive equiv: ______basalt______andesite______rhyolite______
11. mineral name: ____garnet_(almandine)______, mineral class: ___silicate___
metamorphic grade: ____medium regional (amphibolite)___
*Explain: garnet forms (is stable) at the temperature/pressure conditions described as medium regional; under lower temperature pressure conditions the garnets would not yet crystallize; and if the temperature/pressure grade when higher, any garnets that had formed would be unstable and re-crystallize into a different mineral that is stable at the higher grade conditions
12. specific gravity of A = __4.5____ math: 36/(36-28) = 36/8 = 4.5
Sample A Name ___Barite___ compositon: ____BaSO4______
Sample B Name ____Gypsum______compositon: ____CaSO4-H2O______
13.
A / graphite / C / element / hexagonal / diamond / Cubic (isometric)
B / calcite / CaCO3 / carbonate / Hexagonal (trigonal) / Aragonite (vaterite) / Orthorhombic (pseudohexagonal)
*Product of reaction with acid: ____carbon dioxide gas______
14. Letter Mineral Name
Last to form __C__ ___quartz______
__D__ ___muscovite___
__E__ ___orthoclase___
__A__ ___biotite______
First to form __B__ ___olivine______
Named after: ___ Norman Bowen____
15. Mineral Name Gemstone name(s)
Sample A ___corundum______ruby______sapphire____
Sample B ___beryl______aquamarine______emerald_____
Name of element for Sample B ____beryllium______
*Explain colors: substitution in the crystal lattice of trace amounts of different elements (usually transition metals) causes the different colors – changes the energies of the electromagnetic fields inside the crystal lattice so different energies in the electron transitions when interacting with light
e.g. chromium that substitutes in the crystal for aluminum = pink to deep red = ruby
iron or titanium substituting for aluminum in the crystal structure has a blue color = sapphire
he pale blue color of aquamarine is attributed to Fe2+. The Fe3+ ions produce golden-yellow color, and when both Fe2+ and Fe3+ are present, the color is a darker blue
Emerald refers to green beryl, colored by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium
16. What is it ___agate____
Explain how samples got to south – central Minnesota gravel pit:
Glacial deposits – glaciers transported them there
Although agates originated in the basaltic rocks along the North Shore,glaciers that advanced into Minnesota from the northeast, brought agate-bearing gravel into the central and southern parts of the state.
Refer to the MN bedrock geologic map on next page. Put a bold “x” on the map in all the mapped rock locations that this substance does form naturally in Minnesota.
*Explain where in Minnesota (e.g. in what other MN rock) and how the substance forms. Be as specific as possible.
Agates form in cavities in volcanic rocks (basalt) near the North Shore of Lake Superion. As mineral-rich water circulates through the cavities, silica (SiO2), or quartz, is deposited in layers along cavity walls. Eventually, the cavities completely fill with this banded variety of quartz. The color variations are due to slight mineral impurities in the water. Iron, for example, causes much of the red and orange color seen in Lake Superior agates.