Name______Block______
Honors Biology: Final exam study guide 2013
Scientific Method/Intro to Bio
List Steps of scientific method:
______
Define “hypothesis”: ______
What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group? ______
What words are used in a conclusion? ______
What is the difference between a light (compound) microscope/simple microscope (stereoscopic) and electron microscope? ______
J Know the parts of the microscope!!
J Know your fields of biology:
q ecology ______
q genetics______
q cytology______
q biology ______
q taxonomy ______
Know your basic biochemistry: (Define, cite examples, cite chemicals involved)
q organic elements= ______
q carbohydrates : ______
q lipids : ______
q proteins: ______
q nucleic acids ______
q glucose/galactose/fructose ______
q sucrose/lactose/maltose: ______
q cellulose ______
q chitin______
q complimentary base pairing for DNA/RNA ______
q enzymes______
q hydrolysis: ______
q dehydration synthesis/condensation rxn: ______
Know your cellular organelles: What do they do?
q nucleus______
q mitochondrion ______
q nucleolus ______
q ribosome ______
q lysosome ______
q cell membrane______(what is homeostasis?????)
q chloroplast ______
q endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth)______
q Golgi apparatus ______
q Cell wall ______
q Vacuole ______
J Know difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell!
Define the following terms related to movement of cellular materials (homeostasis & transport):
q diffusion ______
q osmosis ______
q active transport ______
q hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic solution ______
q plasmolysis ______
q passive transport ______
q cytolysis ______
q endocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis ______
______
q exocytosis ______
q contractile vacuoles ______
q hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic ______
Which cell is in a hypertonic solution? isotonic? hypotonic?
Cellular Reproduction
o Label the stages of mitosis.
Define the concepts of cell division:
q interphase: ______
q mitosis ______
q meiosis ______
q haploid, diploid ______
q gamete ______
q zygote ______
q cell plate, cleavage furrow ______
q autosomes/somatic chromosomes ______
q sex chromosomes ______
How do bacteria reproduce? ______
Compare sperm production and egg production in human meiosis: ______
J Know blood typing! IAIA, IBIB, IAIB, IAi, IBi, ii What combination of genotypes form the phenotypes of type A, type B, type AB and type O blood?
J What are the symbols for “male” and female”?
J Solve the following Punnett square crosses (include genotypic and phenotypic ratios in your examples) where T= tall and t= short:
Cross TT x tt
Know your genetics terms:
q dominant ______
q recessive ______
q phenotype ______
q genotype ______
q homozygous ______
q heterozygous ______
q sex-linked ______
q karyotype______
q pedigree (know symbols!!) ______
What is another name for:
q XO syndrome? ______
q Down Syndrome? ______
q XXY? ______
q Other discussed genetic disorders? ______
What is a nondisjunction chromosome disorder? ______
Monosomy? ______
Trisomy? ______
Ways to detect these disorders? ______
J Remember how to Replicate? Transcribe? Translate?
AAT CCA GTC
Replicate
Transcribe
Translate
How may bases make up a codon? ______
Know your famous scientists:
q Darwin ______
q Aristotle ______
q Fleming ______
q Linnaeus ______
q Hooke ______
q Lamarck ______
q Mendel ______
q Van Leeuwenhoek ______
Taxonomy and Evolution
List the 7 levels of classification according to Linnaeus ______
What are the various kingdoms of organisms? ______
Describe these “taxonomy/evolution terms”:
q vestigial structures: ______
q acquired traits: ______
q binomial nomenclature: ______
q dichotomous key: ______
q homologous structures: ______
q analogous structures: ______
q coevolution: ______
q convergent evolution: ______
q divergent evolution: ______
q artificial selection: ______
Bacteria and Viruses and Fungi
Draw the three basic bacterial shapes: coccus, bacillus, spirillus. What is staphylo-? strepto-?
What is the difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria? ______
What are some good things bacteria do for us? ______
Bacterial diseases? ______
What is a virus? ______
Temperate (lysogenic) vs. Virulent (lytic)? ______
What are some viral diseases? ______
What are some common fungi? ______
Fungal diseases? ______
Terminology:
Hyphae: ______
Mycelium: ______
Fruiting body: ______
Famous fungal miracle drug? ______Discovered by? ______
Protists
List and describe several members of kingdom Protista :
______
How do some protists move?
q pseudopodia ______
q cilia ______
q flagella ______
Know diagram of the paramecium!
How do paramecia rid themselves of excess water? ______
What are some common diseases caused by protozoa? ______
Plants…
What is the equation for photosynthesis? ______
What are the products and reactants in both photosynthesis and cell respiration? ______
Remember this diagram? Do you know the parts? What are the functions of these parts?
J Know your phyla and classes: Give examples of each, as well as basic characteristics:
Porifera ______
Movement as adults? ______
Cnidaria ______
Specialized defense mechanism? ______
Nematoda ______
Platyhelminthes ______
Annelida______
Amphibia ______
Mammalia ______
Know some general organ function and structures like:
q pharynx: ______
q crop: ______
q gizzard: ______
q heart (chambers in a frog? pig?) : ______
q nictitating membrane: :______
q tympanic membrane: ______
q kidneys: ______
q pinnae: ______
q eyespots: ______
q lungs: ______
q stomach ______
q what does fat/fat bodies do for organs? ______
Biological terminology:
q Autotrophic (photoautotrophic/chemoautotrophic): ______
q Heterotrophic means: ______
q Eukaryotic: ______
q Prokaryotic: ______
q Symbiotic relationships: ______
o Mutualism vs. parasitism vs commensalism: ______
______
J Know your basis Latin roots!!!!!!!
Energy transfer in the biosphere: Know your levels of organization!!
o (species àpopulation àcommunityà ecosystemà biomeà biosphere)
o any place an organism lives= “habitat”; a role an organism fulfills is its “niche”
Distinguish between food chains, & food webs. ______
______
What is a trophic level? ______
J Be able to identify producers, 10 (primary) consumers, 20 (secondary) consumers, etc. if given a food web!
Terminology
q autotroph ______
q heterotroph ______
q decomposer (saprobe/saprophyte) ______
q detritivore ______
q herbivore ______
q carnivore ______
q omnivore ______
1