The Métis
The first settlers in western Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta) were the Metis.
The Métis established their own distinct identities, based on their history and culture. They spoke several languages: French, English, at least on First Nations language,
andMichif (a combination of French and Nehinawe.
Métis and French heritage were usually Roman Catholic while Métis of English or Scottish heritage were usually Protestant.
The Métis were sometimes known as bois-brule (French for “burnt wood”)
a reference to their complexion. Métis of British heritage were often called
“the country born”.
The Hudson’s Bay Company
-The HBC established a number of trading posts throughout the Hudson’s Bay area and interior.
-The trading posts were manned by employees of the HBC
-Aboriginal groups would trap throughout the winter and then sell or trade their furs at these outposts.
-Employees began to have relationships with the women who came to the trading posts.
-The Directors of the Company quickly acted to stop these relations.
-The Directors created rules by which the employees were to adhere to:
Rule 1:All persons attend prayers.
Rule 2: All persons to live lovingly with one another, not to swear or quarrel but to live peaceably without drunkenness or profaneness.
Rule 3: No man to meddle, trade with or affront any Indians, nor to concern themselves with women. Men going contrary to this order are to be punished (in public) before Indians.
Enforcement of the Rules
-The HBC had little control of their employees situated so far away on the shores of another continent.
-Within a few brief years, both servants and officers of the HBC were taking First Nation wives.
-By 1763, the majority of the HBC employees were of mixed blood.
Annexing the West
The Canadian government did little to encourage settlement in the West until the late 1800’s.
Even though Confederation had occurred in 1867 the people who lived on the land mass from B.C. to the Maritimes were hardly united.
Canada was on high alert of the Americans taking over Western Canada. Because of this, they sent John Palliser to explore, map, and report on the lands of the West
between Red River and the Rocky Mountains.
Palliser reported back, stating the land was unsuitable for settlement.
Despite the report, Canada purchased Rupert’s Land from the HBC in January 1869. This territory stretched from Hudson Bay to the Rockies.
The Métis
The first settlers in western Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta) were the ______.
The Métis established their own distinct identities, based on their history and culture. They spoke several languages: ______
Métis and French heritage were usually ______while Métis of English or Scottish heritage were usually ______.
The Métis were sometimes known as ______(French for ______) a reference to their complexion. Métis of British heritage were often called ______.
The Hudson’s Bay Company
-The HBC established a number of trading posts throughout the Hudson’s Bay area and interior.
-The trading posts were manned by employees of the HBC
-Aboriginal groups would trap throughout the winter and then sell or trade their furs at these outposts.
-Employees began to have relationships with the women who came to the trading posts.
-The Directors of the Company quickly acted to stop these relations.
-The Directors created rules by which the employees were to adhere to:
Rule 1: ______
Rule 2: All persons to live lovingly with one another, not to ______or ______but to live peaceably without ______.
Rule 3: No man to meddle, trade with or affront any Indians, nor to concern themselves with women. Men going contrary to this order are to be ______
______.
Enforcement of the Rules
-The HBC had little control of their employees situated so far away on the shores of another continent.
-Within a few brief years, both servants and officers of the HBC were taking First Nation wives.
-By 1763, the majority of the HBC employees were of ______.
Annexing the West
The Canadian government did little to encourage settlement in the West until the late ______.
Even though ______had occurred in ______, the people who lived on the land mass from B.C. to the Maritimes were hardly united.
Canada was on high alert of the Americans taking over Western Canada. Because of this, they sent ______.
Palliser reported back, stating the land was ______.
Despite the report, Canada purchased Rupert’s Land from the HBC in January 1869. This territory stretched from Hudson Bay to the Rockies.
YOUR TASK
Read the following pages, and answer the questions below. TOTAL: /23 Marks
1. After the purchase of Rupert’s Land by the Canadian government, what did the Métis fear? /2 Marks
2. In 1869, surveyors began to do what for the land and for whom? /2 Marks
3. Who was the leader of the Métis group? What did he order? (exact quote) /2 Marks
4. In November, who did they stop? Where did they stop him? What did they stop him from doing? /3 Marks
5. The Métis set up a provisional government. What does a provisional government mean? /1 Mark
6. Who was the most outspoken against Louis Riel and what happened to him? /2 Marks
7. What did Thomas Scott and Louis Riel do when John A. MacDonald sent in troops?
Why? /2 Marks
8. What did the Dominion Lands Act of 1872 do? How did the Métis react? /3 Marks
9. Where was Louis Riel defeated? /1 Mark
10. By the 1880’s, what happened to the populations in the west? /1 Mark
11. What were the Aboriginals hit hard by in the 1880’s? /3 Marks
12. When Wilfred Laurier became Prime Minister, what did he encourage in the West?
/1 Mark