Name______Period______Score______/20

Chapter 3 Terms to Understand

Instructions: Please use glossary, chapter 3, and internet to look up definitions

Term / Definition / Term used in a sentence / Clip-art
Picture
Adaptation
Archaeologists
Artifact
Culture
Descendant
Disdain
Infer
Migration
Prehistoric
Sparse
Tradition
Atlatl
Jesse Jennings
Pictographs
Petroglyphs
Cliff Dwelling
Pit House
Hogan
Wicki-up
Tepee

INDIANS OF UTAH SHELTER PROJECT

Chapter -3-

Construct a realistic Model of one of the Following:

  • Cliff Dwelling
  • Wick-up
  • Pithouse
  • Hogan
  • Tepee

Please maintain historical integrity and duplicate the shelter as closely as possible, keeping in mind scale, materials, and building methods. You may use your textbook and other research materials as a guide.

  • Type a card that tells the type of shelter and Group of people that used it.
  • Your spending limit is: $2.00
  • I have a couple of examples in my classroom of what you need to do.

Duedate: ______100 pts. Possible

Name______Score______/36

CH. -3-

CHARTING THE INDIANS OF UTAH

Prehistoric Indians:

  • As you read pages 48–53 in the textbook, complete this chart with information about each group.

TRIBE / WHERE THEY LIVED / SHELTERS / WHAT THEY FARMED (3)
OR
WHAT THEY HUNTED (3) / TOOLS
AND CRAFTS
(3)
PALEO
ARCHAIC
ANASAZI
FREMONT

Modern Indians:

  • As you read pages 55–63 in the textbook, complete this chart with information about each group.

TRIBE / WHERE THEY LIVED / SHELTERS / WHAT THEY FARMED (3)
OR
WHAT THEY HUNTED (3) / TOOLS
AND CRAFTS
(3)
SHOSHONE
NAVAHO
GOSHUTE
UTE
PAIUTE

Chapter -3- Pictograph Story

50 points possible

  1. Write a short story using (5-10 sentences), about something you might have done as a Native American.
  1. Draw and Color50 characters or pictures that help tell the story.
  1. Use the chart on the back or create your own characters to make your story.
  1. Make sure your name and period on the top of your paper.

EXAMPLE:

One bright winter day, a young brave named one feather went out hunting for elk.

He saw many small animals of the forest, but there was no sign of wapiti. One

feather walked through the stream that ran through the bottom of the canyon. He

hike to the top of the mountain and over the next valley. Finally in the distance

he heard a bull bugle. He crawled through the woods until he saw the huge bull. He

aimed his bow and arrow at the wapiti and let the arrow fly.

Name ______Score ______/50

Chapter -3- Pictograph Story

NAME______PERIOD ______SCORE ______/135

CHAPTER -3-

THE AMERICAN INDIANS

Incomplete notes

The instructions are as follows:
1-Listen to the daily lecture and fill in all answer completely. (If it takes a sentence to answer the question, write a sentence. Write whatever is needed to be answered the question completely.)
2-If you are absent or miss some answers, read the chapter and find the exact answer.
3-Do not use red, orange or pink pen or pencils.
4-Do not share answers or copy off of anyone. Do your own work. Initials:______

Setting the Stage

The Ice Age was over, but the weather was cooler and wetter than it is today. 1) ______roamed the land. Many became food for humans. For thousands of year’s different groups of people moved in and out of the place we now call 2)______. They developed more and more skills. They traveled from place to place, searching for food. Then some started building more permanent communities and growing some of their own food.

Thousands of years later, when 3)______priests and then the 4)______came to the Great Basin, there were about 5) ______native people living in the region.

Discover the Past

The history of Utah’s people started a long time ago. However, there is more we don’t know about the earliest inhabitants than we do. We know the story of the early people is one of 6)______and 7)______.

In prehistoric times, the climate was different than it is now. The ice that covered the northern parts of the globe during the 8)______ended, and the climate in today’s Utah region got warmer. This change was hard on plants and animals. Some 9)______, but others were unable to adapt and became 10)______. These changes did not occur rapidly. It took many, many years for the climate to change to what it is today.

The chain of events might have also been stressful for humans. They depended on 11)______and 12) ______for food, just like we do today. The people adapted to new ways of getting food. They figured out how to make more efficient 13)______to kill the smaller, faster animals that replaced the huge 14)______and other prehistoric animals as they died out. People hunted animals that were similar to those we know today, including 15)______, elk, and deer, ducks, rabbits, fish and other smaller animals.

Archaeologists

Scientist that study early people are called 16)______. Archaeologists have learned much about the early people who lived in Utah. For example we know that 17)______ate animals because charred animals bones have been found at their campsites. We know from 18)______how the groups buried their dead.

19)______are tools, weapons, baskets, clay pots, or other items made by humans. However, there are many aspects of Indian life of which we have no 20)______or we don’t know what the artifacts mean, so we have to 21)______, or try to figure out, how they are used. Archaeologists believe the earliest people did not have 22)______because no writing has been found. They did leave symbols in 23)______, but we do not know how to interpret them.

Prehistoric American Indians

Archaeologists use the term prehistoric to refer to people who lived before white 24)______and 25)______wrote about them. We know of these native people only by the artifacts they left behind. Indians are people about whom we do have 26)______, although the records were written by others and not by the Indians 27)______.

28)______from the University of Utah found a variety of fascinating artifacts, from 29)______to textiles, at 30)______. He also found leather scraps, pieces of string, nets of twine, basket fragments, and bone and wood tools such as knives, weapons and millstones. The age of the oldest material was over 31) ______. The evidence at the cave suggests that the desert population at the time was 32)______, with small family units of about 33) ______in each group. The people were 34)______. They gathered seeds, roots, and nuts, roasted their meats and used the cave as a shelter.

A few miles into the West Desert, beyond the shores of the Great Salt Lake, a 35)______has 36)______. The outer one is about the size of a large house; the second one is half that size. Their work showed that the site had been used by different cultures over a period of about 37)______. (A culture is a group living at a particular time or place). The cave provided shelter to many people over thousands of years.

The Paleo-Indians: Nomadic Hunter-Gathers

Historians call the earliest people of North America “Paleo-Indians.”Paleo means 38)______. The Paleo-Indians followed large mammals and other prehistoric animals and killed them for food. In addition to hunting animals, the people probably gathered 39)______, 40)______, 41)______, and 42)______to eat. During this time, people lived in the 43)______region.

The Archaic Indians: Desert Gathers

After the Paleo-Indians, another group lived here. Historians call the, “Archaic (ancient) Indians.” Because much of Utah is dry, historians also call these people “44)______” because they spent most of their days 45)______in the dry climate. They lived here for about 46) ______, much longer than any other group of people has ever lived here.

The desert Gathers knew what could be found in 47)______at 48)______of the year, and they timed their moves to be in the right place at the right time. In the spring and early summer, the people lived around 49)______and 50)______. They hunted buffalo, deer, antelope, rabbits, and birds. They also ate lizards, insects, mice, and gophers. They collected 51)______and fished for 52)______. The people gathered tender new 53)______, sunflower seeds, and seeds from 54)______. They ate the bulrush, sego lily bulbs and other roots and bulbs.

In the late summer they moved to mountain valleys and 55)______where it was cooler. They gathered acorns, pine nuts from pinion trees, and berries from juniper trees. They hunted animals and dried the meat for winter. Desert Gathers built small 56)______, often not high enough for a person to stand up in. We call these shelters 57)______.

The people made all kinds of baskets from 58)______. These baskets were important for

gathering seeds. They made tightly woven, jug-like baskets and lined them with 59)______so they could carry 60)______.

Plant fibers, especially 61)______, were used to make sandals, mats, ropes, strings and thread. The main weapon was the 62)______. An atlatl was a spear thrower. This made the spear fly 63)______and 64)______than throwing it by hand.

Later Groups of Native People

After many, many years, some groups of Archaic Desert Gathers left Utah. Those who stayed mixed with two new groups of people who moved to the region. Historians call the first of these new groups “Anasazi” (ah nuh SAH zee). Anasazi means 65) “______” or “ancient enemies.” The other group we call 66) “______.” We don’t know what the people called themselves, so archaeologists named them after the Fremont River where some of their artifacts were found. Unlike the Desert Gathers, both the Anasazi and Fremont lived in permanent villages and farmed.

The Anasazi or Ancestral Puebloans

This large group lived along the 67)______where the corners of present-day Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona meet. Part of this region on the high plateaus is called the Four Corners region. The people grew cotton, which they wove into belts and shirts. They grew and ate mostly corn, but they also grew and ate squash and beans. They gathered seeds, berries, pine nuts, sego lily bulbs, and wild onion bulbs in baskets. They dried food and stored it for winter.

Because the people learned how to use the bow and arrow they could kill larger animals than they could by using spears with the atlatl. Some families raised 68)______to eat.

The people made baskets, and in later time periods they made beautiful pottery and painted it with 69)______. They made bags out of the skins of animals. They formed 70)______for carrying babies. They carved whistles out of bone and carved stone knives with wooden handles.

Mesa Verde (now in Colorado) was occupied by Anasazi. They lived on top of the mesas in stone, adobe, or pit houses. Hundreds of years later, apartment dwellings were built into the sides of cliffs. Some of the cliff dwellings were 71)______and had 72)______. They sometimes painted the walls with beautiful designs in red, yellow, black, and white colors with paint they made from plants and minerals.

The Fremont

About the same time as the Anasazi lived in the plateau regions, the Fremont people and their culture was spreading over much of the dry valleys and mountains in the Great Basin. The Fremont learned and borrowed ideas from the Anasazi and traded with them. Most Fremont people were full-time 73)______. They grew corn, beans, and squash in small plots along the river. Other groups were full-time 74)______like their ancestors, and shifted between these lifestyles.

The people built their villages near small streams or at the mouth of canyons where the water and soil were good. They dug 75)______and brought water from streams to water their crops.

Migration and Change

Scientists believe that both 76)______and 77)______cultures disappeared sometime after A.D. 1300.

Historic American Indians

About 250 years ago, explorers and settlers started coming to the land that groups of Indians had lived on for thousands of years. These 78)______were Spanish explorers and Catholic priests, then fur trappers and government explorers, and then pioneers. Many of these people wrote in their 79)______about the American Indians they met. When the explorers came, they found many 80)______of native people. Each band had leaders. Each band traveled together. Sometimes the bands fought each other and sometimes they joined together against their enemies.

These larger groups are sometimes called 81)______Many of these tribes have descendants who live in Utah today. At the time of the explorers, the Utes were the largest tribe. There were also Goshute, Paiute, Shoshone and Navajo (Dine’) tribes. Each group had a distinct culture because they had come from different places. They spoke different 82)______and had different 83)______, 84)______and 85)______.

The land provides food

All the native people relied on nature, their own skills and knowledge, and each other to survive. They got food by hunting both large and small animals and gathering seeds, roots, and nuts.

The Utes, were the largest group, lived in 86)______near the mountains and lakes. They used 87) ______to hunt buffalo, antelope, deer, and other large animals.

The Shoshones also had horses and hunted and gathered much like the Utes did. They lived in the mountains and valleys of northern Utah and in Idaho and Wyoming.

The Navajos called themselves the Dine’. They lived in the very dry region of southern Utah and Arizona where there is very little rain. They raised 88)______and sometimes built log corrals for them. Navajos clans irrigated and farmed. The Navajo people had horses, but they got them later than the Utes.

The Paiutes and Goshutes also lived in very dry regions. Some of the Paiutes 89)______crops of corn, beans, squash and even wheat; they hunted small animals and collected nuts and wild plants. The Goshutes found uses for more than 90) ______kinds of desert plants. They drove 91)______into a pit and roasted them for food. Because they dug for roots and burrowed into the ground for small animals, other people called them 92)______.

The land provides building materials

Different tribes lived in different kinds of homes according to the materials available and their spiritual traditions. Navajo families built 93) ______. While they cut and placed logs the people sang special songs. The Hogan was a symbol of the spiritual connection to 94) ______. Navajos did not live in villages, but placed their Hogan’s far apart from each other on sparse desert land.

Paiutes and Goshutes lived in large family groups in small villages. They built as many 95)______as they needed close to each other. These small brush shelters were made by making a frame of branches and then weaving more branches and grasses on the frame.

Utes and Shoshone made 96)______of tall poles covered with buffalo skins. Tepees could be taken down and moved if necessary.

The land provides material for clothing

The Utes and Shoshones wore 97)______, sometimes with the fur still on. They also wove different grasses and bark to make clothes. After getting sheep from the Spanish, Navajos raised them and used their 98)______. They dyed the yarn with colors from different plants. The Goshutes and Paiutes lived in hot desert regions and 99)______in the summer, so the men wore breechcloths and the woman aprons or grass skirts.

A Spiritual People

Utah Indians were spiritual people. Some Indians groups believed in one God. Other Indian people believed in many gods, or many spirits. Many prayers for blessings are addressed to 100) ______,101)______, the 102)______, and 103) ______.

Singing and Dancing

The people believed there was magic and power in singing and dancing. They sang songs to 104)______, to make 105)______, to make 106)______, to celebrate the coming of a young man or a young woman into adulthood, and for many other reasons.

Oral Traditions

Indian groups passed on their history through story-telling. Stories explained why certain things happened. Such stories are called 107)______or myths. Many of the legends contained animals. The 108)______was often either the 109)______or 110)______in their stories.

Answer the questions from the notes above. (25 pts.)