Mitigating Cadmium Accumulation in Greenhouse Lettuceproduction Using Biochar

Supplementary Information for

Mitigating cadmium accumulation in greenhouse lettuceproduction using biochar

RuilunZhenga, GuoxinSunb, Cui Lia, Brian J. Reidc, Zubin Xied, Bo Zhange, Qinghai Wanga*

a Research & Development Center for Grasses and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, People’s Republic of China

b Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China

c School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK

d State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Jiangsu Biochar Engineering Center, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People’s Republic of China

eInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK

*Corresponding author:

E-mail address: ; Tel: 861051503436; Fax: 861051503297

Number of pages:5

Number of figures: 1

Number of tables:3

Fig. S1 Relationship between lettuce yield,under biochar additions at different rates (0, 6, 12, 18 t ha−1) in greenhouse G18, and: soil available K (a);soil available P (b); soil bulk density (c);water holding capacity (d), and; soil available N (e)

Table S1Influence of biochar additions on: soil pH, available nutrient concentrations and lettuce yield in greenhouses G5, G6, G20, G21

Greenhouses / Treatment / Soil pH / Available nutrient (mg g−1) / Lettuce yield
(t ha−1)
N / P / K
G5 / control / 7.8 a / 0.15 a / 0.37 a / 0.29 b / 24.3 b
broadcast / 8.0 a / 0.16 a / 0.44 a / 0.86 a / 26.7 a
G21 / control / 7.3 b / 0.17 a / 0.48 a / 0.43 b / 24.9 b
broadcast / 7.7 a / 0.18 a / 0.55 a / 0.83 a / 27.2 a
G6 / control / 7.4 a / 0.13 a / 0.31 a / 0.25 b / 23.1 b
band / 7.8 a / 0.14 a / 0.31 a / 0.67 a / 25.5 a
G20 / control / 7.4 b / 0.20 a / 0.44 a / 0.54 b / 21.3 b
band / 7.8 a / 0.20 a / 0.51 a / 0.86 a / 23.0 a

Note: Different letters in a same column represent significant difference between control (no biochar addition) and biochar application in broadcast or band placement treatment in the same greenhouse (p0.05) (n=4).

Table S2Influence of biochar additions on: DTPA-extractable concentrations of Fe, Mn and Zn, BFs of Cd, Cd concentrations in root and shoot of lettuce

Greenhouses / Treatment / Biochar dose
(t ha−1) / Extractable nutrient
(µg g−1) / BF / Root Cd
(µg g−1
DW) / Shoot Cd
(µg g−1
DW)
Fe / Mn / Zn
G18 / control / 0 / 39.2 a / 29.8 a / 12.9 a / 0.10 a / 5.6 a / 3.0 a
broadcast / 6 / 34.9 ab / 27.8 ab / 10.9 a / 0.08 ab / 4.5 ab / 2.5 ab
broadcast / 12 / 29.3 b / 24.6 ab / 11.2 a / 0.06 b / 3.8 bc / 2.1 bc
broadcast / 18 / 26.4 b / 21.4 b / 12.2 a / 0.04 c / 2.6 c / 1.7 c
G5 / control / 0 / 37.2 a / 28.9 a / 13.7 a / 0.09 a / 4.4 a / 2.2 a
broadcast / 10 / 27.5 b / 22.4 a / 11.5 a / 0.07 a / 3.5 a / 1.6 a
G21 / control / 0 / 27.7 a / 19.6 a / 9.9 a / 0.06 a / 5.5 a / 2.5 a
broadcast / 16 / 19.3 b / 15.3 a / 9.6 a / 0.05 b / 3.7 b / 1.9 b
G6 / control / 0 / 32.7 a / 23.9 a / 10.7 a / 0.11 a / 6.0 a / 2.8 a
band / 5 / 25.4 b / 20.6 a / 10.2 a / 0.08 b / 3.9 b / 1.8 b
G20 / control / 0 / 32.8 a / 25.0 a / 10.8 a / 0.09 a / 7.4 a / 3.3 a
band / 8 / 23.6 b / 19.0 b / 10.5 a / 0.05 b / 4.3 b / 2.0 b

Note: Different letters in a same column represent significant difference between treatments in the same greenhouse (p0.05) (n=4).Control, broadcast and band represent un-amended with biochar, biochar application in broadcast placement and biochar application in band placement, respectively.

Table S3Influence of biochar additions on concentrations of K, P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fein shoot of lettuce based on fresh weight

Greenhouses / Treatment / Biochar dose
(t ha−1) / K
(mg g−1) / P
(mg g−1) / Ca
(mg g−1) / Mg
(mg g−1) / Zn
(µg g−1) / Fe
(µg g−1)
G18 / control / 0 / 1.0 b / 0.31 a / 0.89 a / 0.30 a / 5.5 a / 13.2 a
broadcast / 6 / 1.1 b / 0.31 a / 0.85 a / 0.29 a / 3.4 a / 13.5 a
broadcast / 12 / 1.3 a / 0.33 a / 0.74 a / 0.30 a / 3.8 a / 15.1 a
broadcast / 18 / 1.3 a / 0.34 a / 0.66 a / 0.30 a / 4.4 a / 12.9 a
G5 / control / 0 / 0.9 b / 0.31 a / 0.91 a / 0.30 a / 7.0 a / 13.9 a
broadcast / 10 / 1.2 a / 0.32 a / 0.89 a / 0.29 a / 6.6 a / 13.5 a
G21 / control / 0 / 1.1 b / 0.32 a / 0.76 a / 0.29 a / 5.1 a / 13.4 a
broadcast / 16 / 1.3 a / 0.32 a / 0.67 a / 0.30 a / 5.1 a / 11.9 a
G6 / control / 0 / 1.0 b / 0.33 a / 0.83 a / 0.29 a / 6.1 a / 12.4 a
band / 5 / 1.2 a / 0.32 a / 0.79 a / 0.30 a / 5.6 a / 13.9 a
G20 / control / 0 / 1.0 b / 0.33 a / 0.78 a / 0.32 a / 5.7 a / 13.4 a
band / 8 / 1.3 a / 0.33 a / 0.74 a / 0.32 a / 5.3 a / 13.2 a