BME 535: Ultrasonic Imaging (3 units), Spring, 2013
Instructor: K. Kirk Shung, Professor of Biomedical Engineering
136 Denny Research Bldg. Tel: 821-2653
Course goals
The goal of the course is to expose the students to the fundamental physical principles and instrumentation in ultrasonic imaging, Doppler flow measurements and Doppler imaging. Advantages and pitfalls of ultrasound relative to other competing imaging modalities will be addressed. Clinical applications will be stressed.
LECTURE SCHEDULE (Reading and homework assignments shown within parentheses)
Week 1: Fundamental physics (Chaps 1 and 2 of textbook)
Lecture 1: Wave concepts
Lecture 2: Strain-stress relationship
Lecture 3: Wave Equation
Week 2: Fundamental physics (Chap 2)
Lecture 1: Acoustic impedance, intensity
Lecture 2: Reflection and refraction, transmission
Lecture 3: Attenuation
Week 3: Fundamental physics (Chap 2)
Lecture 1: Absorption and scattering
Lecture 2: Doppler principle
Lecture 3: Non-linear effects
Week 4: Transducers/Arrays (Chap 3)
Lecture 1: Piezoelectricity
Lecture 2: Constitutive equations
Lecture 3: Constitutive equations
Week 5: Transducers/Arrays (Chap 3)
Lecture 1: Single element transducers
Lecture 2: Single element transducers and linear arrays
Lecture 3: Linear and multidimensional arrays (Homework Set #1 assigned)
Week 6: Instrumentation for Imaging (Chap 4)
Lecture 1: Conventional imaging methods: A, B, mode
Lecture 2: Conventional imaging methods: C, D mode
Lecture 3: beam forming, speckle, scan conversion, clinical applications(Homework Set #1 due; Mid-Term Take-Home Exam assigned)
Week 7: Instrumentation for Doppler (Chap 5)
Lecture 1: Doppler equation
Lecture 2: CW Doppler
Lecture 3: Pulsed Doppler (Mid-Term Take-Home Exam due); Week 8: Instrumentation for Color Doppler imaging (Chap 6)
Lecture 1: Color Doppler principle
Lecture 2: Autocorrelation
Lecture 3: Clinical applications (Field trip to Keck School of Medicine)
Week 9: Color power Doppler, time domain flow measurements, phase aberration (Chap 6)
Lecture 1: Color power Doppler
Lecture 2: Time domain flow measurements
Lecture 3: Phase aberration compensation(Homework Set #2 assigned)
Week 10: New developments (Chap 7)
Lecture 1: Scattering by airbubbles
Lecture 2: Contrast agents
Lecture 3: Harmonic imaging
Week 11: New developments (Chap 8)
Lecture 1: Elastography
Lecture 2: Coded excitation imaging
Lecture 3: High frequency imaging (Homework Set #2 due)
Week 12: New developments: multidimensional imaging including 2D arrays and 4D imaging
(Chap 9)
Lecture 1: Multidimensional imaging
Lecture 2: 2D arrays
Lecture 3: 4D imaging
Week 13: Image artifacts (Additional handouts)
Lecture 1: Artifacts associated with refraction
Lecture 2: Artifacts associated with reflection
Lecture 3: Artifacts associated with velocity and attenuation
Week 14: Biological effects and safety (Chap 10)
Lecture 1: Thermal and mechanical bioeffects
Lecture 2: Thermal and mechanical indices
Lecture 3: Safety standards
Class Meetings
Two lectures a week, 75 minutes per class. Field trips will be made to tour Dr. Jesse Yen’s lab, clinical facility at USC medical School, andhigh frequency ultrasound imaging laboratory if possible.
Grading Policies
Homework (2 sets): 30%, Mid-term: 30%, Final: 40%
Each homework assignment will contribute towards 15% of the final grade. Both mid-term and final exams will be take-home tests consisting of problems that may involve literature search, computation, and complex mathematical derivations as well as analyses. Mid-term exam and final exam will be assigned at the end of weeks6 and 14 respectively. Solutions to the mid-term exam are in general due one week following assignment unless specified otherwise. Solutions to the final take-home are due on the date and time of the final exam, as specified in USC Schedule of Classes web-site.Attendance will be taken occasional. Five points will be deducted for missing 2-3 classes and 10 points for missing more than 3 classes from the final grade.
Reading Materials
Textbook:
KK Shung “Diagnostic Ultrasound: Imaging and Doppler Flow Measurements” Francis & Taylor, CRC Press Boca RatonFL, 2005
Recommended reading materials:
(1)KK Shung, MB Smith and BWM Tsui "Principles of Medical Imaging", Academic Press, San Diego, 1992
(2)J.A. Zagzebski “Essentials of Ultrasound Physics” Mosby, St. Loius, 1996.
(3)S Webb "The Physics of Medical Imaging" Adam Hilger, Philadelphia, 1988.
(4)G. Kino “Acoustic Devices” Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1987.
(5)P. Suetens “Fundamentals of Medical Imaging” CambridgeUniversityPress, Cambridge, UK, 2002.
(6)J.A. Jensen “Estimation of Blood Velocities Using Ultrasound” CambridgeUniversity Press, 1996.
(7)T. Szabo “Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging: Inside Out” Elsevier Academic Press, Amesterdam, 2004.
(8)R.S.C. Cobbold “Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound” OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford, UK, 2007.