20
APUSH EXAM REVIEW
AP U.S. HISTORY | Mr. Long
APUSH EXAM REVIEW
INSTRUCTIONS: For each terms, identify: Who or what?, Where?, When? Why is it significant? and/or How did it change events or conditions?
§ Related terms may be listed together separated by a comma or semi-colon; explain each term and their relationship
§ Many terms contain additional prompts related to their significance. Be able to explain the prompt
I. COLONIAL ERA
THE THIRTEEN COLONIES AND THE BRITISH EMPIRE 1607-1750
1. comparison of Spanish & French colonies vs. English colonization (economies, government, societies)
2. role of joint-stock companies in English colonization
3. Roanoke Island (1588)
4. Regions: South, Chesapeake, Middle, New England – Compare/contrast reasons for settlement & types of settlers
5. Who founded Virginia Colony and why
6. Jamestown
7. role of tobacco in Virginia; John Rolfe
8. Bacon’s Rebellion
9. indentured servitude
10. Slavery: Why did it become established? Where did it legally exist by 1700?
11. Lord Baltimore & Maryland
12. Maryland Act of Toleration (1649)
13. Separatist Puritans (Pilgrims)
14. Mayflower Compact
15. Puritans; Reasons for emigration, Massachusetts Bay Colony
16. Great Migration
17. Roger Williams, Rhode Island
18. Anne Hutchinson
19. Half-way Covenant
20. Old Deluder (Satan) Act
21. Metacom; King Phillip’s War
22. Why the Dutch settled New Netherland; New York
23. Quakers (Society of Friends)
24. William Penn & Pennsylvania as a “holy experiment”
25. Rice and indigo
26. Georgia; James Oglethorpe
27. mercantilism
28. Navigation Acts
29. colonial response to the Dominion of New England – and reaction of Great Britain
30. “triangular trade”
31. middle passage
32. Salem Witchcraft Trials (1692)
COLONIAL SOCIETY IN THE 18TH CENTURY
33. Immigrant groups: Why, when & where they settled (English, Germans, Scots-Irish, Africans)
34. extent of social mobility
35. colonial family life (compare New England vs. Chesapeake)
36. Colonial governments: corporate, royal, proprietary (explain each, which colonies?)
37. colonial economies: variations by region/topography (New England, middle, Chesapeake & South)
38. salutary neglect
39. main religions by region/colony
40. religious toleration: reasons for, extent
41. (First) Great Awakening
42. Jonathon Edwards & George Whitefield
43. New Lights vs. Old Lights
44. deism
45. Enlightenment thought – main ideas
46. Benjamin Franklin
47. education in the colonies (sectarian/non-sectarian)
48. John Peter Zenger
49. Colonial governors and legislatures (reasons for colonial autonomy)
50. town meetings
51. Stono Rebellion
II. REVOLUTIONARY ERA
THE COMING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1754-1775
52. French and Indian War (1754-63)
53. Albany Plan of Union (1754); significance as to colonial unity
54. Peace of Paris (1763)
55. Impact of the French & Indian War on the colonies
56. George III
57. Pontiac’s Rebellion
58. Proclamation of 1763
59. Sugar Act (1764)
60. Quartering Act (1765)
61. Stamp Act (1765)
62. Stamp Act Congress
63. Sons/Daughters of Liberty
64. Declaratory Act (1766)
65. Townshend Duties (1767)
66. Writs of Assistance
67. Boston Massacre (1770)
68. Committees of Correspondence
69. Tea Act (1773)
70. Boston Tea Party (1773)
71. Intolerable Acts/Coercive Acts (1774)
72. Quebec Act (1774)
73. Enlightenment political ideals
74. John Locke
75. virtual representation/actual representation
AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE CONFEDERATION, 1776-1787
76. First Continental Congress (1774)
77. Samuel Adams & John Adams
78. Lexington and Concord
79. Battle of Bunker Hill (1775)
80. Second Continental Congress (1775)
81. Olive Branch Petition
82. Thomas Paine, Common Sense, The Crisis
83. Declaration of Independence
84. Patriots and Loyalists
85. George Washington; Continental Army
86. Reasons for discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army
87. Battle of Saratoga – where, when, significance
88. Battle of Yorktown – where, when, significance
89. Treaty of Paris (1783); main provisions
90. Reasons for the American victory in the Revolution
91. effect of the revolution on slavery
92. republican motherhood
93. Articles of Confederation; structure of government set up; strengths and weaknesees
94. Land Ordinance of 1785
95. Northwest Ordinance (1787)
96. Shay’s Rebellion
THE CONSTITUTION AND THE FEDERAL PERIOD, 1787-1800
97. Constitutional Convention
98. Socioeconomic status of Framers; James Madison, Alexander Hamilton
99. Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan
100. Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise)
101. separation of powers; checks and balances
102. Limits on power of the people: electoral college, senate, Supreme Court
103. Three-fifths Compromise; slave trade compromise
104. Federalists and Anti-Federalists
105. Federalist Papers
106. Bill of Rights; Reasons for its addition to the Constitution
107. Executive departments formed: War, Treasury, State; the Cabinet system
108. Judiciary Act (1789)
109. Hamilton’s Financial Plan (Report on Public Credit, Report on Manufactures) - national debt, state debts, Bank
110. impact of the French Revolution on American politics in the 1790s
111. Neutrality Proclamation (1793)
112. Citizen Genet
113. Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)
114. Jay’s Treaty (1794) (Unresolved issues with Britain: British Forts and Loyalist Property)
115. Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
116. Treaty of Greenville
117. formation of political parties: Democratic-Republicans and Federalists
118. John Adams
119. XYZ Affair
120. Alien and Sedition Acts
121. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
122. Undeclared war with France – how war was averted
III. EARLY REPUBLIC
THE JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICAN ERA 1800-1824
123. “Revolution of 1800”
124. Jefferson’s actions with respect to the national government and the presidency
125. Louisiana Purchase (1803)
126. Lewis and Clark
127. John Marshall
128. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
129. strict vs. broad construction of the constitution
130. response of slaveholders to the Haitian Revolution
131. American position during the Napolianic wars
132. impressments, Orders in Council, and the Continental system
133. Chesapeake Incident
134. Embargo Act (1807)
135. James Madison
136. Non-intercourse Act (1808)
137. Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)
138. Tecumseh and the Prophet
139. Battle of Tippecanoe and William Henry Harrison
140. War Hawks
141. Battle of New Orleans
142. Treaty of Ghent (1814)
143. Hartford Convention; effect on the Federalist Party
144. “Era of Good Feelings”
145. American culture: Washington Irving, James Fennimore Cooper
146. increase in nationalism after the War of 1812 (cultural, economic, diplomatic, judicial)
147. James Monroe
148. “American System”
149. Second Bank of the United States
150. Panic of 1819
151. McCullough v. Maryland
152. implied powers (loose construction)
153. Dartmouth College v. Woodward
154. Gibbons v. Ogden
155. Missouri Compromise (1820)
156. Adams-Onis (Transcontinental) Treaty (1819), Florida
157. Monroe Doctrine (1823); why it was issued
A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION, 1824-1840
158. universal male suffrage – when, why, how
159. John Quincy Adams
160. Henry Clay
161. “corrupt bargain”; effects on Democratic-Republican party
162. Tariff of Abominations
163. Andrew Jackson; programs he supported as President
164. Party nominating conventions emerge; death of “King Caucus”
165. spoils system
166. Jacksonian democracy (??) – belief in the common man
167. Second Party System
168. Democratic Party: when and why formed, major beliefs and goals
169. Whig Party: when and why formed, major beliefs and goals
170. Indian Removal Act (1830)
171. Worchester v. Georgia (1832)
172. “Trail of tears”
173. states’ rights
174. Nullification crisis
175. John C. Calhoun, South Carolina Exposition and Protest
176. “Bank War”
177. Nicholas Biddle (Czar Biddle)
178. “pet banks”
179. Specie Circular
180. Panic of 1837
181. Martin Van Buren
182. “Log cabin and hard cider” campaign - popular campaigning
183. Hudson River School of art
IV. ANTEBELLUM ECONOMIC & SOCIAL TRANFORMATIONS
ECONOMIC REVOLUTION, 1815-1860
184. turnpikes; National (Cumberland) Road
185. impact of steamboats; Robert Fulton
186. impact of the Erie Canal on (1) transportation and (2) economic and social development of the U.S.
187. earliest railroad in U.S.; characteristics of early railroads (pre-1850)
188. Eli Whitney, interchangeable parts, cotton gin
189. Market Revolution (and/or transportation revolution??); relationship to the Industrial Revolution
190. Samuel Slater and the factory system
191. role of the Lowell mills in early industrialization; characteristics of Massachusetts textile workers in the 1830s, who replaced them?
192. early unions – legality, who joined, how effective
193. characteristics of 1840s Irish immigrants (Potato Famine)
194. characteristics of German “48ers”
195. Old Northwest & agriculture
196. nativists
197. American Party
198. role of “King Cotton” in the South, when it developed, where, effect on the Southern economy and society
199. Southern concept of the “peculiar institution”
200. basic structure of Southern society (planters, yeoman farmers, poor whites, hill people)
201. extent of slave ownership in the South; why slaveholders held disproportionate power
202. status of free blacks in the South and in the North
203. Denmark Vesey; Nat Turner
RELIGION AND REFORM, 1820-1860
204. transcendentalism
205. Ralph Waldo Emerson; ideas
206. Henry David Thoreau, Walden, “Civil Disobedience”
207. utopian communities – what were they? Examples?
208. Oneida Community
209. Mormons (LDS Church)
210. Second Great Awakening
211. temperance movement
212. asylum reform: Dorothea Dix
213. penitentiaries; Auburn System (prison reform)
214. public school movement – goals and impact; Horace Mann
215. Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
216. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott
217. Susan B. Anthony
218. separate spheres
219. cult of domesticity
220. American Colonization Society; What was its goal?
221. abolitionism
222. William Lloyd Garrison
223. Frederick Douglass; The North Star
224. gag rule
V. EXPANSION AND SECTIONAL STRIFE
WESTWARD EXPANSION, 1830-1848
225. Stephen F. Austin
226. Texas Revolution – causes, results
227. Alamo, San Jacinto, Sam Houston
228. Lone Star Republic; why Jackson rejected its annexation request
229. Great American Desert, Far West
230. overland trails; Oregon Trail
231. “manifest destiny”
232. “54° 40’ or Fight!”; Oregon Treaty
233. James K. Polk
234. Rio Grande/Nueces River
235. Mexican War (1846-1847)
236. opposition to the Mexican War
237. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
238. Mexican Cession
THE CRISIS OF THE UNION, 1848-1860
239. Wilmot Proviso
240. California Gold Rush; 49ers
241. free soil movement; Free Soil Party
242. “fireeaters”
243. Compromise of 1850 – reasons for, provisions
244. Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
245. popular sovereignty
246. Stephen Douglas
247. personal liberty laws
248. Underground Railroad
249. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
250. Ostend Manifesto (1852)
251. Gadsden Purchase (1853)
252. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
253. Republican Party; position on slavery
254. “Bleeding Kansas”
255. John Brown; Potawatomie Massacre
256. Sumner-Brooks Incident
257. Dred Scott v. Sandford
258. Abraham Lincoln
259. Lincoln-Douglass Debates; “House-Divided” Speech
260. Freeport Doctrine
261. John Brown’s attack on Harper’s Ferry – purpose, impact
262. Election of 1860; split in parties
263. secession; Confederate States of America
264. Crittenden Compromise
265. Fort Sumter
THE CIVIL WAR, 1861-1865
266. causes of the Civil War
267. border states
268. First Battle of Bull Run
269. Jefferson Davis and Alexander P. Stephens
270. Robert E. Lee
271. Antietam
272. Ulysses S. Grant
273. Lincoln’s use of wartime powers: habeus corpus, conscription, taxes, military courts
274. New York City draft riots
275. greenbacks
276. Homestead Act (1862)
277. Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
278. Pacific Railway Acts (1862 & 1864)
279. Emancipation Proclamation (1863); immediate effect
280. Gettysburg (1863)
281. Vicksburg (1863)
282. Appomattox Court House
283. Lincoln’s assassination; John Wilkes Booth
RECONSTRUCTION, 1863-1877
284. Andrew Johnson
285. black codes
286. Freedman’s Bureau
287. Radical Republicans; leaders, objectives
288. 14th Amendment
289. Congressional Reconstruction
290. Tenure of Office Act (1867)
291. Impeachment of Johnson
292. 15th Amendment
293. “scalawags”
294. “carpetbaggers”
295. status of freedmen 1865-1875 (Sharecropping; crop-lien system)
296. Ku Klux Klan
297. Election of 1876 (Hayes-Tilden)
298. Compromise of 1877
VI. THE GILDED AGE
THE GILDED AGE: INDUSTRIALIZATION, 1865-1900
299. transcontinental railroad; Union Pacific and Central Pacific
300. Federal land grants to railroads
301. Bessemer Process
302. Andrew Carnegie
303. vertical integration vs. horizontal integration
304. United States Steel Co.
305. John D. Rockefeller
306. Standard Oil Trust
307. Frederick Winslow Taylor, “Taylorism”
308. Alexander Graham Bell
309. Thomas Edison
310. Stock-watering, pools, rebates, trusts
311. J.P. Morgan
312. Laissez-faire capitalism (?)
313. Social Darwinism
314. Gospel of Wealth
315. Russell Conwell, “Acres of Diamonds”
316. Horatio Alger
317. White collar workers
318. Women in workforce
319. Scab, lockout, blacklist, yellow-dog contract; injunction
320. National Labor Union
321. Knights of Labor
322. American Federation of Labor; goals, tactics
323. Samuel Gompers
324. Great Railroad Strike of 1877
325. Haymarket Bombing (1886)
326. Homestead Strike (1892)
327. Pullman Strike (1894)
328. Eugene Debs
GILDED AGE: URBANIZATION & URBAN CULTURE 1865-1900
329. “new” immigrants vs. “old” immigrants
330. Ellis Island
331. American Protective Association
332. characteristics of American cities from 1890-1920
333. reasons for declining death rates in late 19th century cities
334. skyscrapers (Louis Sullivan)
335. tenements, dumbbell tenements
336. Streetcars, mass transportation
337. suburbs
338. political machines, city bosses (political corruption, voter fraud)
339. Tammany Hall, William Marcy Tweed
340. Social Gospel
341. Settlement houses
342. Jane Addams
343. Entertainment: sports, Barnum-Bailey, Wild West shows
344. Mark Twain
345. Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward
THE GILDED AGE: THE FAR WEST AND NEW SOUTH, 1868-1900
346. Three frontiers: mining, cattle, farming
347. Comstock Lode
348. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
349. cattle drives
350. homesteaders
351. barbed wire, Joseph Glidden
352. Frederick Jackson Turner’s “Frontier Thesis”
353. reservations
354. Indian Wars
355. Sand Creek Massacre
356. Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse
357. George Armstrong Custer and Little Big Horn
358. Wounded Knee
359. assimilationists
360. Dawes Severalty Act (1887); Indian policy from 1890 until the New Deal
361. A Century of Dishonor – Helen Hunt Jackson
362. John Muir, John Wesley Powell
363. New South
364. sharecropping, crop lien system
365. Jim Crow
366. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
367. disenfranchisement: poll tax, literacy tests, grandfather clause
368. Ida B. Wells
369. lynching
370. Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute
371. Atlanta Compromise (1895)
THE GILDED AGE: NATIONAL POLITICS 1865-1900
372. Ulysses S. Grant
373. Credit Mobilier
374. Stalwarts vs. Halfbreeds
375. Role of Presidents during Gilded Age
376. Sources of government revenue in late 1800s