Table S1correlation Coefficients of the 100-Kernel Weight at Different Developmental Stages
Table S1Correlation coefficients of the 100-kernel weight at different developmental stages
Location / Year / DAP15 / DAP22 / DAP29 / DAP36 / DAP43 / DAP50 / YearZhengzhou / 2010 / DAP15 / 0.14* / 0.12 / 0.13* / 0.03 / 0.09 / 2009
DAP22 / 0.17** / 0.54** / 0.55** / 0.49** / 0.49**
DAP29 / 0.14* / 0.54** / 0.67** / 0.66** / 0.66**
DAP36 / 0.18** / 0.52** / 0.66** / 0.72** / 0.70**
DAP43 / 0.07 / 0.45** / 0.64** / 0.71** / 0.83**
DAP50 / 0.13* / 0.46** / 0.62** / 0.71** / 0.78**
Anyang / 2010 / DAP15 / 0.14* / 0.19** / 0.16* / 0.06 / 0.10 / 2009
DAP22 / 0.13 / 0.57** / 0.56** / 0.50** / 0.44**
DAP29 / 0.17* / 0.58** / 0.74** / 0.68** / 0.64**
DAP36 / 0.20** / 0.56** / 0.71** / 0.75** / 0.69**
DAP43 / 0.10 / 0.51** / 0.72** / 0.79** / 0.85**
DAP50 / 0.11 / 0.45** / 0.68** / 0.75** / 0.85**
Note: DAP Days after pollination;
*, ** Significant effect at probabilities of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively;
The correlation coefficients for 2009 are in the upper triangular area of the table and the correlation coefficients for 2010 are in the lower triangular area of the table.
Table S2Correlation coefficientsofthe100-kernel volume at different developmental stages
Location / Year / DAP22 / DAP29 / DAP36 / DAP43 / DAP50 / YearZhengzhou / 2010 / DAP22 / 0.33** / 0.24** / 0.16* / 0.21** / 2009
DAP29 / 0.40** / 0.50** / 0.40** / 0.48**
DAP36 / 0.24** / 0.52** / 0.64** / 0.64**
DAP43 / 0.23** / 0.51** / 0.60** / 0.64**
DAP50 / 0.22** / 0.50** / 0.56** / 0.63**
Anyang / 2010 / DAP22 / 0.32** / 0.20** / 0.18** / 0.25** / 2009
DAP29 / 0.40** / 0.51** / 0.38** / 0.43**
DAP36 / 0.24** / 0.45** / 0.62** / 0.60**
DAP43 / 0.23** / 0.47** / 0.45** / 0.62**
DAP50 / 0.22** / 0.46** / 0.47** / 0.67**
Note: *, ** Significant effect at probabilities of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively;
The correlation coefficients for 2009 arein the upper triangular area of the table and thecorrelation coefficients for 2010 arein the lower triangular area of the table.
Table S3Correlation coefficientsofthe kernel density at different developmental stages
Location / Year / DAP22 / DAP29 / DAP36 / DAP43 / DAP50 / YearZhengzhou / 2010 / DAP22 / 0.26** / 0.20** / 0.11 / 0.14* / 2009
DAP29 / 0.27** / 0.21** / 0.17** / 0.21**
DAP36 / 0.20** / 0.27** / 0.22** / 0.20**
DAP43 / 0.11 / 0.17* / 0.28* / 0.10
DAP50 / 0.12 / 0.20** / 0.21** / 0.12
Anyang / 2010 / DAP22 / 0.25** / 0.16* / 0.09 / 0.13 / 2009
DAP29 / 0.27** / 0.22** / 0.17* / 0.20**
DAP36 / 0.20** / 0.24** / 0.22** / 0.18**
DAP43 / 0.09 / 0.16* / 0.27** / 0.14*
DAP50 / 0.12 / 0.17* / 0.22** / 0.18**
Note: *, ** Significant effect at probabilities of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively;
The correlation coefficients for 2009 are in the upper triangular area of the table and the correlation coefficients for 2010 are in the lower triangular area of the table.
Table S4Differences of 100-kernel weight within different kernel classes during kernel development
KWDAP15b / DAP22 / DAP29 / DAP36 / DAP43 / DAP50
Large KW crossesa / 2.45 / 9.50 / 15.86 / 21.27 / 25.61 / 29.73
Medium KW crosses / 2.52 / 7.38 / 13.26 / 17.65 / 20.87 / 24.18
Small KW crosses / 2.46 / 6.89 / 11.89 / 15.54 / 17.79 / 19.41
t-valueLKWs/MKWsc / -0.51 / 5.25** / 6.66** / 7.94** / 13.64** / 14.19**
t-valueLKWs/SKWs / -0.09 / 4.97** / 11.27** / 12.05** / 22.15** / 34.86**
t-valueMKWs/SKWs / 0.27 / 1.00 / 3.47** / 4.82** / 12.42** / 41.34**
Large KV crosses / 2.56 / 8.90 / 15.45 / 20.45 / 24.76 / 28.40
Medium KV crosses / 2.41 / 7.48 / 12.97 / 17.50 / 20.68 / 23.52
Small KV crosses / 2.42 / 7.00 / 12.10 / 15.73 / 18.76 / 20.79
t-valueLKVs/MKVs / 1.24 / 3.75** / 4.33** / 4.66** / 6.75** / 6.28**
t-valueLKVs/SKVs / 1.14 / 5.23** / 6.60** / 7.25** / 10.89** / 11.46**
t-valueMKVs/SKVs / -0.08 / 1.58 / 3.21** / 5.12** / 4.80** / 5.40**
Large KD crosses / 2.58 / 8.19 / 13.75 / 18.01 / 21.55 / 25.16
Medium KD crosses / 2.62 / 7.49 / 13.59 / 18.10 / 21.99 / 25.13
Small KD crosses / 2.54 / 7.51 / 12.51 / 16.82 / 19.25 / 21.17
t-valueLKDs/MKDs / -0.19 / 1.53 / 0.29 / -0.14 / -0.59 / 0.03
t-valueLKDs/SKDs / 0.36 / 1.18 / 2.74* / 2.18* / 4.11** / 5.37**
t-valueMKDs/SKDs / 0.64 / -0.04 / 2.25* / 1.95 / 4.58** / 5.65**
Note:* Significant level at P≤0.05; ** Significant level at P≤0.01; LKWs, large KW crosses; MKWs, medium KW crosses; SKWs, small KW crosses; LKVs, large KV crosses; MKWs, medium KV crosses; SKVs, small KV crosses; LKDs, large KD crosses; MKDs, medium KD crosses; SKDs, small KD crosses.
a Mean value of kernel weight of different kernel classes;
bDAP,days after pollination;
ct-value of the difference between LKWs and MKWs.
Table S5Differences of 100-kernel volume within different kernel classes during kernel development
KVDAP22b / DAP29 / DAP36 / DAP43 / DAP50
Large KV crossesa / 8.13 / 14.72 / 18.93 / 21.44 / 24.73
Medium KV crosses / 7.38 / 13.35 / 15.99 / 18.23 / 20.26
Small KV crosses / 7.40 / 12.27 / 15.12 / 17.24 / 16.84
t-valueLKVs/MKVsc / 2.74* / 3.31** / 5.98** / 6.75** / 14.01**
t-valueLKVs/SKVs / 2.96** / 6.00** / 7.68** / 11.61** / 28.36**
t-valueMKVs/SKVs / -0.09 / 4.07** / 3.68** / 2.53* / 39.28
Large KW crosses / 7.82 / 14.97 / 19.33 / 21.71 / 23.82
Medium KW crosses / 7.65 / 13.04 / 16.39 / 18.64 / 19.94
Small KW crosses / 7.21 / 12.38 / 15.35 / 16.89 / 17.71
t-valueLKWs/MKWs / 0.62 / 3.48** / 6.93** / 8.96** / 6.56**
t-valueLKWs/SKWs / 2.02 / 4.58** / 7.44** / 8.59** / 9.71**
t-valueMKWs/SKWs / 2.35* / 1.43 / 3.04** / 4.12** / 4.21**
Large KD crosses / 7.28 / 13.49 / 16.50 / 18.75 / 18.70
Medium KD crosses / 7.51 / 13.70 / 16.92 / 18.80 / 21.22
Small KD crosses / 7.47 / 12.97 / 15.91 / 17.95 / 20.46
t-valueLKDs/MKDs / -0.82 / -0.39 / -0.70 / -0.10 / -3.91**
t-valueLKDs/SKDs / -0.76 / 1.03 / 1.55 / 1.99 / -3.91**
t-valueMKDs/SKDs / 0.10 / 1.59 / 2.09* / 1.70 / 1.19
Note:* Significant level at P≤0.05; ** Significant level at P≤0.01; LKWs, large KW crosses; MKWs, medium KW crosses; SKWs, small KW crosses; LKVs, large KV crosses; MKWs, medium KV crosses; SKVs, small KV crosses; LKDs, large KD crosses; MKDs, medium KD crosses; SKDs, small KD crosses.
a Mean value of kernel volume of different kernel classes;
bDAP,days after pollination;
ct-value of the difference between LKVs and MKVs.
Table S6 Differences of the kernel density within different kernel classes during kernel development
KDDAP22 / DAP29 / DAP36 / DAP43 / DAP50
Large KD crosses / 1.09 / 1.02 / 1.09 / 1.14 / 1.39
Medium KD crosses / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.07 / 1.17 / 1.18
Small KD crosses / 0.95 / 0.97 / 1.06 / 1.09 / 0.99
t-valueLKDs/MKDs / 1.29 / 0.56 / 0.76 / -1.65 / 12.41**
t-valueLKDs/SKDs / 3.26** / 1.47 / 1.59 / 1.49 / 27.1**
t-valueMKDs/SKDs / 0.76 / 1.03 / 0.53 / 2.94** / 17.01**
Large KW crosses / 1.09 / 1.08 / 1.09 / 1.18 / 1.26
Medium KW crosses / 0.96 / 1.03 / 1.08 / 1.13 / 1.22
Small KW crosses / 0.93 / 0.98 / 1.01 / 1.06 / 1.11
t-valueLKWs/MKWs / 0.81 / 1.36 / 0.42 / 2.46* / 1.39
t-valueLKWs/SKWs / 0.86 / 2.39* / 2.94** / 4.89** / 3.83**
t-valueMKWs/SKWs / 0.57 / 1.54 / 2.36* / 3.12** / 0.47
Large KV crosses / 1.03 / 1.06 / 1.07 / 1.15 / 1.16
Medium KV crosses / 1.02 / 0.99 / 1.09 / 1.13 / 1.15
Small KV crosses / 0.92 / 1.00 / 1.03 / 1.09 / 1.26
t-valueLKVs/MKVs / 0.07 / 1.69 / -0.95 / 0.74 / 0.09
t-valueLKVs/SKVs / 1.85 / 1.96 / 1.34 / 2.73* / -4.01**
t-valueMKVs/SKVs / 1.80 / -0.13 / 3.07** / 1.65 / -4.08**
Note:* Significant level at P≤0.05; ** Significant level at P≤0.01; LKWs, large KW crosses; MKWs, medium KW crosses; SKWs, small KW crosses; LKVs, large KV crosses; MKWs, medium KV crosses; SKVs, small KV crosses; LKDs, large KD crosses; MKDs, medium KD crosses; SKDs, small KD crosses.
a Mean value of kernel density of different kernel classes;
bDAP,days after pollination;
ct-value of the difference between LKDs and MKDs.
Table S7Differences of 100-kernel weight at each stage with its neighboring stage in different kernel classes
KWDAP15b / DAP22 / DAP29 / DAP36 / DAP43 / DAP50
IF2 populationa / 2.44 / 7.67 / 13.23 / 17.70 / 21.21 / 24.18
t-valueT/T-1c / 59.26** / 68.88** / 54.71** / 40.07** / 35.25**
Large KW crosses / 2.45 / 9.50 / 15.86 / 21.27 / 25.61 / 29.73
t-valueT/T-1 / 18.83** / 18.19** / 23.33** / 12.92** / 11.27**
Medium KW crosses / 2.52 / 7.38 / 13.26 / 17.65 / 20.87 / 24.18
t-valueT/T-1 / 17.71** / 22.97** / 17.19** / 10.86** / 17.75**
Small KV crosses / 2.46 / 6.89 / 11.89 / 15.54 / 17.79 / 19.41
t-valueT/T-1 / 12.50** / 14.95** / 15.77** / 9.31** / 9.55**
Large KV crosses / 2.56 / 8.90 / 15.45 / 20.45 / 24.76 / 28.40
t-valueT/T-1 / 15.67** / 17.15** / 14.80** / 10.33** / 9.30**
Medium KV crosses / 2.41 / 7.48 / 12.97 / 17.50 / 20.68 / 23.52
t-valueT/T-1 / 12.50** / 14.95** / 15.77** / 9.31** / 9.55**
Small KV crosses / 2.42 / 7.00 / 12.10 / 15.73 / 18.76 / 20.79
t-valueT/T-1 / 15.19** / 14.50** / 15.61** / 11.50** / 9.20**
Large KD crosses / 2.58 / 8.19 / 13.75 / 18.01 / 21.55 / 25.16
t-valueT/T-1 / 14.07** / 19.45** / 19.47** / 13.66** / 10.17**
Medium KD crosses / 2.62 / 7.49 / 13.59 / 18.10 / 21.99 / 25.13
t-valueT/T-1 / 21.81** / 16.68** / 13.88** / 13.32** / 11.20**
Small KD crosses / 2.54 / 7.51 / 12.51 / 16.82 / 19.25 / 21.17
t-valueT/T-1 / 11.49** / 14.77** / 17.65** / 8.72** / 13.12**
Note: ** Significant level at P≤0.01.
a Mean value of kernel weight of IF2 population or different kernel classes;
bDAP,days after pollination;
ct-value of the difference between stage T and stage T-1.
Table S8Differences of 100-kernel volume at each stage with its neighboring stage in different kernel classes
KVDAP22b / DAP29 / DAP36 / DAP43 / DAP50
IF2 populationa / 14.99 / 13.33 / 16.48 / 18.76 / 20.45
t-valueT/T-1c / 64.33** / 35.44** / 27.91** / 17.85**
Large KV crosses / 8.13 / 14.72 / 18.93 / 21.44 / 24.73
t-valueT/T-1 / 20.28** / 13.23** / 7.23** / 9.05**
Medium KV crosses / 7.38 / 13.35 / 15.99 / 18.23 / 20.26
t-valueT/T-1 / 26.58** / 10.80** / 9.56** / 7.91**
Small KV crosses / 7.40 / 12.27 / 15.12 / 17.24 / 16.84
t-valueT/T-1 / 25.85** / 11.28** / 8.73** / -1.63
Large KW crosses / 7.82 / 14.97 / 19.33 / 21.71 / 23.82
t-valueT/T-1 / 16.55** / 10.49** / 7.39** / 4.71**
Medium KW crosses / 7.65 / 13.04 / 16.39 / 18.64 / 19.94
t-valueT/T-1 / 18.19** / 12.25** / 9.51** / 3.39**
Small KW crosses / 7.21 / 12.38 / 15.35 / 16.89 / 17.71
t-valueT/T-1 / 18.26** / 9.86** / 6.01** / 2.40*
Large KD crosses / 7.28 / 13.49 / 16.50 / 18.75 / 18.70
t-valueT/T-1 / 15.49** / 11.88** / 10.04** / -0.19
Medium KD crosses / 7.51 / 13.70 / 16.92 / 18.80 / 21.22
t-valueT/T-1 / 19.79** / 9.17** / 7.08** / 7.86**
Small KD crosses / 7.47 / 12.97 / 15.91 / 17.95 / 20.46
t-valueT/T-1 / 21.80** / 10.32** / 6.05** / 7.73**
Note:* Significant level at P≤0.05; ** Significant level at P≤0.01.
a Mean value of kernel volume of IF2 population or different kernel classes;
bDAP,days after pollination;
ct-value of the difference between stage T and stage T-1.
Table S9Differences of kernel density at each stage with its neighboring stage in different kernel classes
KDDAP22b / DAP29 / DAP36 / DAP43 / DAP50
IF2 populationa / 1.00 / 1.01 / 1.07 / 1.13 / 1.18
t-valueT/T-1c / 0.43 / 8.67** / 9.99** / 6.80**
Large KD crosses / 1.09 / 1.02 / 1.09 / 1.14 / 1.39
t-valueT/T-1 / -1.69 / 4.26** / 2.13* / 16.81**
Medium KD crosses / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.07 / 1.17 / 1.18
t-valueT/T-1 / -0.15 / 2.44* / 4.39** / 0.88
Small KD crosses / 0.95 / 0.97 / 1.06 / 1.09 / 0.99
t-valueT/T-1 / 0.49 / 2.98** / 2.22* / -3.96**
Large KW crosses / 1.09 / 1.08 / 1.09 / 1.18 / 1.26
t-valueT/T-1 / -0.40 / 0.60 / 4.25** / 3.58**
Medium KW crosses / 0.96 / 1.03 / 1.08 / 1.13 / 1.22
t-valueT/T-1 / 2.07 / 2.14* / 1.98 / 3.15**
Small KW crosses / 0.93 / 0.98 / 1.01 / 1.06 / 1.11
t-valueT/T-1 / 0.84 / 1.35 / 2.12* / 1.80
Large KV crosses / 1.03 / 1.06 / 1.07 / 1.15 / 1.16
t-valueT/T-1 / 0.35 / 0.58 / 4.79** / 0.48
Medium KV crosses / 1.02 / 0.99 / 1.09 / 1.13 / 1.15
t-valueT/T-1 / -0.78 / 3.93** / 1.62 / 0.86
Small KV crosses / 0.92 / 1.00 / 1.03 / 1.09 / 1.26
t-valueT/T-1 / 1.95 / 2.11* / 2.53* / 5.96**
Note:* Significant level at P≤0.05; ** Significant level at P≤0.01.
a Mean value of kernel density of IF2 population or different kernel classes;
bDAP,days after pollination;
ct-value of the difference between stage T and stage T-1.