Supporting Material To

Supporting material to

Measurement of Personal and Integrated Exposure to Particulate Matter and Co-pollutant Gases –A Panel Study

Time-activity diary: Personal exposure sampling was carried out using four real-time instruments. During PoM and PreM, the following sampling procedure was used. A shoulder bag loaded with sampling instruments was assigned to one of the participants for the sampling. Sampling was carried out for 12 hours from 7:00 am in the morning and to 7:00 pm in the evening. Participants carried this bag during that time. Also, the participant kept a record of his/her time activity in time activity diary which was further used for analysis of source characterization and the fraction of time that a particular participant spent in a particular microenvironment. Time activity diaries of subjects S1, S4 and S9 are given in Table S1. The time-series plots of the same subjects are given in the manuscript. Time series plots of two more subjects S12 and S13 are shown in Fig. S1 and discussed in the following sections.

Table S1: Sample time-activity diaries

Subject S12: Personal exposure to PM measured by OPC was slightly higher during PoM than PreM (Fig. S1a-b). Variation was found higher in PreM than in PoM. In PreM, peak values of PM exposure measured from both OPC and CPC were found in mess and on road. Minimum exposure to UFP was found in class room compared to other sources.

Exposure to CO was higher in PreM than in PoM with the major sources being mess, canteen and on road. In lab and room also exposure to CO was higher. The main sources of VOC was found to be mess, lab, room and on road. Personal exposure to NO2 was found in mess, on road, canteen and in room. Exposure to NO2 in room may be due to construction activities beside his residential hall, where frequency of passing trucks and tractor were high and their engine emissions were transported to the rooms through favorable winds.

Subject S13: The personal exposure to PM measured by OPC was higher in PoM than in PreM (Fig. S1c-d). The peak values of exposure to PM were found higher on road. Relatively less exposure to PM was detected in class room. Peaks values of PM exposure were found higher in mess. UFP exposure measured by CPC was higher in mess and canteen due to varied cooking activities. The exposure to CO was found higher in PreM than in PoM. During both the seasons, exposures to CO were found higher in mess and on road. The VOC and NO2 exposure were below detection limit in PoM, while during PreM, peaks of VOC and NO2 were found in mess and on road.

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(b)

(c)

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Figure S1: Personal exposures related to different activities for individual subjects (S12 and S13) during (a), and (c) post-monsoon and (b) and (d) pre-monsoon seasons.

Table S2 provides the PM mass and number concentrations for different particle sizes and gaseous pollutant concentrations for all the participant subjects. Personal exposure measured for the panel during PoM season is shown in Table S2a. Table S2b shows summary statistics of personal exposure to PM concentration and gaseous co-pollutant for each subject during PreM. Personal exposures to PM2.5 show lower number concentrations than PM1 because PM2.5 values were recorded with OPC (which measures in the size from 0.3 µm to 20 µm) and CPC (which measures in the size from 0.01 µm to 1 µm) was used for PM1 explaining the differences shown by OPC in measurement for PM1 when compared to the simultaneously measured data of CPC. Due to some technical problems, subject S6 could not sample with CPC. The subjects belong to a panel that uses similar microenvironments and do similar activities, but their exposure values to pollutants show largely varying values. This could be due to the time spent in different microenvironments and related to specific activities.

Table S2a Personal exposure of subjects to PM and gaseous pollutant in Post-monsoon

Note: *Exposure of NO2 was only detected for subject S6 with a value of 18.03 ppb and exposures to VOCs were below detection limit for the entire cohort.

#Maximum and minimum values have been highlighted to depict the entire range. Averaging time is at least 12 hours.

Table S2b Personal exposure of subjects to PM and gaseous pollutant in Pre-monsoon

*Maximum and minimum values have been highlighted to depict the entire range. Averaging time is at least 12 h.

Table S3: Measured values of lung parameters of all the subjects during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon

Table S3 provides the lung parameters for all the participants for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season.All the tests to study lung parameters were carried out at least 3 times to check the consistency in values that depend on a person’s age, gender, ethnicity and lung conditions.