Review- Chapters 8,12,14 Answer Sheet

Sociology

Review- Chapters 8,12,14 Answer Sheet

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1.Behavior that violates significant social norms is called

2.To be labeled deviant, one must

3.A stigma is- a mark of social grace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of the society

4.The Rules of Sociological Method suggest that deviance has the following uses in social life: clarify norms, used as a form of social control and act that has serious negative consequences

5.Deviance viewed as the natural outgrowth of values, norms, and structure of society: known as the strain theory, developed by Robert Merton and major functionalist explanation

6.The situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable is referred to as

7.The concepts of culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving these goals was devised by

8.Of the five modes of adaptation, ____ is not a deviant response.

9.Conflict theorist believe that: conformity

10.Conflict theorist believe that: conformity

11.The interactionist perspective focuses on: control theory, cultural transmission theory and labeling theory

12.The control theorist Travis Hirschi argued that: the development of strong social bonds leads to lower levels of deviance

13.____ suggested that conformity is the result of self-control.-Hirschi and Gottfredson

14.____ explains deviance as a learned behavior.- cultural transmission theory

15.The frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals is called: differential association

16.____ believe that some people show a strong commitment to society’s norms, yet still engage in deviance. –Sykes and Matza

17.The labeling theory: focus on how individuals are labeled as a deviant, notes that all people commit deviant acts in their lives, and describes two types of deviance

18.Principle types of crime in the United States include: violent crimes, crimes against property, and white collar crimes

19.Sanctions serve the following functions for corrections: retribution, rehabilitation, and deterrance

20.The juvenile justice system is made up of:

21.What are considered more serious crimes : arson, murder, robbery

22.Statistics reveal what about crime: men are more likely to be arrested than women, more than two thirds of people arrested are white, and almost half of those arrested are under the age of 25

23.The process of labeling an individual as deviant is called: degradation ceremony

24.The suspension of moral beliefs to commit deviant acts is a: technique of neutralization

25.Most Americans marry individuals with characteristics similar to their own, including: religious faith, age and race

26.A nuclear family consists of: one or both parents and their children

27.In 1960 there were a dozen U.S. states that made interracial marriages: illegal

28.Factors that have contributed to heterogamy include: higher college enrollments, geographical mobility, and participation of women in the workforce

29.What do most sociologist argue is the most-devastating family disruption?- family violence

30.When was the widespread nature of family violence confirmed in a nationwide study?- 1975

31.The most common marital system in the majority of preindustrial societies around the world is- polygamy

32.In preindustrial times, families had to provide for their own needs by-growing their own food, making their own clothes and building their own houses

33.After industrialization, why did families no longer need to be self-sufficient?- factories could meet most needs, more charitable organizations and government agencies

34.Kinship traced through the mother’s family is called- matrilocaltiy

35.What is the family disruption that receives a great deal of media attention?- divorce

36.What are the functions of the family?- regulation of sexual activity, economic security, and socialization

37.In recent decades, the traditional family has been replaced by: dual earner families, childless families and one-parent families

38.All societies enforce some type of incest taboo, which :forbids sexual relations or marriages with certain relatives

39.If a newly married couple is expected to live with or near the husband’s parent, they are most likely part of a: partilocality

40.The residential pattern found most commonly in industrial societies is: neolacality

41.Today in the United States it is not at all uncommon for a woman to have her first child at what age?: 30

42. Describe a family where the mother and the father share authority?- egalitarian

43.Sociologists use the term marriage to refer to: the set of norms that establishes and characterizes the relationship between married couples

44.Today in the United States women are pursuing nontraditional careers as: doctors, computer scientists and university professors

45.Studies show that daughters of working women may: have a better self-image

46.What are the causes of one-parent families?: divorce , birth to unwed mothers and death of a spouse

47.Polygamy is relatively rare even in the societies where it is an acceptable marital system. This is because-such a household is expensive to support

48.The educational issues facing the United States in the early 2000s include- educational reform

49.The most important functions of religion include- social cohesion, emotional support and social control

50.Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are examples of- monotheistic religions

51.A relatively small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination is referred to as- a sect

52.Belief systems can be organized into three basic types- animism, theism, and ethicalism

53.Changing immigration patterns in the United States have- added to the variety of religion

54.The following groups are more likely to participate regularly in religious services: women, African-Americans and the elderly

55.The largest religious membership in the United States belongs to the- Roman Catholics

56.An example of a religious ritual is- baptism, wedding, and funeral

57.The best-known polytheistic religion is- Hinduism

58.Formal education that involves instruction by specially trained teachers who follow officially recognized policies is called- schooling

59.Functional sociologists believe that the most important function of education includes-teaching of knowledge and skills, the transmission of culture, and social integration and occupational placement

60.Examples of subjects included in core curriculum are- language and literature and math and history

61.After families, schools are the most important and obvious means through which children learn- social values, norms and beliefs

62.The following serves to screen and select the members of society for the work they will do as adults- education

63.Anything that is considered to be part of the supernatural world that inspires awe, respect, and reverence is- sacred

64.The assignment of students to different types of educational programs is considered- tracking

65.Statistics show a(n) ____ relationship between education and income.- strong

66.Sociologist Samuel Bowles found that among the highest-achieving high-school students, most of those from wealthy families- attended college

67.Americans have long believed that education is the key to- social mobility

68.The following is not a goal included in the Goals 2000: Educate America Act: all children will start school ready to learn, every American adult will be literate, and all schools will promote parent participation in their children’s educational lives

69.Parents may receive a voucher equal to the amount their state spends on education for their child under the concept of- school choice

70.Some parents choose to home school because they- are dissatisfied with the quality of education offered by public schools, ideological or religious reasons, and feel that public school does not meet the level or interests of their children

Unti Test- Chapters 8,12,14

Answer Section

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